. A& ) D& )
ϕ& t) ' (A&ϕ&t)) D&ϕ&t)) @ ( ϕ
t *
& !wϕ) (ϕ((
" "t tNwϕ@ (D&ϕ&t))
t " (
(( " ( "
t & tNwϕ ϕU<&wA))
D&ϕ&t)) I_D( ) |
|
_ϕ(t) |
IA&ϕ&t))ϕ$&t) |
|
|
-------------- |
_ |
|
! ϕ(t) _t |
|
|
|
|
wϕ ϕU<&wA)
" " ,wϕ ϕU<&wA)
(A&ϕ&t))ϕ$&t) "
! " ( D&ϕ&t)) 5
( &<> F[)
) ' * ' ( ! /%< 6 ' 9 : B$ 6? 4 z& ) y& )[ : (@ # '$&6 [ BB ? $ % @ 5 & 6 @[ 6 6 5 @ ' %& [ >& # (
'$&6 %$8 %& $ & & 5 < ò y_z & & |
' # ( |
'$&6 %$8 %& $ & & 5 < ò z_y # |
|
ò z_yIzyUò y_z |
&<> F>) |
+ ( z& ) y& )
z& ) ((
wz y& ) ((
wy wIwz wy5 w / "
Nw(( !
_&zy) Iy_zTz_y
'
z_yI_&zy) U y_z
3 '
* <4<
ò _&zy) IzyT=
ò y _z* + '
P4<*ò z_y
ò z_yIò _ &zy) Uò y_z
+ 'zyT=
ò_&zy) =
òy_z( &<> F>)
<
) &
# # #
<
0 ! 6 #< 6% %<
JI T X
X / ' 4 ? 4
/ ! : "
" ! E
4%& & <; 4 %&;7 / 4 %&;7
JI T X* ! ,
I |Y J I ls J<
5! T X " "
<5 2 %6 4 B 4
0 J *
ls J 4 !%$8 %& 6 #( < 6% %< E
F T F $<
JI TX ! QJQ QJQ I
F T F
< 5 hYij_` /_siq_bih_k` /
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
J |
|
J I T X |
|
|
|
|
" |
|
b |
|
|
& ) ! 1 |
|
|
ϕ |
|
" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
& ) |
4 |
|
|
|
|
JI TX' |
|
|
|
|
|
7 => |
|
|
& |
|
|
|
|
|
" ! " |
! )JI TX |
! ! & ) ! |
& |
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 & ) & |
! " ) T X |
6 #< 6% 4 #< %6 %&;7! |
" ! |
|
|
|
|
|
• 4%& & <; 4 • / |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8ϕ!J J 4 |
• 5$ & |
J! dhq J9ϕ |
JUπVϕ π! |
! ihq J 5 dhq J |
J 4 |
Fπihq J |
|
J 4 5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ihq JI ihcaq -- TVπ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VI 4 " |
VI <VI U< C I 4 |
4 ihq JI |
-- |
`_qb I I 4 ihq J |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ QJQ Ibdhq JIϕ1 & =>) Ibcf` ϕ Ib`_b ϕ |
' |
JI TXIb&cf` ϕTX`_b ϕ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ '& 5 & ( %6 4 B 4 6 #< 6% 5 %< J
JI TX!
! (
: ! ! (
"JI 4, 'bI 4ϕ ! /
0 <T <X FT FX
<I F <I F+
T 4XI@4 T XI X4 T 4XI 4
R$ " "J< I <T X< JFI FT T XF(
XYZ |
& <T F) T & <T F)X |
&<= <) |
J<TJF I |
3
J< T JF "
"J< JF
& "
! JIJ<UJF
J JFTJIJ<@JI T X
FT T & FT )XI <T X<5 I <U F I <U F
J<UJF
" "
J< JF
A
' &
)
& ) ' ( &<= <)
& == <44)
:JI TX
* & )
" "
" !
" " '
! " " "J< JF
& == <44) QJ<TJFQ QJ<Q T QJFQ QQJ<Q U QJFQQ QJ<UJFQ
' "
!
" F PO * : " " J< I < T X<
JF I FT XF(
XYZ |
& < FU < F) T & < FT < F)X &<= F) |
J<JF ≡& <T X<)& FT XF) I |
8 'XI 4 T <X
! +XXI U< +XX!
XF -!
XFI U<
C ' # ( &<= F)
! (
; ( "
( C
J<Ib<&cf` ϕ<TX`_b ϕ<)JFIJF&cf` ϕFTX`_b ϕF)
J<JFIb<bFL&cf` ϕ<cf` ϕFU `_b ϕ<`_b ϕF) T
TX&cf` ϕ<`_b ϕFT `_b ϕ<cf` ϕF)M I
Ib<bFLcf` &ϕ<TϕF) TX`_b &ϕ<TϕF)M
!
