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Файл:Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие
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21
15 miles range are printed in roman type; those of light-vessels in ITALIC CAPITALS
and those of all other floating lights in italics.
Column 3: Latitude and longitude are approximate.
Column 4: Characteristics and intensity.
Column 5: Elevation in metres.
Column 6: Range in sea miles, in bold type if of 15 miles or more, and in ro-
man type if less.
Column 7: Description of structure and its height in metres.
Column 8: Remarks. Phase, sectors, arcs of visibility. Minor lights.
The layout of column headings is shown inside the front cover.
Phase is expressed to tenths of a second where known unless otherwise stated;
it is printed in italics.
The durations of light and darkness are those for which the apparatus was designed. In practice they are subject to some degree of fluctuation, due to slight variations in the working-speed of the apparatus. The duration of a flash may also appear
to be less than normal when seen from a great distance, and haze has the same apparent effect.
The limits of sectors and of arcs of visibility, and the alignment of direction
lights and leading lights are given as seen by an observer from seaward. All bearings
refer to the true compass and are measured clockwise from 000 to 359.
Coast radio stations, radar stations and radio beacons are mentioned in the List
of Lights when they are situated at a light-station, but for details reference must be
made to Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
Signal stations and weather, ice, storm, danger, tide, tidal stream, traffic and
port signals are mentioned when they are shown at light-station; full details will be
found in the relevant Admiralty Sailing Directions.
22
Ponta dos Frades–Sutrapada
No
Location
name
Latitude
N.
Longitude
E
Characteristics
and intensity
Elevation
in metres
Range
in sea
miles
Description
of structure
and its height
in metres
Remarks
0367.8
Mungra
Reff
22 45.6
70 11.0
Fl(2)W 15s
7
10
White round
concrete tow-
er, red bands
10
*
0378
Pirothan
Island. Off
NE point
22 37.2
69 58.3
Fl R 10s
5
5
White round
concrete tow-
er, red bands
12
fl1.
0388
Okha
22 28.6
69 04.2
Fl(3)W 25s
26
25
White square
masonry tow-
er, red bands
23
fl 0.3, ec
4.7, fl 0.3,
ec 14.7
0496
Dongri
Point
19 18.3
72 47.7 F G
14
6
Metal column
2
Vis 095º-
240º (145º)
6138.78
Jetty
16 51.8
42 32.8
2 Mo(U)
18
6
Green round
tower
12
Range re-
duce 1998
5400
Ponta do
Giraul
15 08.2
12 06.7
Fl W 5s
30
18
White square
tower and
dwellings
24
fl 0.7
7585.4
SPM No
20
29 08.8
48 19.5
Horn
Mo(U) 30s
Iso W 2s
2
2
White struc-
ture
4
Unreliable
1998
7321.74
No 11
Berth. SE
corner
23 37.4
58 33.9
F R
2
2
White struc-
ture
4
Can be ob-
scured by
background
shore lights
1264
Sibolga.
Pier
1 44.5
98 46.3
Fl W 5s
6
5
White metal
framework
tower
12
fl 1. F G
light on
church 500
m N.
R Lt on
radio mast
400 m SE
23
UNIT 2
BUOYS & BEACONS
БУИ И ЗНАКИ
Vocabulary
Beacons
beacon ['bi:kən] — знак на воде или на берегу
day b. [dei] — дневной (несветящий) знак
directional (radio) b. [di'rek∫ənl] — направленный радиомаяк
airway b. ['feəwei] — знак, ограждающий фарватер
fixed b. [fikst] — стационарный навигационный знак; береговой знак
flashing b. ['flæ∫iŋ] — проблесковый знак
floating b. ['floutiŋ] — плавучий знак
front b. [fr⋀nt] — передний знак
hazard b. ['hæzəd] — знак, ограждающий опасность для плавания
identification b. — [aidentifi'kei∫n] опознавательный знак
landmark b. ['lændma:k] — береговой ориентир
leading b. ['li:diŋ] — створный знак
light b. [lait] — светящий знак
non-directional radio b. ['n ɔn' di'rek∫ənl] — ненаправленный радиомаяк
perch b. [pə:t∫] — знак с шестом; шестовая веха
pile b. [pail] — (навигационный) знак на сваях
pillar (pole) b. ['pilə] — столбовидный знак
rear b. [riə] — задний знак
