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Файл:Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие
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30. In the vicinity of North Wall and the immediate approach to Main Basin,
circular streams, with rates not exceeding ½kn, occur on both the in-going and outgoing streams. A strong SW set has been reported on the N side of Middle Jetty, one
hour before HW.
Word building
Noun
Verb
fall
flow
race
rise
run
set
stream
turn
to fall
to flow
to race
to rise
to run
to set
to stream
to turn
Study speech patterns
to be about + Infinitive
We were about to leave. — Мы собирались уходить.
Give your examples. You may use the verbs: to speak, to move, to change
someone’s opinion, to help, to finish, to tell, to close.
Useful information. Remember it
Neap tide — a tide of minimum range occurring at the first
and the third quarters of the moon
Spring tide — a greater than usual tide occurring
at each new moon and full moon
2. Translate the following phrases.
A. 1) to attain a rate; 2) to attain a strength; 3) at springs (neaps); 4) tide gauges
are situated at … ;5) exceeded by 25 per cent 6. to achieve 6 knots; 7) to affect the
tidal stream; 8) to vary rate of stream; 9) to reach maximum rate.
B. 1. E-going stream is stronger, but of shorter duration. 2. Rates of streams are
similar. 3. Streams are reciprocal in direction. 4. Details are given in the table on the
chart. 5. The stream is in anti-clockwise direction. 6. Streams are nearly rectilinear.
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7. Streams set close inshore. 8. Streams are more or less rotary. 9. Streams start to
run N. 10. Tidal streams reach 6 kn. 11. Stream is deflected SW. 12. Rate of stream
increases (decreases) with N winds.
3. Complete sentenses with the suitable prepositions given below.
near, of, at, to, after, before, by, between, with, in, about
1. Tidal streams are weak … the shores.
2. It attains its maximum rate … 4 knots … neaps.
3. NE-going stream turns … SW … 6 hours …the LW …Aberdeen.
4. The flood appears to be influenced … the monsoon currents.
5. … Pearl Bank and Cap Island slack water usually occurs … low water.
6. It was reported that the tidal stream … the strait sets northward … the rising tide.
4. Translate the following sentences into Russian, taking into consideration
the meaning of both and both … and.
1. About 150 m within the entrance both the in-going and out-going streams
run 1 kn at springs and ½ kn at neaps.
2. Both the rate and direction are affected by strong winds.
3. Both streams are mainly rectilinear following the general direction of the
channel.
4. The spring rate in both directions is between 2½ and 3 kn.
5. There are eddies and tide-rips off Jane’s Creek, which is walled on both sides.
6. Spring rates in both directions are fairly strong.
7. When snow is melting and during heavy rain, both the direction and rate of
the out-going stream will be increased, and the rate of the in-going stream correspondingly decreased.
8. The rate of the streams during both the rising tide and the falling tide is
about 3 kn.
5. Translate the sentences into Russian, taking into consideration the mean-
ing of of and off.
1. Deep draught vessels may have to make use of the height of the tide in order
to have a safe under keel clearance in areas where the depths are critical.
2. The rates of the tidal streams vary depending on the width of the channel.
3. There are eddies off the breakwater heads and variable directions of these
eddies may give rise to turbulence in the entrances.
4. The wind has a considerable effect on the strength and direction of the tidal stream.
5. Off the entrance to the B. the tidal streams are rotary anti-clockwise.
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6. The timing and strength of the tidal streams may differ significally because
of the meteorological conditions.
7. Tidal streams run strongly off the anchorage, but there is no special difficul-
ty in entering the port.
6. Give the English equivalents to the words in the brackets.
1. (В районе) of Sunk Light-float (приливные течения) are rectilinear, (уста-
навливающиеся) SW and NW. (Непосредственно к) Knock John Tower the tidal
streams are (неравномерные) and more or less (вращательные) otherwise the
streams (устанавливаются в направлении) of the main channels, (при скорости си-
зигийных приливов) up to 2½ kn.
2. Tidal streams set (в направлении против часовой стрелки). The times at
which streams (начинаются) and their (направление изменяется значительно) in
different parts of the estuary. Close to the river entrance (скорость сизигийного при-
лива) is 2½ kn and (квадратурного) 1 kn but further to seaward the rates (уменьшается). Both the rate and direction (находятся под влиянием) by strong winds.
3. A (суточный) tide consists of one high and one low water a day.
4. When shaping a course a navigator must know (точно) how the rate and direction of the streams may influence (движение судна).
