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Файл:Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие
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Other words
avoid [ə'void] — избегать
cause [kɔ:z] — причина; быть причиной, вызывать
capsize [kæp'saiz] — опрокидывать (-ся)
caution ['kɔ:∫n] — осторожность, предостережение
chain [t∫ein] — цепь
close [klous] — вблизи
danger ['deindƷə] — опасность
dangerous ['deindƷərəs] — опасный
decrease [di:k'ri:s] — уменьшать (-ся)
derelict ['derilikt] — покинутое или потерпевшее крушение судно
depth [depθ] — глубина
d. contour ['kɔntuə] — изобата
least d. ['li:st] — наименьшая глубина
dry [drai] — сухой
drying [draiŋ] — осыхающий
ebb [eb] — отлив
eddy [edi] — водоворот
edge [edʒ] — край, кромка
encumber [in'k⋀mbə] — затруднять, препятствовать, загромождать
extremely [iks'tri:mli] — чрезвычайно, крайне
fog [f ɔg] — туман
fog patches [f ɔg 'pæt∫iz] — туман зарядами; местами туман
fringed with rocks ['frindʒd] — окаймленный скалами
ground [graund] — грунт
foul g. [faul] — нечистый грунт
hazard ['hæzəd] — опасность; риск
hazardous ['hæzədəs] — опасный, рискованный
haze [heiz] — дымка
hidden [hidn] — скрытый
irregular [i'regjulə] — нерегулярный, неровный
ir. depths — неравномерные глубины
narrow ['nærou] — узкий; суживать
numerous ['nju:mərəs] — многочисленный
obscure [əb'skjuə] — затемнять, закрывать
obstruct [əb'str⋀kt] — препятствовать; заграждать
obstruction [əb'str⋀k∫n] — препятствие
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overfall ['əuvə'fɔ:l] — сулой, толчея
prevent [pri'vent] — мешать, препятствовать
prohibit [prə'hibit] — запрещать
protect [prə'tekt] — защищать
prudent ['pru:dənt] — благоразумный, осторожный
scattered ['skætəd] — разбросанный, отдельный
steep [sti:p] — крутой
steep-to — приглубый
steeply ['sti:pli] — круто
stranger ['sreindʒə] — судно, незнакомое с местными условиями плавания
stream [stri:m] — течение, поток
be subject to ['s⋀bdʒikt] — быть подверженным чему-либо
submarine ['s⋀bməri:n] — подводный
submerged ['s⋀bmə:dʒd] — в подводном положении
sunken ['s⋀nkən] — подводный, затонувший
s. wreck ['s⋀nkən 'rek] — затонувшее судно
survey ['sə:vei] — съемка, промер; производить съемку
swell [swel] — зыбь, волна с большим периодом и длиной
ground s. — мертвая зыбь
heavy s. — тяжелая волна
uneven [⋀n'i:vn] — неровный
unreliable ['⋀nri'laiəbl] — ненадежный
warning ['wɔ:niŋ] — предупреждение, предостережение
gale w. [geil] — штормовое предупреждение
navigational w. — навигационное предупреждение
storm w. — штормовое предупреждение
weather ['weðə] — погода
rough w. [r⋀f] — бурная погода
thick w. [θik] — туманная погода
Phrases to remember
1) give a wide berth — проходить на достаточно безопасном расстоянии;
2) offshore dangers — отдаленные от берега (мористые) опасности;
3) to pass clear of … — пройти в стороне от …;
4) to keep clear of … — держаться в стороне от …;
5) to close the land — приближаться к берегу;
6) close inshore — непосредственно у берега;
7) N. fronts the coast Н. — обращен к берегу
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Memorize the translation of the following sentences
1. SW winds cause a considerable sea. — Юго-западные ветры вызывают
значительное волнение моря.
2. Harbour should not be attempted. — Не следует пытаться войти в гавань.
3. The channel should only be used. — Каналом можно пользоваться только
with local knowledge. при знании местных условий.
4. The sea breaks heavily. — На море образуются сильные буруны.
5. Great care must be exercised when navigating in this area. — Следует про-
являть большую осторожность при плавании в этом районе.
Exercises
1. Read and interpret the extracts from pilot-books below.
1. There are numerous wrecks along the coast, in particular between Beachy
Head and Dungeness and up to 9 miles offshore. Many of these wrecks stand well
above the seabed and may need to be avoided.
2. Hastings Shoal (50º 50' N, 0º 36' E) lies 8 cables S of the breakwater at Has-
tings. Four Fathoms Sand Ridge (50º 49' N, 0º 39' E) lies 4 miles S of Hastings and
extends NE merging into the shoal bank bordering the shores of Rye Bay. Depths
over the ridge are irregular, with the least depth being over Fairlight Knoll at the NE
extremity of the ridge.