Buoys
buoy [bɔi] — буй; ограждать (обставлять) буями
acoustic b. [ə'ku:stik] — буй со звуковой сигнализацией
ball spar b. [bɔ:l spa:] — веха с шаром
bar b. [ba:] — буй, ограждающий бар
barrel b. ['bærəl] — бочкообразный буй; бочка
beacon b. ['bi:kən] — столбовидный буй
bell b. [bel] — буй с колоколом
bell-and-whistle b. ['bel ənd 'wisl] — буй с колоколом и свистком
bifurcational b. [baifə:'kei∫n] — буй, указывающий разветвление фарватера
24
broom b. [bru:m] — веха с голиком
cardinal b. ['ka:dinl] — кардинальный буй
can b. [k æn] — цилиндрический (тупоконечный) буй
cask b. [ka:sk] — бочкообразный буй
channel b. ['t∫ænəl] — буй ограждения каналов или фарватеров
chequered b. ['t∫ekəd] — буй шахматной окраски
combination b. [kɔmbi'nei∫n] — комбинированный буй (со светом и звуко-
вым сигналом)
conical b. ['kɔnikəl] — конический буй
cylindrical b. [si'lindrikəl] —цилиндрический буй
dragging b. ['drægiŋ] — буй ограждения района дноуглубительных работ
fairway b. ['feəwei] — буй, ограждающий фарватер
flashing b. ['flæ∫ iŋ] — буй с проблесковым огнем
fog b. [fɔg] — туманный буй
gong b. [gɔŋ] — буй с гонгом
horizontally striped b. [hɔri'zɔntli 'straipt] — буй с горизонтальными полосами
horn b. [hɔ:n] — буй с сиреной
isolated danger b. ['aisəleitid] — буй, ограждающий отдельно лежащую
опасность
junction b. ['dƷ⋀ŋk∫n] — буй при соединении двух фарватеров
landfall b. ['lændfɔ:l] — подходной буй
lateral b. ['lætrəl] — латеральный буй
light b. [lait] — светящий буй
midchannel b. [mid't∫ænəl] — осевой буй фарватера или канала
mooring b. ['muəriŋ] — швартовная бочка
nun b. [n⋀n] — биконический буй (из двух конусов, соединенных осно-
ваниями)
numbered b. ['n⋀mbərd] — пронумерованный буй
obstruction b. [əb'str⋀k∫ n] — буй ограждения подводных препятствий
pillar b. ['pilə] — столбовидный буй
pivot b. [pivət] — поворотный буй
port-hand b. ['pɔ:t hænd] — буй левой стороны фарватера
radar reflector b. ['reida: ri 'flektə] — буй с радиолокационным отражателем
safe water b. ['seif 'wɔ:tə] — буй, указывающий на безопасный проход
sea b. [si:] — входной буй (ограждающий вход в канал или гавань)
spar b. [spa:] — столбовидный буй; веха
25
special purpose b. ['spe∫el 'pə:pəs] — буй специального назначения
spherical b. ['sferikəl] — сферический (шарообразный) буй
staff b. [sta:f] — столб, шест
starboard-hand b. ['sta:bɔ:dhænd] — буй правой стороны фарватера
topmark b. ['tɔpma:k] — буй с топовой фигурой
unlit b. [⋀n'lit] — несветящий буй
vertically striped b. ['və:tikəli 'straipt] — буй с вертикальными полосами
wreck b. [rek] — буй на месте затонувшего судна
buoyage ['bɔidƷ] — ограждение (фарватера) буями
Topmarks
topmark ['tɔpma:k] — топовая фигура
daymark ['deima:k] — несветящий навигационный знак; топовая фигура
square [skweə] — квадрат
triangle ['traiæŋgl] — треугольник
sphere ['sfiə] — сфера; шар
drum [dr⋀m] — цилиндр
diamond ['daiəmənd] — ромб
cylinder ['silində] — цилиндр
cone [koun] — конус
rectangle ['rektæŋgl] — прямоугольник
Other words
band [bænd] — полоса (горизонтальная)
even ['i:vən] — чётный
lay (laid) [lei] — устанавливать
mark [ma:k] — знак, отметка; отмечать, ограждать
moor [muə] — устанавливать (буй)
move [mu:v] — движение, перемена места; передвигать (-ся)
odd [ɔd] — нечётный
replace [ri'pleis] — заменять, замещать
shape [∫eip] — форма
stripe [straip] — полоса (вертикальная)
superimpose ['sju:pərim'pəuz] — накладывать друг на друга
surmount [sə'maunt] — увенчивать
withdraw (the buoy) [wið'drɔ:] — убирать, снимать
26
Phrases to remember
1) a buoy of no navigational significance — буй, не имеющий навигацион-
ного значения;
2) alignment of the beacons leads … — створ навигационных знаков ведет ...;
3) to buoy off — ограждать буями;
4) to show by day and by night — показывать днем и ночью;
5) beacons lit on request — знаки, зажженные по требованию;
6) to identify the beacon by its colour and shape — идентифицировать буй по
цвету и форме.
