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Файл:Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие
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The buoy has the following characteristics: colour — yellow and blue stripes
(min 4 max 8; shape-pillar or spar; topmark — yellow cross.
Fitted with an alternating blue and yellow flashing light with a nominal range
of 4 nautical miles where the blue and yellow 1 second flashes are alternated with an
interval of 0.5 seconds.
B 1.0 s + 0.5s + Y 1.0 s + 0.5s = 3.0 s
A Racon Morse Code “D” and/or AIS transponder can be used.
Special buoys and marks
There are five official IALA shapes, from left to right: conical, spar, cylindrical, pillar and spherical
Special marks lack an actual navigational goal. Most of the time these yellow
buoys indicate pipelines or areas used for special purposes.
Special buoys and marks
Exercises
1. Read and interpret the extracts from pilot-books.
1. Black Deep lies between Sunk Sand to the NW and Long Sand to the SE,
both of which dry in parts. The fairway is generally 1½ miles wide, but narrows at its
SW end to 5 cables and is marked by numbered light-buoys, odd numbers to the NW
and even numbers to the SE.
Black Deep
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2. SE of Maplin Sands, which lie along the whole of NW side of West Swin and
are marked on their E side by Maplin Light-buoy (E cardinal). Maplin Sands extend
about 3 miles offshore from the coast between Foulness Point and Shoebury Ness.
3. Whitaker Beacon (isolated danger) stands at the SW end of the spit close NE
of the drying line, which marks the NE limit of Foulness Sand. The remains of an
older beacon, awash at LW, are 150 m NE of Whitaker Beacon.
Whitaker Beacon
(Original dated 1979)
4. Cork Sand Light-buoy (port hand ) is moored 4 cables WNW of the N extremity of Cork Sand and also on the S limit of South Channel. Experimental buoys,
which have no navigational significance may be laid in the S end of Cork Hole.
5. Vergoyer E Light-buoy (E cardinal) (11 miles WNW), marking the NE side
of Vergoyer, and Vergoyer N Light-buoy (N cardinal) (12 miles NW) marking the N
extremity of Vergoyer and which lies on the boundary between the Traffic Separation
Scheme and the Inshore Traffic Zone.
6. Two buoys, which indicate the direction of the tidal stream, are moored, one
1 mile WNW of the entrance to Port Quest and the other 4 cables WNW of the entrance to Port Est. Seen from the N they show by day the side painted black and by
night a white light over an orange light when the stream is E-going. When the stream
is W-going they show their white side (day) or two white lights (night).
7. Two buoys (special), one moored close SE and the other close SW of RCE
Light-buoy, together with the light-buoy form a distinctive radar target.
8. The channels in the estuary are marked by numbered buoys or light-buoys,
which are often prefixed by letters indicating the name of the channel. In winter lightbuoys may be withdrawn or replaced by unlit buoys.
9. SBZ Light-buoy (S cardinal) is moored at the SW extremity of Schouwen
Bank, and SD4 Buoys (both port hand) on the SE side of the bank and SBO Lightbuoy (E cardinal) at its NE extremity. Middle Bank Light-buoy (safe water) is
moored in the center of the bank.
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10. The alignment of the following beacons leads over the bar to the entrance
which is about 1 cable wide and lies between drying banks of shingle: front beacon
(red post, white triangular topmark), rear beacon (red post, red square topmark).
These beacons are moved as necessary to reflect changes in the bar and the channel.
The beacons may be lit at night on request.
11. Four buoys (special) moored on the W side of the entrance mark the W limit of the oyster beds in the channel. The S buoy is marked “Fishery”. The S limit is
indicated by the alignment of a pair of beacons on Colne Point and by Inner Bench
Light-buoy.
12. Branklet Buoy (special) is moored NE of the shoal water extending from
Walla sea Island. A number of seasonal buoys (special), which act as racing marks,
are laid off the N bank of river Crouch.
13. The E limit of the approach channel is marked by the Leith approach Lightbuoy and a light dolphin (5 cables SE of the approach buoy) together with a line of
dolphins to the SE of the beacon. The two beacons (red triangles, floodlit) one close
SE of the head of West Breakwater, the other on the SE side of Western Harbour in
line indicate the W limit of the approach channel.
