3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. за счет своих средств

2. получить субсидию от правительства

3. на равных основаниях

4. вещается на всю страну

5. с некоторой долей развлечений

6. соперничая друг с другом

7. успех в этом отношении

8. время для рекламы

9. партии меньшинства

10. в отличие от прессы

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. depend

2. interrupt

3. equip

4. similar

5. advertise

6. new

7. arrange

8. mix

9. object

10. continue

5. Задайте к подчеркнутому в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. Since the 1970s 98% of British households have had television sets able to receive four channels, two put out by the BBC, two by commercial companies.

2. Commer­cial satellite and cable TV began to grow significantly in 1989— 1990, and by 1991 the two main companies operating in Britain had joined together as British Sky Broadcasting.

3. Unlike the press, mass broadcasting has been subject to some state control from its early days.

4. It envisaged that a new commercial TV channel, TV5, would start in the early 1990s.

5. The world wide radio service has been estab­lished for long time, and is the activity of the' BBC to receive a government subsidy.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Does the state control mass broadcasting?

2. What does Broadcasting Act of 1990 concern with?

3. How many minutes an hour does advertisement last in regional TV programs?

4. What is provided by local radio stations which are run by the BBC?

5. What do local radio stations compete with?

6. How much does a TV licence cost?

7. What was set up in the place of Independent Broadcasting Authority which had been abolished?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 – 3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10 – 15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 14

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN WORLD

POLLUTION. Man has been trying to make his life easier for many centuries. In doing so, he invented machines and instruments. They have been working - and polluting the world we live in.

In this world around us, there are two things that do not belong to any one country: air and ocean water. In both the air and the water, there is much pollution. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone, and they are also concerned about the future of the Earth.

One of the most important pollution problems is in the oceans. Many ships sail in the ocean water - fishing ships, some ships carrying people, some carrying oil. If a ship loses some of the oil in the water, or trash from the ships is put into the ocean, the water becomes dirty Many birds and fish die because of the polluted water. Many fish are dying in the sea, others are getting contaminated. Fishermen catch contaminated fish which may be sold in markets and people may get sick from eating them. Fish may also move to another part of the ocean. Lakes and rivers are getting polluted, too. Some beaches are considered dangerous for swimming.

The second important problem is air pollution. Cars and factories pollute the air we use. It also destroys the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun.

Another problem is that our forests are dying from acid rain. This, in turn, affects the balance of nature.

If we want our children to live in the same world we live in, or in a better and healthier world, we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. Economists have long thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has to absorb all its waste products.

Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources. For example, pumping waste gases from a power station does not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads to forest damage and therefore reduces the resources of forestry industry.

There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain. Another one is water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage to water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. Lastly, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the above-mentioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.

The territories of the former Soviet Union are suffering many environmental problems.Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Apart from the effect of the Chernobyl disaster, the worst problem is probably in the area around the Aral Sea. Cotton growing m the region has used huge quantities of water, and the sea's level has fallen by 14 yards. This destroyed fishing industry and led to a damage in soils, crops and wildlife. Many forests in the north of European Russia and the Far East are under threat. A system of dams on the Volga has caused damage to fish.

If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man's activities, very soon we'll have no world to live in.

WOMEN'S LIBERATION

The Women's Liberation Movement began in 1960s. It was started by women who were concerned about their identity, their role in society, and their work, and about the view of women that many people held.

Many women want full equality with men in every aspect of life. In marriage, they want husbands and wives to share all the work and responsibilities of a home and a family. In work, they want women and men to have the same jobs and the same chance to succeed. They want women to be paid just as much as men for the same work. Other women agree with some of the ideas of women's liberation. They want the same pay if they hold the same job as a man. At home, however, they do not expect their husbands to share in the cleaning, cooking and other household jobs.

It is important to remember that the Women's Liberation Movement is not concerned only with concrete issues; it is also concerned with attitudes and beliefs. One example of this concern is the issue of women's identity. Some women do not think they are capable of doing anything important. The Women Liberation Movement helps these women improve their views of themselves.

A second issue of the Women's Liberation Movement is the question of women's roles. Should a woman work outside the home, should she work if she is married and has children? If a woman decides to take a job outside the home there are many important questions which are raised. Are some jobs closed to her because she is a woman? Will she be paid as much as her fellow workers-men?

Many people agree with the ideals and goals of women's liberation. They feel that women ought to be considered equal to men in every way. They feel that a woman shall be able to decide to stay at home and raise a family, or to stay at home and not raise a family, or to go out and work, or to have a job outside the home and a family as well.

Other people are opposed to women's liberation.

The Women's Liberation Movement is trying to give women a chance to show what they can do.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. to get contaminated

2. to affect the balance of nature

3. to be closely related

4. to pump waste gases

5. to cause acid rain

6. water shortage

7. to suffer an environmental problem

8. to be caused by economic activities

9. the effect of the Chernobyl disaster

10. to be under threat

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. погибать из-за кислотных дождей

2. неисчерпаемый источник ресурсов

3. обеспечивать экономику ресурсами

4. неправильное использование земель

5. разрушение озонового слоя

6. осторожно использовать окружающую среду

7. защитить что-либо от повреждений

8. сообща выполнять работу и делить ответственность

9. интересоваться чьей-либо позицией и убеждениями

10. работать вне дома

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, обозначьте словообразовательную морфему (приставка, корень, суффикс) либо дополнительный корень при словосложении и переведите слова на русский язык:

1. health

2. fish

3. forest

4. short

5. lay

6. appear

7. economy

8. able

9. care

10. responsible

5. Задайте к подчеркнутому в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. Man has been trying to make his life easier for many centuries.

2. Are some jobs closed to her because she is a woman?

3. Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources.

4. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities.

5. If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man's activities, very soon we'll have no world to live in.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the consequences of water pollution?

2. What should people do if they want to live on the earth?

3. Why do some economists think that pollution damages the resources?

4. What environmental problems do the territories of the former Soviet Union suffer?

5. What could happen if we don’t learn to use the environment carefully?

6. What attitudes is the Women’s Liberation movement concerned with?

7. What is a question of women’s roles?