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Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет

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Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие

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10. Translate into Russian.

1. In bad weather Beachy Head should be given a berth of 2 miles to avoid the overfalls.

2. A historic wreck enclosed by a restricted area lies close W of Brighton Marina.

3. The water expelled from these outfalls causes turbulence, which could be hazardous to small craft navigating close inshore.

4. The E-going stream in Rye Bay, which forms the in-going stream into the harbour, produces an eddy.

5. The area around the Goodwin Sands is littered with wrecks. Some wrecks are visible depending on the state of the tide.

6. If a vessel grounds on shifting sands the tidal stream tends to wash away the sand from the extremities of the vessel causing her to capsize or break her back.

7. It is dangerous for vessels to attempt to cross the bar in a heavy or confused sea.

8. When there are onshore winds the sea is very rough over the bank, which should be avoided.

9. There are several shoals; offshore overfalls are 1¾ miles WSW of the shoal.

11. Translate into English.

1. В проливе существует большой риск столкновения, особенно при пло- хой видимости.

2. В середине канала навигация ограничена из-за мелководных банок, со- стоящих из крупного песка и битого ракушечника.

3. Минимальные глубины над большинством затонувших судов опреде- лены тралением гибким тралом.

4. Судам следует избегать многочисленные затонувшие суда вдоль побе- режья и на расстоянии 9 миль от берега.

5. Толчея, отмеченная светящим (специальным) буем, тянется на 1¼ мили от берега.

6. В плохую погоду ветер заходит против часовой стрелки на юг, и уро- вень моря резко повышается.

7. Этот район изобилует затонувшими судами, часть из которых выступа- ет над уровнем моря в зависимости от состояния прилива.

8. Банки лежат мористее 20-метровой изобаты и состоят из песка, гравия, ракушечника и представляют опасность при сильном ветре.

9. Любая деятельность на дне моря опасна из-за наличия мин на грунте.

10. Восточная сторона банки приглубая; над этой банкой в плохую пого- ду образуются буруны.

11. Сильные и продолжительные ветры с моря вызывают сильные входя- щие течения и повышают уровень моря у входа в реку.

12. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russia.

Br, ED, dr., PA, PD, Rf, Rk, Sh, Wk, Obstn, Bk.

UNIT 4

ANCHORAGES & BERTHS

ЯКОРНЫЕ СТОЯНКИ

Vocabulary

anchorage [' æŋkəridʒ] — якорная стоянка, якорное место capacious a. [kə'pei∫əs] — просторная, вместительная якорная стоянка convenient a. [kən'vi:njənt] — удобная якорная стоянка designated a. ['dezigneitid] — назначенная, определенная якорная стоянка excellent a. ['eksələnt] — превосходная якорная стоянка explosives a. [iks'pləusivz] — якорная стоянка для судов со взрывоопасны-

ми грузами

exposed a. [iks'pouzd] — открытая якорная стоянка fair a. [feə] — хорошая якорная стоянка general a. ['dʒenərəl] — общая якорная стоянка prohibited a. [prə'hibitid] — запрещенная якорная стоянка quarantine a. ['kwɔrənti:n] — карантинная якорная стоянка safe a. [seif] — безопасная якорная стоянка sheltered a. ['∫eltəd] — защищенная якорная стоянка short term a. [∫ɔ:t 'tə:m] — кратковременная, непродолжительная якорная

стоянка

tenable a. ['tenəbl] — надежная якорная стоянка temporary a. ['tempərəri] — временная якорная стоянка waiting a. ['weitiŋ] — якорная стоянка для ожидающих судов

Berths

berth [bə: θ] — причал numbered berths ['n⋀mbəd] — пронумерованные причалы jetty [dʒeti] — мол; пристань pier [piə] — пирс; мол quay [ki:] — пристань; причал; стенка (для причаливания судов) terminal ['tə:minl] — терминал wharf [wɔ:f] — пристань; причал

Nature of seabed

bottom ['bɔtəm] — дно (моря, океана), грунт even b. ['i:vn] — ровное дно uneven b. ['⋀ni:vn] — неровное дно regular b. ['regjulə] — ровное дно

boulder ['bəuldə] — валун; галька clay [klei] — глина coral ['kɔrəl] — коралл gravel ['grævl] — гравий ground [graund] — грунт mud [m⋀d] — ил pebbles ['peblz] — голыши, галька rock [rɔk] — скала sand [sænd] — песок shell [∫el] — ракушка shingle ['∫iŋgl] — галька silt [silt] — ил stone [stəun] — камень weed [wi:d] — водоросли