Memorize the following sentences
1. The channel is buoyed (unbuoyed). — Канал огражден/ обставлен (не
огражден).
2. Leave this buoy to starboard (port). — Оставьте этот буй справа (слева).
3. You can pass this buoy on either side. — Вы можете пройти этот буй
с любой стороны.
4. Beacons are moved to reflect changes in the bar. — Знаки переставляются
так, чтобы отражать изменения на баре.
5. Beacons are moved without notice. — Знаки переставляются без уведом-
ления.
6. A number of buoys are not charted. — Множество буев не нанесено на карту.
7. These buoys should not be relied upon. — Не следует полагаться на эти буи.
8. Light buoys may be replaced by unlit buoys. — Светящие буи могут заме-
няться несветящими.
For familiarization
Aids to navigation
Aids to navigation are special structures like lighthouses, lightships, beacons,
buoys, landmarks that are used to enhance safety.
These lights and marks are prescribed across the world by the International As-
sociation of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). In 1977 this IALA endorsed two mari-
27
time buoyage systems putting an end to the 30 odd systems existing at that time. Region A — IALA A covers all of Europe and most of the rest of the world, whereas
region B — IALA B covers only the Americas, Japan, the Philippines and Korea.
Fortunately, the differences between these two systems are few. The most striking
difference is the direction of buoyage.
All marks within the IALA system are distinguished by:
– Shape;
– Colour;
– Topmark;
– Light.
Six types of navigation buoys:
1. Lateral.
2. Cardinal.
3. Isolated danger.
4. Safe water.
5. New wreck.
6. Special.
Lateral buoys and marks
The location of lateral buoys defines the borders of channels and indicates the
direction.
Under IALA A red buoys mark the port side of the channel when returning
from sea.
Under IALA B green buoys mark the port side of the channel when returning
from sea.
When exhibited, red and green lights are used for lateral marks. Lateral lights
can have any calm phase characteristic except FL (2+1).
Lateral marks for certain purposes have specific rythms, e.g. composite group
flashing (2+1) for preferred channel marks.
When proceeding in the conventiobnal direction of buoyage, at the point where
a channel divides to form two altenative channels to the same destination, the
Preferred channel is indicated by a modified lateral mark.
28
Lateral buoys and marks
When fitted, port-hand marks carry can-shaped topmarks, and starboard-hand
marks carry conical topmarks. These topmarks are particularly important when used
on pillar or spar buoys, as they mirror the designated buoy shapes.
Lateral buoys and marks
Cardinal buoys
The four cardinal buoys indicate the safe side of a danger with an approximate
bearing. For example, the West cardinal buoy has safe water on its West and the danger on its East side. The top marks consist of two black triangles placed in accordance with the black/yellow scheme of the buoy. When a new obstacle (not yet shown
on charts) needs to be marked, two cardinal buoys - for instance a South buoy and an
East buoy — will be used to indicate this “uncharted” danger. The cardinal system is
identical in both the IALA A and IALA B buoyage systems.
29
Cardinal buoys
Marks indicating isolated dangers
This type of buoy indicates the position of an isolated danger, contrary to cardinal buoys which indicate a direction away from the danger. Body: black with red
horizontal band(s); Topmark: 2 black spheres. The light (when present) consists of a
white flash: Fl (2).
Marks indicating isolated dangers
30
Marks indicating safe water
Notice that whereas most horizontal striping spells “danger”, this safe water
buoy is vertically striped. Safe water marks are used to indicate that there is navigable
water all round a mark. Such a mark may be used as a centerline, mid-channel or
landfall buoy or to indicate the best point of passage under a fixed bridge. Body: red
and white vertical stripes; Topmark (if any): single red sphere. Lights are typically
calm and white: Morse A, Iso, Occ or LFl 10s.
Marks indicating safe water
Emergency wreck marking buoy
After the sinking of the “Tricolor” in the Pas de Calais (Dover Straits) in 2002,
several other vessels hit the wreck despite standard radio warnings, three guard ships
and a lighted buoy. This incident spawned a new type of buoy, the emergency wreck
marking buoy, which is placed as close as possible to a new dangerous wreck.
Emergency wreck marking buoy
The emergency wreck marking buoy will remain in position until:
a) the wreck is well known and has been promulgated in nautical publications;
b) the wreck has been fully surveyed and exact details such as position and
least depth above the wreck are known; and;
c) a permanent form of marking of the wreck has been carried out.
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