3. The dominate feature offshore is the Goodwin Sands, which lie on the E side
of The Downs and Gull Stream and parallel to the coast from South Foreland (мыс)
to Ramsgate. The Goodwin Sands are moved by the tidal streams and their form can
be altered extensively as a result. There are large drying patches on the sands along
their E and N borders, which lie up to 6 miles from the coast.
4. Les Ecamais are two groups of scattered banks formed by Grands Ecamais,
least depth 12 m and Petits Ecamais, least depth 11 m. The banks lie to seaward of
the general line of the 20 m depth contour and consist of sand, gravel and shell,
which are dangerous in heavy seas.
5. The Bancs de Somme are subject to change both in position and height.
When there are onshore winds the sea is very rough over the banks, which should be
avoided. The outer banks consist of fine shifting sands. If a vessel grounds on them
the tidal streams tend to wash away the sand from the extremities of the vessel causing her to capsize or break her back.
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6. Vergoyer is a narrow sand bank, which runs 15 miles NE from the vicinity of
50º 26' N, 1º 02'E. It lies about 5 miles to seaward of Bassure de Baas and runs parallel
to it. The E side of the bank is sleep-to and the sea breaks over the bank in bad weather.
7. There are rocky ledges on Reculver Sand including Black Rock, which dries.
A stranded wreck, marked by a buoy (port hand), lies to the S of the channel on the
drying line of the coastal shoals.
8. Ray Sand Channel leads from the W end of Swire Hole to Whitaker Chan-
nel. There is a bar, which dries, at the SW end of the channel between it and Whitaker Channel, restricting the channel to small craft. The channel should only be used
with local knowledge.
9. The wreck of SS Richard Montgomery (51º 28' N, 0º 47'·2E), which was
sunk in 1944 while carrying a cargo of explosives is marked by four light-buoys (special) and twelve buoys (special). The wreck, which shows masts and superstructure, but
masts only at HW, lies 1½ cables N of the channel and 2 miles NE of Garrison Point.
Wrecks of SS Richard Montgomery
10. North Carr Rock, which dries has a prominent beacon (red column on a
stone base, globe topmark, all supported by 6 metal stays) and lies at the NE extremity of foul ground extending 1 mile NE of Fife Ness.
11. A bank with depths of less than 5 m extends 1 mile E of the entrance to the
River Leven. The approach channel, 27 m wide, dries at its outer part and is marked
by posts at the bar and thence perches on both sides. Within the bar there is a depth of
1,5 m in the channel. SW winds cause a considerable sea when the harbour should
not be attempted.
12. Crabwater Rock, awash, lying close W of the elbow of the breakwater
which is marked by a light structure.
13. Calot Shad, a bank of sand and stones which dries, and extends from the S
side of Berwick nearly across the harbour, marked on its E and S sides by two lightbuoys (both starboard hand).
14. Goldstone, a rock which dries, marked by a buoy (starboard hand) on its
S side. Stiel Reef extends 1¼ cables ESE of Goldstone, and Saint Nicholas Rock, on
which the sea breaks heavily, lies 3 cables NW.
15. Shorestone Outcars, a ledge of rocks, which dries and marked by a buoy
(port hand) is moored 3 cables to the NE of the ledge.
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16. Plough Seat Reef, which dries, marked on its E side by a buoy (port hand).
Plough Rock, a drying rock 2 cables W of the reef, is marked by beacon (2 m in
height, wood, black, surmounted by a ball).
17. Two detached shoals, Steel Bush with 1,2 m over it and North East Bush
with 2,8 m over it, lie 2½ cables NNE of the island.
18. Embleton Bay lies between Castle Point and a group of rocks 1¼ miles
NNW of the point. The rocks run 5 cables to seaward with Fills, an extensive rocky
patch, at their extremity.
19. Link End is low, rounded and sandy and fronted by drying rocks up to
3 cables to seaward. These dangers are further extended by North Spit and South
Spit, two shoals, respectively 5 cables NE and 5 cables E of Link End.
20. Marsden Bay backed by a limestone bank, 15 m to 18 m high, lies between
Lizard and Marsden Point. Several detached rocks lie in the bay, of which Marsden
Rock, 26 m high and in the center of the bay, is the most prominent.
21. Hendon Rock, marked by a buoy (port hand) on its E side. Two wrecks lie
4 cables NE and White Stones, a group of rocky shoals, lie 6 cables S of Hendon Rock.
22. A rocky shoal, marked by Long Scar Light-buoy (E cardinal) which lies
close E of the shoal. The NE extremity (1 mile SSE) of Long Scar, a detached ledge
of rock which dries, is 3½ cables SW of the shoal. Long Scar runs 4 cables SW from
its extremity, with several smaller detached patches on either side.