QJ<JFQ I QJ<Q QJFQ dhq &J< JF) I dhq J<T dhq JF &<= P)
!*
* dhq * "
' *
" '
dhq J<dhq JF :
QJ<JF JIQ I QJ<Q QJFQ QJIQ
dhq &J<JF JI) I dhq J<T dhq JFT T dhq JI
" "
5J<IJFI I JIIJ JI II I < F PJ
QJIQ I QJQIdhq JIIIdhq JT FVπ VI 4 < F
@ ! (
!
,ϕ / !
J "JI
IϕT FπL LI 4 < F 5
IF dhq JI Idhq J
! "I&ϕT FπL) I
IIϕ T FπIL Iϕ!
Fπdhq JI#
FπI 5 * (
*
/%< ϕ dhq J & Iϕ dhq JI
+ 'JIb&cf` ϕ T X `_b ϕ)JIIbI&cf` IϕTX `_b Iϕ) 5 !
< &b I <) *
JI cf` ϕTX `_b ϕ
&cf` ϕTX`_b ϕ)II cf` IϕTX`_b Iϕ &<= R)
#B $< 4 S$ <
< J
----- <
JF
JF 4 !
< ? : &<SS[/<[HR) / (
|
|
|
|
J< |
%& & < 9 J< JF |
JI ----- |
|
|
|
|
JF |
|
|
|
|
%< J<IJFJ+ ' |
|
|
|
|
QJ<Q I QJFQ QJQ dhq J<I dhq JFT dhq J |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J< |
|
|
J< |
|
|
J< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
QJQ I |
----- |
I |
|
--------dhq JI dhq ----- |
I dhq J |
< |
U dhq J &<= H) |
|
|
JF |
|
|
JF |
JF |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
" "
. &<= H) J I J<
-----
JF
" J< JF 4 7
" "
!
( *
" ' "
* " " + ' ! " !
CI /6 I(4 %& # "
{I I
J { I(
,{I ! J1
;XFI U< '
– < IX5 ' (
– < &UX)FI U<
UX 
– <
– < IX 
– < I UX C
JIb&cf` αTX`_b ϕ){Iρ&cf` ϕTX`_b ϕ){I ! J[
ρI&cf` IψTX`_b Iψ) Ib&cf` ϕTX`_b ϕ)1
ρII
b
9 ( /
ρ 4
{< |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{F |
|
{4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
|
J |
|
|
|
{P |
{R |
F |
|
7 <4< |
|
|
7 <4F |
|
|
|
J |
F |
|
Q J |
|
F J< |
|
|
J< |
4 |
J< |
|
JF |
J |
|
< |
|
|
Q J |
|
|
F |
|
7 <4P |
IψIϕT FVπ&V / )ψIϕ T FVπ
---------------------
I
+ *
"VI 4 <IU <,
! 'ψV
{VIρ&cf` ψVT `_b ψV)ρ 4
+ " "V ψ ! "ψVFπ
' !
"{V VI 4 <IU <-!
I
J J 4I {4 {< {I U <
{V VI 4 <IU <
# " I(
ρ
{V
{V U <"VI < FIU <
{I U < {4 Fπ/I ; <4< ! II H
0 J I T X
U X % # 9' J!
J J I U X A J !
J • & <4F)
-. & % &
<4 QJQ I QJQ ihq JI Uihq J F4 JJI QJQF
P4 JIJ
R4 J< T JF IJ<TJF
H4 J< F JF IJ<UJF
S4 J<JF IJ<JF
|
|
|
|
< |
|
|
|
< |
|
[ |
4 |
J |
ö |
J |
J 4 |
|
æ----- |
I----- |
|
|
èJFø |
JF |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ <4& <4F)
"
JJI & T X)& U X) I FT FI QJQF
@ P4 ,JI T X J I U XJ I F X I T XIJ
R4 !
• "J< JF" & <4P)
J< JF' "
!
• !J<TJF
J< T JF@
J< JF J<TJF @ H4
@ S4[4
* " " " * "
<4
QJ<JFQ I QJ<JFQ I QJ<Q QJFQ I QJ<Q QJFQ I QJ< JFQ dhq J<JFI U dhq J<JFI U&dhq J<T dhq JF) I
I Udhq J<U dhq JFI dhq J<T dhq JFI dhq J<JF ? [4
3
( " !
( , |
! |
< T <X |
|
U |
X |
|
---------------------- |
F T FX |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< T <X |
( < T <X)( F F FX) |
< F T < F |
< F F < F |
---------------------- |
I------------------------------------------------------ I--------------------------------- |
T-------------------------------- X |
F T FX |
( F T FX)( F F FX) |
FF T FF |
FF T FF |
< 3 3 2
!
<= < ($ JI TX
%
"
: "
" & ) "
* ,
XYZ
& ) T & $ $) I & T $ T $)
XYZ
& )& $ $) I & $U $ $T $ ) & ) & $ $)
; '
" *
l ll lll F < + !
(
# < 6 #< 6% @ % <
+ & 4) ! & "
( " ) &4 <)
XYZ
!X,X I &4 <) @
XFI &4 <)&4 <) I &U< 4) I U< XFI U<
! & )
& ) I TX1