14. Hen and Chickens Light-buoy is moored 1½ cables to the S of the patch on
the N side of the fairway at the commencement of the dredged approach channel,
which has a least width of 120 m. No 1 light-beacon (red cylinder on pile) lies 2 cables S of the buoy and to the S side of the approach channel. The channel is marked
by light-beacons and light-buoys.
15. Day beacons may be identified by their colour and shape; in certain cases a
number may also be shown. Normally lights are not exhibited from day beacons, but
coloured reflectors are fitted to indicate the shape, colour, and number if any, of the
beacon, if a searchlight is used by a vessel. Starboard-hand beacons are triangular,
with a red triangle in the centre and a red reflective border. Port-hand beacons are
square, with a black square in the centre and a green reflective border.
16. A beacon (mast, white rectangle daymark, white reflectors) stands on Teal
Island. On the E shore of the channel ¾ mile NE of Teal Island, is the entrance to a
small, narrow, marshy lagoon.
17. A beacon (staff, white framework drum topmark) stands on the SW point
of Magee Islet. A similar beacon stands on a ledge, which dries 5 m ½ cables W of
Picture Island; both ledge and island are steep-to on their S sides. A buoy (red spar)
marks the S edge of the channel between it and the 5 m drying ledge.
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18. A buoy (black can) marks the edge of foul ground, which extends 5½ cables W from the NE of the four islets off the NW of Kumdis Island. The fairway is
reduced to about 1 cable between the buoy and the edge of the foul ground.
19. Wells Fairway Light-buoy (safe water) (53º 00' N, 0º 51' E) is moored
7 cables NNE of the entrance to the approach channel called The Run. The outer part
of the channel is marked by buoys, some lighted, which are moved as necessary and
should not be relied upon. The channel is marked by beacons, some lighted, with diamond topmarks on the W side and square topmarks on the E side.
20. The alignment (170º) of the front beacon (orange, triangle topmark) and
rear beacon (orange, square topmark) leads to the E of Bar Buoy (special). The beacons are moved without notice as required by changes in the channel and are therefore not charted.
21. A buoy (port hand) marks a dangerous wreck on the N side of the channel.
Within the channel Nos. 1 to 10 Buoys (black barrels, summer only) mark the W side
of the channel as it curves round Blakeney Point and should be kept on the starboard
hand when entering.
22. Tabs Head Light-beacon (red square topmark on white mast) and Dolly Peg
Light-beacon (black triangular topmark) mark the entrance to New Cut. New Cut
Light- beacon (tide gauge, conical topmark) stands on the N bank 1¼ cable W of
Tabs Head Light-beacon.
23. The channel is marked by light-buoys and beacons, which include some of
the marks indicating the E limit of the danger area. The S part of the channel is
marked by light-beacons and buoys. Those painted white and exhibiting white or
green lights should be left to starboard and those red and with red lights left to port.
24. A beacon (starboard hand daymark) stands at the S entrance to Louise Narrows, with another beacon (port hand daymark) 3 cables N of it. In 1998 it was reported that the channel had shoaled and narrowed. Two mooring buoys are moored
about 9 cables N of the narrow.
25. Gavan Shmidta leading light-beacons alignment (338½º) of a pair of lightbeacons leads to the entrance of Reka Kalmius and Gavan Shmidta. The channel is 70
m wide.
Front Rear
Gavan' Shmidta
Approach Channel Leading Lights (338½º)
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26. West Range Beacons (masts, red daymarks with black stripe), in line
113½º, stand on a prominent point 6½ cables ESE of McLellan Point. A beacon
(black), about 4 cables ESE of McLellan Point, stands on the edge of the drying bank
on the S side of the fairway and marks the shoal to the E.
27. Mid Beacon (white mast 5 m in height, square topmark, vertical red reflectors), marking the S side of the fairway, stands on a rock in mid-channel, 4½ cables W
of East Beacon. East Beacon (port hand, radar reflector) stands on a rock which dries.
