3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. ежегодный товарооборот

2. валовой национальный продукт

3. средний доход на душу населения

4. рост загородных торговых центров

5. компьютерная индустрия

6. сектор обслуживания

7. рост франчайзинга

8. доля франчайзинга от общей суммы продаж

9. основные процентные ставки

10. непрерывный экономический рост

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. industry

2. sustain

3. flexible

4. regulate

5. necessary

6. earn

7. maintain

8. advertise

9. turn

10. exhibit

5. Задайте к подчеркнутому в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. The Government's policy is to ensure sustainable economic growth through low inflation and sound public finances.

2. The economy is now benefiting from substantially lower in­terest rates. In September 1993 base interest rates were at 6%.

3. They had been cut by 9 percentage points since October 1990, and were at their lowest since 1977.

4. Since 1979 the Government has privatized 46 major businesses and reduced the state-owned sector of industry by about two-thirds.

5. Britain is responsible for some 10% of the world's exports of services; overseas earn­ings from services amounted to 30% of the value of exports of manufactures in 1992.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the government’s policy?

2. What is the share of total domestic income generated by private enterprises?

3. What is the annual turnover of different British companies?

4. How much of GDP do the service industries contribute?

5. What is tourism in Britain expected to be by the year 2000?

6. How did average real disposable income per head change between 1971 and 1990?

7. What does fran­chising mean and how does it develop in Britain?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 – 3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10 – 15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 9

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

BRITAIN TODAY

DEFENCE. The strength of the regular armed forces, all volunteers, was nearly 271,000 in mid-1993 — 133,000 in the Army, 79,300 in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and 58,500 in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines. There were 18,800 women personnel — 7,500 in the Army, 6,800 in the RAF, and 4,400 in the Royal Navy.

British forces' main military roles are to:

ensure the protection and security of Britain and its de­pendent territories;

ensure against any major external threat to Britain and its allies; and

contribute towards promoting Britain's wider security in­terests through the maintenance of international peace and security.

Most of Britain's nuclear and conventional forces are commit­ted to NATO and about 95% of defence expenditure to meeting its NATO responsibilities. In recognition of the changed European security situation, Britain's armed forces are being restructured in consultation with other NATO allies.

Under these plans, the strength of the armed forces is being cut by 22%, leaving by the mid-1990s some 119,000 in the Army, 70,000 in the RAF and 52,500 in the Royal Navy and the Royal Marines. This involves reductions in main equipment of:

three Tornado GR1 squadrons, four Phantom squadrons, two Buccaneer squadrons and part of a squadron of Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft;

12 submarines, nine destroyers and frigates and 13 mine countermeasures ships; and

327 main battle tanks.

Civilian staff employed by the Ministry of Defence will be reduced from 169,100 in 1991 to 135,000.

As a member of NATO, Britain fully supports the Alliance's current strategic concept, under which its tasks are to:

help to provide a stable security environment, in which no country is able to intimidate or dominate any European country through the threat or use of force;

serve as a transatlantic forum for Allied consultations af­fecting member states' vital interests; deter from aggression and defend member states against military attack; and

preserve the strategic balance within Europe.

SCIENCE. Britain has a long tradition of research and innovation on science, technology and engineering in universities, research insti­tutes and industry. Its record of achievement is in many ways unsurpassed, from the contribution of Isaac Newton to physics and astronomy in the 16th and 17th centuries (theory of gravitation and three laws of motion) and the inventions of Michael Faraday in the 19th century (the first electric motor, generator I and transformer) to more recent breakthroughs in the 20th century.

British achievements in science and technology in the 20th century include fundamental contributions to modern molecular genetics through the discovery of the three-dimensional molecular structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and James Watson in 1953.

Further notable contributions over the past 20 years have been made by Brian Josephson in superconductivity (abnormally high electrical conductivity at low temperatures); Anthony Hewish in radio-astrophysics and many other scientists.

Much pioneering work was done during the 1980s. For ex­ample, in 1985 British Antarctic Survey scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. More recently there have been several breakthroughs in genetics research, including the identification of the gene in the Y chromosome responsible for determining sex, and the identification of other genes linked to diseases, including cystic fibrosis and a type of inherited heart disease. Gene therapy has begun on the treatment of cystic fibro­sis. The world's first pig with a genetically modified heart has been bred by scientists at Cambridge University, an important milestone in breeding animals as organ donors for people. Nobel Prizes for science have been won by 70 British citizens, more than any other country except the USA.

HEALTH. Total spending on health and social services in 1993-1994 was £36,000 million on health and £292 million on social serv­ices. Recent developments include an increase in practice nurses at doctors' surgeries, projects designed to improve health care in inner city areas and among ethnic minorities, and new proce­dures for assessing the care needs for individuals within the community.

The National Health Service (NHS) provides a full range of medical services which are available to all residents, regardless of their income. Local authority personal social services and volun­tary organizations provide help and advice to the most vulnerable members of the community. These include elderly, physically disabled and mentally ill people, those with learning disabilities (mental handicap) and children in need of care.

Central government is directly responsible for the NHS, ad­ministered by a range of local health authorities and boards throughout Britain acting as its agents, and for the social security system. Personal social services are administered by local authorities but central government is responsible for establishing national policies, issuing guidance and overseeing standards. Joint finance and planning between health and local authorities aim to prevent overlapping of services and to encourage the development of community services.

Spending on the health service has increased substantially in: real terms since 1980, and is planned to grow further over the next two years. More patients are being treated than ever before. Spending on the personal social services is determined by local authorities. Central government has restricted the total expendi­ture of individual local authorities, but spending has risen substancially in real terms since the late 1970s, reflecting the priority given to this sector.

The NHS health programme consists of: Hospital and Com­munity Health Services, providing all hospital care and a range of community health services; Family Health Services, providing general medical, dental and pharmaceutical services and some ophthalmic services, and covering the cost of medicines pre­scribed by general practitioners; Central Health and Miscellaneous Services, providing services most effectively administrated centrally, such as welfare food and support to the voluntary sector; and the administrative costs of the health departments.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. the regular armed forces

2. security in­terests

3. NATO allies

4. the Alliance's current strategic concept

5. ways unsurpassed

6. pioneering work

7. British Antarctic Survey scientists

8. cystic fibro­sis

9. The National Health Service

10. healthdepartments