23. Upgang Rocks, an area of foul ground inside the 5 m depth contour over
which the swell breaks heavily. The rocks are covered in weed and dry close inshore.
24. Bull Sand Fort (mast, 9 m in height, isolated danger mark), standing cen-
trally on Bull Sand. The depths and configuration of the sand change continuously.
Haile Channel, which is buoyed, separates Bull Sand from Haile Sand.The latter
fronts the coast from Cleethorpes to Donna Nook
Bull Sand Fort (Original dated 1980)
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25. Hawke Channel is marked by Hawke Light-float. Middle Shoal divides the
Hawke and Sunk Channels to the N from Bull Channel and Grimsby Road to the S.
The shoal runs 5 miles to the WNW and is subject to great change.
26. Halton Flat is defined by the 5 m depth contour. It is a sandbank extending
along the SW shore for 3½ miles and up to 1 mile offshore, which lies on the SW
side of the channel.
27. Providence Rock, with a depth of less than 1·8 m and over which the sea
seldom breaks, and Cheesman Rock, awash, and over which the sea always breaks,
lie 7½ cables W and 7¼ cables NNW respectively of Cape Mark. A rock drying
4·6 m, lies 8 cables NE of Cheesman Rock, 3 cables offshore.
28. About 1¼ miles SE of Hunt Point is Mason Point, and between them is a
bay with irregular depths. A rock awash lies midway between the two entrance
points, and a shoal, with a depth of 8 m over it, lies about 4 cables E of Hunt Point;
rocks extend 1 cable N of Mason Point.
29. A large rocky ledge, with above water and drying rocks on it, extends from
the N shore to mid-channel and lies 3 miles WSW of Sandilands Island; a rocky
patch, with 2 m or less over it, extends 1 cable SW from the S point of the ledge; a
rock, with 2 m or less over it, lies 1 cable from the S shore and 3 cables ESE of the
rocky patch, mentioned above.
Useful information. Remember it
Bank — a sloping raised ground, esp. along the sides of the river
Bar — a submerged or partly submerged bank along a shore or in a river
Flat — an area of low level ground
Shoal — a raised bank of sand, shells or rock under the surface
of the water which gradually moves
Spit — a long, thin, flat beach which goes out into the sea
Patch —a small area, which is different in some way from the area that surrounds it
Grammar:
The Objective Participle Construction —
Объектный оборот с причастием
Note: The Objective Participle Construction may be found
a) after to see, to watch, to hear, to feel, to find
1. I saw a vessel approach the entrance and enter the port. — Я видел как
судно подошло ко входу и вошло в порт.
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2. She heard him coming up the ladder slowly. — Она слышала, как он мед-
ленно поднимался по трапу.
3. We watched them walk (walking) along the bank of the river. — Мы
наблюдали как они шли по берегу реки.
4. The captain watched the goods being discharged. — Капитан наблюдал,
как разгружали грузы.
b) after to consider, to understand
1. I consider myself hired. — Я считаю себя принятым на работу.
c) after to want, to wish, to desire
1. He wants the work done immediately (= He wants the work to be done im-
mediately) — Он хочет, чтобы работа была сделана немедленно.
2. The cargo mate wishes the cases counted. — Грузовой помощник желает,
чтобы ящики были посчитаны.
d) after to have
Compare:
We painted the hull yesterday — We had the hull painted yesterday —
Вчера мы покрасили корпус. Вчера мы покрасили корпус (сделали сами)
(сделали не сами, а кто-то другой)
1. We want to have the hull painted. — Мы хотим покрасить корпус (чтобы
нам покрасили корпус).
2. We are going to have the hull painted. — Мы собираемся покрасить кор-
пус (чтобы кто-то сделал это).
3. We must have the hull painted. — Мы должны покрасить корпус (чтобы
кто-то сделал это).
4. We will have the hull painted. — Мы покрасим корпус (кто-то сделает это).
2. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Do it in writing.
1. Капитан наблюдал, как докеры разгружают судно.
2. Капитан наблюдал, как разгружали судно.
3. Мы наблюдали, как они ремонтировали двигатель.
4. Мы наблюдали, как ремонтировали двигатель.
5. Я наблюдал, как судно входило в порт.
6. Я слышал, как капитан приказал начать погрузку.
7. Я видел, как судно медленно шло вниз по реке.
8. Я хочу, чтобы все документы были подписаны вовремя.
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3. Read and translate the following into Russian.