28. Three mooring buoys provide a berth for a vessel to secure to the seaward
end of an oil pipeline that extends from the shore for about ¾ cable, 5½ cables SE of
the town quay. Vessels secure bows NE to a single mooring buoy and stern-to to two
mooring buoys. There are some tanks close SE of the root of the pipeline.
29. The Maritime Danube is marked by light-buoys and buoys as follows: danger along S (right) bank and S side of fairway – red cylindrical buoys or spar-buoys
with red cylinder topmark; danger along N (left) bank and N side of fairway — black
conical buoys or spar buoys with black conical cone point; axis of fairway where no
danger exists — white buoys with shape of two superimposed conical sections on
small base with black and white horizontal bands or spar-buoys with top mark of similar shape.
30. The alignment (044º) of Port Azovstal light-beacons: front light (white rectangle on framework tower, 22 m in height) (47º 05'· 1N, 37º35'·2E); middle light
(white rectangle on metal framework tower, 37 m in height) (0·84 miles from front
light); rear light (structure as for middle light, 34 m in height) (1,7 miles from front
light) leads for about 5 miles through a dredged channel marked by pairs of lightbuoys and buoys (port and starboard hand) to where it divides for the final approaches to Port Azovstal and Gavan Shmidta.
Word building
Noun
Adjective
'cone
'cylinder
'diamond
rect'angle
'sphere
'square
'triangle
'conical
cy'lindrical
'diamond
rec'tangular
'spherical
'square
tri'angular
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Study speech patterns
To be sure to … — непременно; обязательно (сделать что-то)
You must be sure to read the instruction. — Обязательно прочитайте инструкцию
You must be sure to define more precisely the position of this buoy. —
Непременно уточните местоположение этого буя
Grammar:
The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction —
независимый причастный оборот
Note: The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction very often occurs in
technical, scientific, economical and political literature; sometimes in fiction. The use
of this construction in colloquial English is rare.
1. Knowing this channel well, we were able to pass it at night. — Хорошо
зная этот канал, мы смогли пройти его ночью.
2. The sun having risen (After the sun had risen), they continued their way. —
После того как солнце взошло, они продолжили свой путь.
3. Having lost speed the ship could not reach the port before dark. — Потеряв
скорость, судно не могло достичь порта до темноты.
4. The sawn-goods were shipped by the m/v Minsk, part of the cargo being
placed on deck. — Пиломатериалы отгружены на т/х «Минск», причем часть
груза размещена на палубе.
5. The wool was placed in the warehouse, the cotton being loaded into
holds. — Шерсть была помещена на склад, в то время как хлопок был загружен
в трюм.
6. There being a severe storm at sea (As there was a severe storm at sea), the
ship could not leave the port. — Так как на море был сильный шторм, судно не
могло выйти из порта.
7. The weather being fine, they started painting the hull. — Так как погода
была хорошая, они начали красить корпус.
8. His duty completed, the pilot left the ship. — Так как его работа была за-
кончена, лоцман покинул судно.
9. Weather permitting, we will start loading tomorrow. — Если погода поз-
волит, мы начнем погрузку завтра.
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2. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. My watch having been finished, I went to bed.
2. It being very stormy, they dropped anchor in a sheltered place.
3. All this having being settled, they started discharging.
4. The preparations being completed, they began loading.
5. The Moon being bright, everything was clearly visible.
6. It was dark, the Sun having set an hour before.
7. The information having been delayed, the news reached us too long.
8. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers,
that there was no longer the slightest danger.
3. Identify the shape of the following buoys.
4. Identify the meaning of the following topmarks.
5. Describe the following buoys and beacons.
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6. Complete the sentences with the suitable prepositions:
in, of, off, between, with, about, from, at, by.
1. A black spindle buoy is moored near the shallow reef, extending 1⅓ cables
southward ___ rocky ledges, one ___ which dries 2,7 metres.
2. A pillar buoy, surmounted ___ a staff, is moored ___ depth ___3 metres ___
2 miles southward ___ the lighthouse.
3. A red spar buoy, surmounted ___ a ball, is moored ___a depth ___ 2½ metres.
4. A can buoy lies on the south-eastern side ___the shoals on the northern
side ___ the approach.