Qualifying terms

broken ['brəukn] — битый coarse [kɔ:s] — крупный fine [fain] — мелкий hard [ha:d] — твердый medium ['mi:djəm] — средний small [smɔ:l] — небольшой soft [sɔft] — мягкий sticky ['stiki] — вязкий stiff [stif] — жесткий

Other words

abeam [ə'bi:m] — на траверзе abreast [ə'brest] — на траверзе accept vessels [ək'sept] — принимать суда accommodate vessels [ə'kɔmədeit] — принимать суда afford anchorage [ə'fɔ:d] — предоставлять якорную стоянку approach [ə'prəut∫] — подходить, приближаться available [ə'veiləbl] — доступный, свободный; имеющийся в наличии anchor ['æŋkə] — якорь; стать на якорь be at a. — стоять на якоре cast a. [ka:st] — отдать якорь drop a. [drɔp] — отдать якорь lie at a. [lai] — стоять на якоре ride at a. [raid] — стоять на якоре

weigh a. [wei] — сниматься с якоря avoid anchoring [ə'vɔid 'æŋkəriŋ] — избегать постановки на якорь avoid swinging [ə'vɔid 'swiŋiŋ] — избегать разворота на якоре provide [prə'vaid] — обеспечивать; предоставлять conspicuous [kən'spikjuəs] — заметный, приметный emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] — аварийный; запасной extend [iks'tend] — протягивать; простираться heavy draft ['hevi dra:ft] — большая осадка heavy sea (s) ['hevi 'si:] — сильное волнение моря intend [in'tend] — предназначать; намереваться intended place [in'tendid 'pleis] — предназначенное место land [lænd] — земля, суша; причаливать layer ['leiə] — слой; пласт lee [li: ] — защита, укрытие under the lee ['⋀ndə ðə 'li:] — под защитой, под укрытием lee side ['li: said] — подветренная сторона limit [limit] — ограничение; граница; предел; ограничивать locate [ləu'keit] — определять место; располагаться в определенном месте; local knowledge [ləu'kel 'nɔlidʒ] — знание местных условий плавания make fast ['meik 'fa:st] — крепиться, швартоваться marina [mə'ri:nə] — гавань для прогулочных, экскурсионных судов moor [muə] — швартоваться; стать на якорь mooring buoy ['muəriŋ 'bɔi] — швартовный буй mooring dolphin ['muəriŋ 'dɔlfin] — швартовный пал obtain [əb'tein] — получать permit [pə 'mit] — разрешать, позволять private ['praivit] — частный protect [prə'tekt] — защищать refuge ['refju:dʒ] — укрытие, убежище remain [ri'mein] — оставаться reserve [ri'zə:v] — запасной shelter ['∫eltə] — укрытие, убежище; защищать swing (swung) [swiŋ] — поворот; размах; колебаться vicinity [vi'siniti] — соседство, близость wind [wind] — ветер fair wind [feə] — благоприятный (попутный) ветер foul wind [faul] — встречный ветер offshore wind ['ɔf '∫ɔ:] — ветер, дующий с берега на море onshore wind ['ɔn '∫ɔ:] — ветер, дующий к берегу

Memorize the translation of the following sentences

1) with northerly wind — при северном ветре;

2) close northward of N. — непосредственно к северу от Н.;

3) off the southern side of K. — мористее южной стороны К.;

4) at high (low) water — в полную (малую) воду;

5) to send in a heavy (considerable) sea — вызывать большое (значительное) волнение;

6) in the same direction — в том же направлении;

7) in the opposite direction — в противоположном направлении;

8) to seek shelter — искать укрытия;

9) to anchor closer in — становиться на якорь ближе к берегу;

10) to anchor with the tower bearing about 89º — стать на якорь, имея башню на пеленге около 89º;

11) depths are liable to change — глубины подвержены изменению;

12) to make a cross sea — вызывать нерегулярное волнение.

Word building

Positive meaning

Negative meaning

accessible

adequate

capable

convenient

correct

different

secure

significant

sufficient

inaccessible

inadequate

incapable

inconvenient

incorrect

indifferent

insecure

insignificant

insufficient

able

avoidable

equal

even

lit

safe

steady suitable reliable

sure

surveyed

unable

unavoidable

unequal

uneven

unlit

unsafe

unsteady

unsuitable

unreliable

unsure

unsurveyed

Useful information. Remember it

Berth – a place for a ship or boat to stay in a port Pier – a long high structure, similar to the bridge, sticking out from the land

into the sea Jetty – a wooden or stone structure which is built out into the water from the edge of the sea, which is used for getting on and off boats Quay – a long structure, usually built of stone, where ships can be tied up and load and unload their goods Wharf – an area like a wide wall built beside the edge of the sea where ships can be tied and good unloaded

Exercises

1. Read and interpret the extracts from pilot-books below.

1. Anchorage may be obtained 2 miles S of the harbour entrance, in depths of

5 to 7 m, stiff blue clay. The anchorage is sheltered, particularly from the W and SW by The Owers (50º 40'N, 0º40' W), which acts as a natural breakwater.

