5. Задайте к подчеркнутому в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities.

2. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from plants and cars.

3. It is possible that some kinds of animals can disappear due to people’s activities.

4. Some territories in Russia are also suffering environmental problems.

5. We have to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by our activities.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What do people's activities result in?

2. What do wastes of cars and plants destroy?

3. What environmental problems is Russia suffering?

4. What destroys the ozone layer of the Earth?

5. What materials can be reused?

6. What materials cannot be absorbed by the earth?

7. What is it necessary to do in order to live in a healthier world?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 – 3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10 – 15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 2

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.

The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening - equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.

Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

An even greater environmental threat is nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.

Many people are beginning to realise that environmental problems are not somebody else's. They join and support various international organisations and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening - perhaps we'll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.

They are not only governments who must wake up to what is happening. Each person must think over this great problem of nowadays life. Not only grown-ups but also children are beginning to realise the importance of Environmental protection. A good example of it is the following extract of a pupil’s compositions. They are children’s thoughts illustrating real attitude to the problem.

Our country. Our environment. There are many big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. The Earth is our home. I think people must take care of our Motherland. There are some laws and decisions on this important subject. We have state organizations, which pay attention to this problem. The international conventions pay a lot of attention to the control of pollution too. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country, that's why we can't ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. Our main aim is protection. Our environment must be clean. What must we do for it? We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study man's influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and our human life. If we don't use chemicals in a proper way we'll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and the atmosphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that is why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people. Radiation. Now it has become one of the main problems. It is not good for the health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy. Another problem is earthquakes. We know about some terrible earthquakes in Armenia. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them. There is a very useful public commission "Green Peace". Its main task is to combine the people's efforts for peace and for nature conservation. The people all over the world do everything to protect their nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier

Nature conservation. Computers project that between now and the year of 2030 we are going to have an increase of the average temperature between 1.5 - 4.5 degrees C. Sea levels would rise by several metres, flooding coastal areas and ruining vast tracts of farmland. Huge areas would be infertile and become uninhabitable. Water contamination could lead to shortages of safe drinking water. It looks like the end of civilization on the Earth. For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth's environment. But now, in the beginning of the 21st century, we are at a crucial turning point. We have upset nature's sensitive equilibrium releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish. These are the consequences of the development of civilization. We are to stop it by joint efforts of all the people of the world. The range of environmental problems is wide. But the matters of people's great concern nowadays are atmosphere and climate changes, depletion of the ozone layer, freshwater resources, oceans and coastal areas, deforestation and desertification, biological diversity, biotechnology, health and chemical safety. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) concentrates! its activities on these issues.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. ozone depletion

2. global warming

3. greenhouse effect

4. industrial and nuclear waste

5. on the brink of extinction

6. to become extinct

7. to be at a crucial turning point

8. flooding coastal areas

9. harmful substances

10. nuclear power stations

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. истощение озонного слоя

2. уделять внимание проблеме

3. глобальное потепление

4. использовать химикаты надлежащим образом

5. предсказывать землетрясение

6. парниковый эффект

7. промышленные и ядерные отходы

8. на грани исчезновения

9. средний уровень температуры

10. вода, пригодная для питья

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. accommodation

2. consume

3. pollute

4. harm

5. develop

6. forest

7. population

8. fertilize

9. disaster

10. decide