5. A red and black horizontally striped spherical buoy ___ a diamond topmark
is moored ___ the western end of the shoal ground.
6. A rock ___ a depth of 1,8 metres lies the north-western end ___ P., and ___
3½ cables ___ shore.
7. Two white beacons, the front one _ which is a stone tower, are situated ___ a
distance ___ 10 miles ___ the port.
7. Answer the following questions.
1. What types of buoys are there?
2. What purpose do the cardinal buoys serve?
3. What purpose do the lateral buoys serve?
4. What purpose does a save water buoy serve?
5. What does an isolated danger buoy mark?
6. What kinds of topmarks do you know?
7. What topmarks are adopted in the IALA system?
8. What is a function of a mooring buoy?
9. Why should a fairway be buoyed?
10. What is fairway?
11. What can you say about emergency wreck marking buoy?
12. What are the characteristics of special mark?
13. What marks indicate new dangers?
14. What is preferred channel? What marks indicate this?
15. What areas are indicated by special marks?
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8. Can you sketch the following buoys given below.
1. ‘A pillar shaped whistle buoy, painted in black and white horizontal bands,
marked “LP”, and exhibiting a white occulting light’.
2. ‘A black conical buoy, marked “SM”, with a topmark consisting of a cone
point down, is moored off the entrance’.
3. ‘A spherical buoy, painted in black and white stripes surmounted by an iron
staff and cross, lies close south-eastward of C’.
Useful information. Remember it
Area — a particular part of a place, piece of land,country, sea, ocean
Vicinity — the immediately surrounding area
9. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing.
1. Черная веха отмечает кромку мелководной банки.
2. С какой стороны следует пройти этот буй?
3. Вы можете обойти этот буй с любой (either) стороны.
4. После шторма на положение буев в этом районе нельзя полагаться.
5. Светящие буи заменяют несветящими в период с апреля по октябрь.
6. На западной стороне канал отмечен знаками с ромбовидными топовы-
ми фигурами.
7. Следуя в порт, приведите знаки в створ.
8. Швартовные бочки установлены около 9 кабельтовых севернее под-
ходного канала.
9. Знак, увенчанный треугольником, стоит на скале.
10. Скала на глубине менее 2 м отмечена белым береговым знаком.
11. Что ограждают эти буи? — Эти буи ограждают отдельно лежащие
опасности.
12. Знаки переставляются часто без предварительного уведомления в из-
вещениях мореплавателям.
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UNIT 3
DANGERS. HAZARDS
ОПАСНОСТИ
Vocabulary
bank [bæŋk] — банка, отмель
bar [ba:] — бар, отмель
breaker — ['breikə] бурун
cliff [klif] — утес
flat [flæt] — отмель
ledge [ledƷ] — риф, гряда камней
obstruction [əb'str⋀k∫n] — препятствие, опасность
patch [pæt∫] — группа банок, камней, отличительная глубина
reef [ri:f] — риф
ridge [ridƷ] — гребень, подводная гряда
rock [rɔk] — скала
above water r. [ə'b⋀v 'wɔ:tə] — надводная скала
below water r. [bi'lou 'wɔ:tə] — подводная скала
drying r. ['draiŋ] — осыхающая скала
high water r. ['hai 'wɔ:tə] — надводная скала
low water r. [lou 'wɔ:tə] — подводная скала
pinnacle r. ['pinəkl] — остроконечная скала
submerged r. [s⋀b'mə:dƷd] — подводная скала
sunken r. ['s⋀ŋkən] — подводная скала
under water r. ['⋀ndə 'wɔ:tə] — подводная скала
shallow ['∫] — мелкий
shallow water ['∫ælou 'wɔ:tə] — мелководье
shoal [∫oul] — мель, отмель
shoal ground [∫oul 'graund] — мель, отмель
shoal head [∫oul 'hed] — коса, риф
attached shoal [ə'tæt∫t ∫oul] — примыкающая мель
detached shoal [di'tæt∫t ∫oul] — отдельно лежащая мель
shoal water [∫oul 'wɔ:tə] — мелководье
spit [spit] — коса
wreck [rek] — затонувшее судно
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