2. Good anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of about 7 m in Seaford Road on

the alignment 109º of the foot of Seaford Cliff with Beachy Head Old Lighthouse and Seaford Church tower bearing 055º. The anchorage is clear of the track of cross channel ferries using Newhaven and sheltered from winds from the ESE through N to WNW.

3. Anchorage may be obtained in West Road (50º 54' N, 0º 54' E) in depth of

8 m, fine sand over clay and mud, good holding ground, provides shelter between N and E. The recommended position is within Stephenson Shoal 250º 3 miles from Dungeness New Lighthouse.

4. Anchorage is available in Eastbourne Bay (50º 46' N, 0º 19' E) in depth of

9 m, sand and mud, good holding ground. The recommended position is 132º 8 cables from the pierhead. The anchorage is sheltered from the W, through N to NE.

5. Anchorage is available off Hastings, but it is open and not recommended ex-

cept in fair weather. The best anchorage, in depth of about 6 m, sand and mud, is 6 cables S of Hastings Pier (50º 51' N, 0º 34' E).

6. East Road is sheltered from the SW through W to N. The recommended an-

chorage is N of Swallow Bank and E of Roar Bank, depths 12 to 18 m, in the red sector of Dungeness Light, bearing about 206º.

7. There is good holding ground in East Wear Bay, which lies between Abbot’s

Cliff and Copt Point. The shore of the bay is flat and covered with large stones, which make landing difficult at LW. However the bay is only sheltered from the

W by Copt Point and Copt Rocks, and should only be used as a temporary anchorage. The best berth is in the middle of the bay in depths of about 9 m.

8. There is an anchorage area in Outer Harbour lying parallel to and between

2 and 3½ cables NW of Southern Breakwater. Depths are generally greater than 6 m but liable to change. The holding ground is fairly good, although caution is required in strong winds. Vessels should not anchor outside the designated anchorage area.

9. Holding ground is not good in parts of The Downs in particular S of Good-

win Fork Light-buoy. Recommended anchorages are: on the W side of the charted anchorage (51º 13' N, 1º 26'E) for large vessels in depths of 12,5 m with South Foreland Lighthouse bearing 208º and Deal Castle bearing 290º. In depths of 12,5 m with Walmer Castle bearing 295º, 11 cables as indicated on the chart.

10. The coast in the vicinity of Fecamp is exposed and anchoring is not rec-

ommended. There is a waiting anchorage centered 1–2 miles W of Jetee Nord Light, in depths from 10 to 16 m, sand and shells, bad holding ground. The anchorage is exposed to winds from the SW through N to NE. The sea rises rapidly and vessels should only anchor in fine weather.

11. The anchorage for vessels waiting to enter the Dieppe is in the vicinity of

D1 Light-buoy (E cardinal), bottom sand and shingle or sand and shells, good holding ground. The sea bottom within a radius of 1 mile from the buoy was systematically surveyed by sonar for any obstructions in 1981. The anchorage is exposed to winds from the W through N to NE, and in such conditions vessels may find it preferable to lie or seek shelter elsewhere.

12. Anchorage, at position indicated on the chart, may be obtained 1¼ miles

NW of the harbour entrance in depth of 6 to 8 m, bottom sand and shells. The anchorage should only be used by vessels, waiting to enter the port and not tenable in strong onshore winds.

13. The recommended anchorage is located between the meridians of 1º 47' E

and 1º 48' E and between the Ridens de Calais and Ridens de la Rade. The holding ground, sand and shells, is reported to be good. In strong N wind, vessels unable to enter Calais may seek shelter off the SE coast of England, in either The Downs or Dungeness. Prohibited anchorage areas lie to the NW of the harbour entrance, and in the cable area off Sangatte.

14. Anchorage may be obtained in Westdiep in depths from 9 to 16 m, clear of

the cables shown on the chart. There is some protection from seaward provided by Banc Small and Neuwpoort Bank.

15. Grote Rede provides anchorage in depths from 8 to 10 m, sand and mud.

A good berth is 313º from Oostende Cathedral twin spires distant 2¾ miles. A second

anchorage, 5 cables to the SE, holding ground is indifferent, especially near the harbour entrance and it should only be used as a temporary anchorage for vessels about to enter harbour.

16. The anchorage is primarily intended for tankers and vessels carrying dan-

gerous cargoes, who should anchor W of W 8 light-buoy, but may be used by other vessels in an emergency. The holding ground is not good and the anchorage should not be used in bad weather. The limits of the anchorage are marked by light-buoys and buoys.