Part — partial — partly
Break — breaker — breakage
Compose — composed — composition
Extend — extension — extending — extended
Mark — marker — marking — marked
Know — knowledge — known
Extreme — extremely — extremity
Doubt — doubtless — doubtful — doubtedly
Indicate — indicator — indicated — indication
Note — notice — notification
Exist — existence — existing
Depend — dependence — depended on
Locate — location — located
Obstruct — obstruction — obstructed
Reading Drill
North — northern — northerly — northward — northernmost — northbound
South — southern — southerly — southward — southernmost — southbound
East — eastern — easterly — eastward — easternmost — eastbound
West — western — westerly — westward — westernmost — westbound
4. Read and translate.
1. The eastern side of the bank is steep-to and the sea breaks over the bank in
bad weather.
2. There is a break in the shoal some 2 miles wide, to the West of the entrance
to Boulogne and 4 miles southward of the northern extremity of the shoal.
3. In strong winds from the South through West to North the sea breaks over
the shoal and depths are liable to change.
4. The sea is less on the northern part of the shoal than to the West of it.
5. Westbound vessels are warned to avoid this area during submarine activity.
6. Vessels proceeding in easterly direction shall give this locality a wide berth.
7. There is a depth of 9 metres about half a mile northward of the northern-
most rock.
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5. Do the following sentences according to the given model.
Model:
A rock, which usually breaks lies about 2 miles SE of Hoster.
A rock which usually breaks lies about 2 miles south-eastward of Hoster.
1. Hvitinger is a drying rock, lying about ¾ of a mile NNE of Burnst.
2. A reef extends in SW direction.
3. A low rock that is steep-to lies off the W side of Rifsnes.
4. From the S end of Malmey a reef that nearly dries extends in SSE direction
to the its W side, but on its E side the depths decrease gradually.
5. Strandagrum is a very large bank that extends N, NE and E from Horn.
6. This spit extends NW from the shoal S of the creek.
7. Island Bluff forms the N point of the entrance to a shallow creek that takes
an E direction.
6. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.
1) entry is prohibited; 2) drying patch; 3) visible above sea level; 4) marked by
buoys; 5) surface navigation; 6) seabed activity; 7) sea breaks heavily; 8) give this
locality a wide berth; 9) bank extends; 10) local knowledge; 11) position doubtful;
12) channels change frequently; 13) to cause a confused sea; 14) enclosed by pecked
line; 15) care must be exercised; 16) onshore (offshore) winds; 17) shifting shoal;
18) encumbered by drying bank; 19) subject to constant change.
7. Translate the following sentences into Russian, taking into account the
use of the Passive Voice.
1. The bank may be passed on either side.
2. The main NE-going route keeps SE of Sandettie Bank and should be used
by all vessels that can safely navigate in that part of the channel.
3. Overtaking in the vicinity of the Bank is not recommended.
4. Many of these wrecks stand well above the seabed and may need to be avoided.
5. In bad weather Beachy Head should be given a berth of 2 miles to avoid the
overfalls.
6. Overfalls are caused in bad weather by a ridge of uneven ground, extending
1 mile SSW from Beachy Head.
7. The Goodwin Sands are moved by the tidal streams and their form can be
altered extensively as a result.
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8. A bank of shingle across the entrance forms a bar and the channel is partially
obstructed. Local knowledge is required to enter the harbour.
9. When the channel is obstructed a yellow light is displayed.
10. Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in the triangular area, which is
shown on the chart.
11. A prohibited area in which explosives have been dumped, lies close SW
of the head of Jetee Sud-Quest.
12. Vessels are warned not to anchor within the area of foul ground (51º26' N,
3º36' E), which is encumbered with wrecks.
13. The bar is normally cleared by dredging.
14. The Harbour Master should be consulted for the latest information on depths.
8. Answer the questions.
1. What main dangers for navigation do you know?
2. In what way are those dangers marked on charts?
3. What rock is called ‘under water rock’?
4. What rock is called ‘awashed rock’?
5. What do we call a bar (a spit, a shoal, a patch)?
6. Is surface navigation allowed over the foul ground?
7. What does ‘Precautionary Area’ mean?
8. What does Restricted Zone or Area mean?
9. What Guides help a mariner to avoid the dangers?
10. What is foul ground?
9. Translate the following questions into English and give your answers to them.
1. Какие опасности есть в этом районе?
2. Какая минимальная глубина над этой мелью?
3. Как отмечено это затонувшее судно?
4. Почему к этому берегу надо подходить с осторожностью?
5. На каком расстоянии надо обходить этот остров?
6. Почему вы рекомендуете обойти этот мыс на большом расстоянии?
7. Почему плавание в этом районе опасно?
8. Почему опасно пересекать этот район в плохую погоду?
9. Что вызывает буруны в этом районе?
10. Все ли опасности нанесены на этой карте?
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