7. Say it in English.
1. В каком направление устанавливается приливное течение в канале?
2. Здесь течения достигают скорости 2 узла в сизигию.
3. От чего зависит скорость приливного течения?
4. Течения в западном входе в Английский канал устанавливаются по
направлению часовой стрелки.
5. Все три течения соединяются у острова и образуют водовороты в канале.
6. Суточный прилив состоит из полной и малой воды.
7. Сизигийные приливы происходят в зависимости от положения луны,
солнца и земли.
8. Что такое приливо-отливные течения? Приливо-отливные течения —
это горизонтальное движение воды, вызванное приливами.
9. Западное течение начинается за 2 часа до полной воды и течет около
6 часов.
10. Течение отклоняется на юго-запад и достигает скорости 2 узла в сизигию.
11. Северо-западное течение опасно, так как оно устанавливается в сто-
рону отмелей.
12. Информация о приливных течениях дана на карте.
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13. Точной информации о течениях на реке нет.
14. Скорость течения может ускоряться или замедляться в зависимости от
направления и скорости ветра.
15. Водовороты возникают в течение первых трех часов прохождения во-
сточного течения
8. Give the characteristic of the following tides and tidal streams.
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UNIT 7
CAUTIONS
ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ
Vocabulary
abnormal magnetic condition [æb'nɔ:ml m æg'netik kən'di∫n] — состояние маг-
нитной аномалии
abound [ə'baund] — изобиловать
abundant ['əb⋀ndənt] — обильный; изобилующий; богатый
accordingly [ə'kɔ:diŋli] — соответственно
illowance [ə'lauəns] — допуск; припуск
amend [ə'mend] — исправлять
bury['beri] — зарывать в землю; прятать
caution [kɔ:∫n] — осторожность; предосторожность; предупреждение
comparatively [kəm'pærətivli] — сравнительно
congested area [kən' dƷestid 'eəriə] — район чрезмерного скопления (транс-
порта); стесненная акватория
dredged [dredƷd] — углубленный
encounter [in'kauntə] — встреча; встречаться; сталкиваться
exercise [' eksəsaiz] — выполнять (об обязанностях); проявлять
existence doubtful (E.D.) [ig' zistə ns 'dautful] — существование сомнительно
experience [iks'piəriəns] — испытывать; знать по опыту
foul [faul] — запутывать(-ся) (о снастях)
guidance ['gaidns] — руководство
hovercraft [hɔvəkra:ft] — судно на воздушной подушке
imperfect [im'pə:fikt] — неполный, неточный
indicate [' indikeit] — указывать
lay out (laid, laid) [' lei ' aut] — устанавливать
mine [main] — мина
mine field [' main ' fi:ld] — минное поле
mistake (for) [mis'teik] — ошибочно принять что-либо за другое
omit [əu'mit] — опускать; не включать
overcrowding [ouvə' kraudiŋ] — переполнение
overtaking [ouvə' teikiŋ] — обгон
rely on (upon) [ri' lai 'ɔn] — полагаться на что-либо
shift [∫ift] — перемещение; перемещать(-ся)
state [steit] — состояние
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Other words and expressions
deep draught route — глубоководный путь
guard — береговая охрана
hazardous to small craft — опасный для малых судов
need to be avoided — необходимо избегать
the sea rises rapidly — волнение быстро усиливается
to avoid the overfalls — избегать сулои
to keep well clear — держаться в стороне
to navigate close inshore — идти в непосредственной близости от берега
to take precautions — предпринимать меры предосторожности
Phrases to remember
1) as found necessary — как найдут необходимым;
2) the existence and positions of buoys cannot be relied on — нельзя пола-
гаться на наличие и местоположение буев;
3) the shape and position of these banks are liable to change — очертание
и местоположение этих банок подвергаются изменению;
4) no reliable position can be obtained by sounding — достоверное местопо-
ложение не может быть получено промером глубин (лотом);
5) great caution should be exercised care should be taken необходимо прояв-
лять большую осторожность;
6) precautionary area — район повышенного внимания;
7) the head should be given a berth — этот мыс следует обходить;
8) account should be taken — необходимо проявлять внимание.
Memorize the translation of the following sentences
1. Dredging is frequently in progress. — Дноуглубление производится часто.
2. It is prudent not to leave the harbour. — Благоразумно не покидать гавань.
3. The wind tends to back S. — Ветер имеет тенденцию заходит к югу про-
тив часовой стрелки.