17. Wielingen South anchorage is general purpose anchorage, intended mainly

for vessels over 140 m in length waiting for the tide. The holding ground is not good and the anchorage should not be used in bad weather.

18. There is anchorage 2 miles ENE of the harbour entrance in depths of 8 m,

clear of Wielingen and the area in which anchoring and fishing is prohibited, 2½ miles E of the harbour entrance and shown on the chart. The latter area has been used for dumping explosives.

19. There is an anchorage area 5 miles ENE of Steenbank Pilot Station, which

is used by vessels waiting to enter Westerschelde. Depths in the area are greater than 20 m and the bottom is coarse sand and shells. The N corner of the area is marked by SB — W Light-buoy (W cardinal), and the S corner by SB Anchor S Light-buoy (spe- cial). Vessels intending to use this anchorage should inform Steenbank pilot vessel.

20. Everingen provides a good anchorage in its W part. Five anchor berths,

A to E, are shown on the chart. The berths may be used by any vessels, but A is normally reserved for gas carries or tankers not declared gas free.

21. Put van Terneuzen provides good anchorage for vessels when W winds

make anchorage in Rede van Vlissingen unsuitable. The anchorage may be used by vessels up to 290 in length. The berths are lettered A, B, and C.

22. Anchorage is not indicated on the chart and is normally used in emergency

lies in the red sector of Plaat Light-beacon. Depths within the anchorage are liable to change and there are strong tides.

23. Small craft anchorage is established on the W bank of the river running

1–3 miles SE from Imalso Yacht Harbour, with Saint Anna Pier situated centrally in the area. The E limit of the anchorage is marked by buoys and light-buoys (special) and the anchorage area also in the red sector of the light on Saint Anna Pier. The area is divided into three sections, whose limits are indicated by beacons on the W bank. The centre section is reserved for Government vessels.

24. DW1 is a long term anchorage for deep draught vessels on the NW side of

Noord Hinder Junction Precautionary Area. Vessels may remain at anchor in this area under the most extreme conditions. DW2 is a short term anchorage for deep draught

vessels waiting for the tide or a pilot. It lies in the center of Maas and is marked by light-buoys (special) at its NE and SW corners.

25. There is well sheltered anchorage in Wallet during SE and SW gales, with

the sands acting as breakwaters, leaving the sea smooth even when the banks are cov-

ered. A recommended berth is with Naze Tower bearing 354º, distant 3½miles in a depth

of 9 m, bottom clay. The cable should be given plenty of scope to prevent dragging.

26. Peterhead Bay offers an anchorage in depths up to 12,5 m. The best holding

ground is under the lee of the South Breakwater consisting of the sand over blue clay or mud with occasional boulders. While at anchor vessels must maintain a good lookout and continuous VHF radio watch and have their engines ready for immediate use.

27. Good anchorage, sheltered from NE winds is obtainable, but caution is

necessary, as a bank with depths of less than 5 m fronts the head of the bay and extends as much as 3 cables from the E and S shore. The NE shore is steep-to. The best berth is in depths of 34 m about 6 cables SSW of Dalyan Burnu, as shown on the chart. In this position there is slack water and good protection from the swell from Marmara Denizi.

28. The head of Erdek Limani provides capacious anchorage and is calm in all

except for SW winds. The holding ground is good everywhere, especially in the greater depths of the NW part. SW gales are rare in winter, but when they occur, are heavy.

29. Anchorage, with good holding ground in depths of between 18 and 36 m,

may be found anywhere inside a line joining the entrance points. The best anchorage is towards the SE corner, in depths of 26 m, mud and sand, with a chapel on a spur, N of Turan, bearing about 245º.

30. Anchorage, in good holding ground, may be obtained on the muddy bank

which extends for 2 miles off the mouth of Karacabey Bogazi. A convenient berth may be found in a depth of 13 m with the W entrance point bearing 234º.

31. Vessels may anchor in depths of 14 m, mud, with Adar Burnu bearing 168º,

distant 3¼ cables or in depths of 11 m, with the same point bearing 127º, distant 2¾ cables. Both these berths can be uncomfortable as they are exposed to the prevail-

ing NE wind, which often blows with considerable force. Shelter for small craft can be found in the N part of the harbour in depths of 5 m.

32. Tendrovskiy Zaliv provides good anchorage with shelter from all but NW

winds, which send in a considerable sea. The best berth is in depths of between 13 and 14 m, 1½ miles E of Tendrovskiy Light; stiff mud and large shells. Vessels can anchor close inshore, but should approach with caution as the shore is steep-to within 10 m.

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