4. If a vessel is unable to make the port. — Если судно не может войти в порт.
5. Large vessels should avoid passing one another in the Straight. — Большие
суда должны избегать расхождения друг с другом в проливе.
6. Local cross currents may cause difficulties to large or deep draught vessels. —
Местные пересекающие течения могут доставлять трудности большим или глубоководным судам.
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7. Vessels are requested not to remain in the area any longer than is strictly
necessary, particularly in poor visibility. — Суда просят не оставаться в районе
дольше, чем это необходимо, особенно при плохой видимости.
8. Pipelines are not always buried, their presence may reduce the charted depth
by as much as 2 m. — Трубопроводы не всегда скрыты в грунте, их наличие мо-
жет уменьшить указанную на карте глубину на 2 м.
9. Frequent accidents are caused by the failure to appreciate the effect of the
wind upon the tidal streams. — Частые аварии вызваны тем, что не учитывается
воздействие ветра на приливные течения.
Exercises
1. Read and interpret the extracts from pilot-books below.
1. In poor visibility vessels unsure of their position should remain to seaward of
the 30 m depth contour between Outer Owers (50º 40' N,0º 41'W), 5 miles SE of Selsey Bill and Beachy Head. This precaution keeps vessels well clear of Owers. Outer
Owers and the shoals off Bognor Regis are described in the Channel Pilot.
2. Winkle Island, a hard bank of stones and shells lies to the E and N of the
training wall beacon. The bank is liable to change and small craft to the E of the en-
trance should keep S of the line of bearing 090º from the beacon. The tidal stream
sets W over the training wall from 2 hours before to 4 hours after HW and is particularly strong off East Pierhead while the in-going stream is running. It is advisable to
wait for a clear channel before entering the harbour.
3. If a vessel is unable to make one of the ports in the Baie de Somme before
HW, then it is recommended to proceed at once to seaward of the banks. Anchoring
in the shelter of a bank or point is not safe because the holding ground among these
shifting sands is poor.
4. Hovercraft follow the direct track between the hoverport and CA2 Light-
buoy (N cardinal) (51º 00'·9N, 1º 48'·9E), 3½ miles NW of the hoverport. In strong
winds from the S to W this track may be altered to run between the hoverport and
CA4 Light-buoy(W cardinal ) (50º58'·9N, 1º45'·2E ), but remaining N of the buoyed
approach channel.
5. A heavy sea breaks over Middelkerte Bank and Oostende Bank during
N gales and alters the depth and position of the shoal patches.
6. Vessels are warned not to anchor within the area of foul ground (51º26'N, 3º08'E)
in mid-channel SE of Vlissingen, which is encumbered with wrecks.
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7. With strong sustained W winds there is a heavy ground swell over Kucerens
and in W gales the sea breaks over the shoal in places. Even a slight wind, when it is
against the tide, causes a confused sea to rise quickly.
8. Within this stretch of the channel, even light winds can cause a rough sea,
particularly when the wind is against the tidal stream. The sea moderates quickly further offshore.
9. The bend in the channel off Bath is reported to be difficult for long and deep
draught vessels, especially if opposing traffic is met.
10. Vessels bound for the locks take their tugs off Noord Ballastplaat Light-
beacon and cross the fairway between the light-beacon and Plaat can Doel. рPas van
Rilland is subject to considerable change due to constant silting of Plaat van Saeftinge on the NW side and Ballastplaat to the SE. It is kept at depth by dredging.
11. Vessels navigating in the area prohibited for anchoring and fishing are re-
quested not to remain in the area any longer than is strictly necessary, particularly in
poor visibility.
12. Local knowledge is required for the passage through East Swin, which is
only suitable for small craft. There are a number of wrecks and obstructions SW of
Maplin Spit, which are shown on the chart.
13. There are numerous posts for military purposes on Maplin Sands. Obstruc-
tions to navigation and beacons of no navigational significance, some exhibiting
lights at night, may also be encountered.
14. The buoys marking the channel through East Swale are shifted as necessary
to mark changes in the channel, which should not be attempted at night.
15. The outer part of the route passes through areas of changing depths and al-
lowance should be made for the possibility that depths may be less than charted.
16. The dredged channel on the S edge of Sunken Buxey is only 60 m wide and
continually used by commercial shipping. Vessels should ensure that the channel is
clear before entering.
17. Small craft, yacht and fishing boats are often present in great numbers on
the N side of Sea Reach between Shoebury Ness and Canvey Island.
18. Due to erosion of the river bed in the vicinity of the piers of Tower Bridge,
vessels are warned against anchoring within 45 m of these piers.
19. Account should be taken of the proximity of vessels using the NE-going
deep draught route NW of Sandettie Bank to vessels using the SW-going lane of the
Dover Strait TSS. Overtaking in the vicinity of Sandettie Bank is not recommended.
20. Breskens is liable to silting and dredging takes place in the spring and autumn, but prior to dredging depths in Oosthaven may be up to 2 m less than charted.
The Harbour Master should be consulted for the latest information on depth.
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21. The buoyage on the approaches changes frequently and should be considered as reflecting the current state of the channel.
22. Depths are irregular in places and soundings give little guidance. There is
no reason to stand close inshore as the coast is straight and the strength of the tidal
stream does not diminish close inshore.
23. NE gales cause a heavy scend in the harbour and it is not possible to enter
in strong SE winds. On these occasions the leading lights are extinguished.
24. Four cross — Channel submarine cables, buried to 1,5 m, converge to land
2 cables W of Copt Point. Vessels are warned not to anchor or trawl in their vicinity
and on no account cut them should they be fouled in any way.
25. A vessel proceeding with the out-going stream S through Tolmie Channel
and intending to pass through Sarah Passage, may, when the stream is on the port
quarter be set towards Hazard Rock. It is therefore recommended that S bound vessels, when proceeding with the out-going stream, should proceed W of Jane Island
and pass through Jane Passage using Jane Island as a traffic separation barrier.
26. It has been reported that all navigational aids in Georgian waters may be
unreliable and that navigational aids in Georgian and Ukrainian waters may be different from those charted and described in nautical publications. Mariners should exercise extreme caution in the identification of navigational aids.
27. With strong onshore winds or during gales a heavy swell is experienced in
the roadstead causing vessels to roll and sheer heavily. The swell continues after the
storm has passed. In recent years three vessels have dragged their anchors during
gales and have been driven onto the breakwater, where the vessels have sunk with resultant loss of life.
28. The position of the bar varies and depths on it range between 1 and 2 m.
When there is a lot of water in the river a slight wind from N will raise a considerable
sea on the bar, which is then dangerous.
29. Weed growing from the bottom is very abundant and attains great length by
mid summer. It is liable to foul propellers.
2. Learn the following word combinations, taking into consideration the use
of prepositions.
1) to accuse of — обвинять в чем-либо;
2) to approve of — одобрять что-либо;
3) to be afraid of — бояться чего-либо;
4) to be capable (incapable) of — быть способным (неспособным) на что-либо;
5) to be engaged in — заниматься чем-либо;
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6) to be interested in — интересоваться чем-либо;
7) to be liable to — быть подверженным чему-либо;
8) to be responsible for — быть ответственным за;
9) to consist in — заключаться в;
10) to consist of — состоять из;
11) to count on (upon) = to depend on (upon) = to relay on (upon) — рассчи-
тывать; полагаться на что-либо;
12) to get used to — привыкать к;
13) to hear of – слышать о;
14) to insist on – настаивать на;
15) to keep away (from, off) — держаться в отдалении чего-либо;
16) to keep on — продолжать делать что-либо;
17) to object to — возражать против чего-либо;
18) to prevent from — препятствовать, мешать (сделать что-либо);
19) to result in — приводить к чему-либо, явиться результатом чего-либо;
20) to spend in — тратить время на что-то;
21) to succeed in — удаваться; преуспеть в чем-либо;
22) to suspect of – подозревать в чем-либо;
23) to think of – думать о.
3. Complete the sentences, you may use the following words.
to stop, to proceed, to enter, to leave, to cross, to navigate close inshore, to overtake
1. It is dangerous … .
2. It is prudent … .
3. It is not allowed … .
4. It is advisable … .
5. It is prohibited … .
6. It is not recommended … .
7. It is unsafe … .
4. Complete the sentences, using the phrases in brackets.
Model: Do not enter this area. (much shipping).
Do not enter this area: there is much shipping.
1. Take caution. (dredging operation in progress).
2. Keep clear of the fairway. (leakage of inflammable cargo).
3. Avoid the area enclosed by pecked lines. (Telegraph Cables).
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