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Файл:Морской английский для судоводителей = Maritime English for navigators. Учебное пособие
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61
2. Learn the Speech Pattern.
Vessels are warned against …
Суда предостерегают от…
1. Vessels are warned against anchoring in this position.
2. Vessels are warned against navigating in this area.
3. Vessels are warned against obstructing traffic during anchoring.
4. Vessels are warned against sailing in an inshore traffic zone.
5. Vessels are warned against crossing a separation line.
3. Make up your own sentences, using the following words.
Overtake, leave, turn, remain, jettison, pass, approach, enter.
4. Translate the following characteristics of the bottom.
1) a thin layer of weed;
2) thick yellow mud;
3) sand with a few patches of mud;
4) weed on clay and mud;
5) fine sand;
6) good holding ground;
7) bad holding ground;
8) foul ground;
9) boulders and weed;
10) rocky patches;
11) broken shells;
12) thick black mud;
13) excellent holding ground;
14) uncertain holding ground;
15) regular depths;
16) irregular depths;
17) even bottom;
18) uneven bottom;
19) sand and shingle;
20) sticky or stiff mud;
21) muddy bottom;
22) coarse sand and shells;
23) hard chalk;
24) indifferent holding ground.
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5. Give the English equivalents to the following.
1) защищенная якорная стоянка; 2) частный причал; 3) границы якорной
стоянки; 4) суда с большой осадкой; 5) вызывать сильное волнение моря;
6) место, предназначенное для разворота; 7) заметный объект; 8) заграждать
вход в порт; 9) требуется проявлять повышенную осторожность при сильном
ветре; 10) надежная якорная стоянка; 11) знание местных условий; 12) избегать
постановки на якорь; 13) становиться на якорь ближе к берегу; 14) свалка
взрывчатых веществ.
6. Translate the following into Russian; take into the account the use of the
Complex Subject.
1.The holding ground is reported to be bad in places. 2. The depths are reported to be somewhat greater than shown on the chart. 3. Good shelter from all winds is
reported to be abreast of the settlement. 4. The bottom is reported to consist of sand
and weed with rocky patches. 5. The anchorage is reported to be obtained off the village in a depth of 10 m. 6. Fishing boats are reported to shelter in a small cove.
7. The harbour is reported to be safe in all weathers. 8. The bend in the channel off
Bath is reported to be difficult for long and deep draft vessels. 9. The inner basin is
entered through locks on the E side of the marina, which are reported to fill and empty
rapidly.
7. Use the Passive Voice for the verbs in brackets.
1. The anchorage recently (to use) for local craft. 2. Anchorage can (to obtain)
in a depth of 29 m. 3. Anchorage should (to avoid) near the area of foul ground.
4. The best berth (to indicate) on the plan. 5. Violent gusts (to experience) during NE
winds. 6. The area within the mole (to dredge) in 1998. 7. The coast should not (to
approach) within a distance of 1 mile. 8. The coast (to fringe) by a narrow rocky
bank, which should (to give) a wide birth. 9. Mooring buoys (to lay) in the anchorage.
10. The buoys (to number) and (to light). 11. The anchorage (to expose) to full force
winds. 12. Anchoring also (to prohibit) in an irregular area stretching S to the shore
from a line joining Karang Pipa. 13. Anchorage areas (to permit) for various types of
vessels. 14. Vessels which cannot obtain an alongside berth (to moor) to buoys within
Outer Harbour at which an anchor (to use) usually. 15. Anchoring only (to undertake)
during daylight hours. 16. Good anchorage, in a depth of 7 m (to afford) for small
vessels anywhere in Teluk. 17. Anchorage (to limit) to vessels waiting to enter the
harbour. 18. Vessels (to advise) to anchor at slack water.
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8. Translate into Russian. Do it in writing.
1. The anchorage is exposed to full force of SE winds. 2. The anchorage may
accommodate ten vessels. 3. The anchorage is approached, by passing W of Nisis
Point. 4. To obtain anchorage local knowledge is necessary. 5. The anchorage is prohibited within 10 m of submarine cable. 6. Proceeding to the anchorage care must be
taken to avoid rocky shoal. 7. Small vessels can anchor closer inshore. 8. Depths in
the gulf are generally too great for anchoring. 9. Anchorage may be obtained as convenient on a bottom of firm sand. 10. The bottom is sand and the holding ground is
good. 11. Swinging room is very limited and the anchorage is exposed to winds between NE and E. 12. The Scirocco causes a rolling sea in the bay, but does not make
the anchorage untenable. 13. The berth is not very safe as the bottom slopes very
steepy to seaward. 14. For other than temporary anchorage the recommended berth is
off a short pier at K. 15. The holding ground is variable. 16. Small craft can obtain
sheltered anchorage in the lee of the harbour moles. 17. The anchorage is open between NE and SE, and the bottom of boulders and weed affords poor holding.
18. Heavy squalls sometimes blow through the valley at the SE head of the bay with
sufficient force to cause a vessel at anchor to drag. 19. The holding ground at the anchorage is only moderate, and it is essential to veer a good scope of a cable. 20. Anchorage may be obtained as convenient, taking care to avoid charted dangers lying as
much as 7 cables offshore. 21. The holding ground is excellent, and with ordinary
precautions, vessels never drag their anchors.
9. Answer the following questions.
1. What kinds of anchorages do you know?
2. What kinds of ground are considered good (bad) holding ground?
3. What do we mean by “local knowledge”?
4. What should be done if an anchor drags while anchoring?
5. When does a vessel moor to a mooring buoy?
6. Is anchoring dangerous with strong winds? Why?
7. What do we mean by ‘exposed anchorage’, ‘sheltered anchorage’, ‘temporary anchorage’?
8. Do you see the difference between ‘anchor drags’ and ‘anchor dredges’?
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10. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing.
1. Бухта предоставляет хорошую защиту при всех ветрах, за исключением
северо-западных.
2. Якорная стоянка может быть получена судами знакомыми с местными
условиями плавания.
3. Дальше от берега дно скалистое и непригодное для постановки на якорь.
4. Якорная стоянка здесь небезопасна даже при умеренном ветре, так как
грунт плохо держит якорь.
5. Далеко ли до якорной стоянки? Я хочу стать на якорь до наступления
темноты.
6. Это хорошая якорная стоянка для судов, ищущих укрытия во время
сильных северных ветров.
7. Имеется хорошая якорная стоянка на траверзе церкви в 3 кабельтовых
от берега.
8. Позиция якорной стоянки может быть хорошо видна на карте.
9. Судам не разрешается выходить за границы якорной стоянки.
10. Якорная стоянка запрещена из-за наличия подводного силового кабеля.
11. К якорной стоянке можно подойти с юго-запада по каналу Фариос.
12. Глубоководные суда при следовании на якорную стоянку должны
проявлять осторожность, чтобы обойти восьмиметровую отличительную глубину, лежащую в 1½ кабельтовых к северо-западу от острова.
13. Постановка на якорь в пределах границ порта запрещена без разреше-
ния администрации порта.
14. Якорная стоянка небезопасна при прижимном ветре (onshore wind).
15. При данных условиях целесообразно стать на якорь в северо-западной
части бухты.
11. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russian.
cS; soM; Cy; St; G.Co; P.Sh; f S.M.Sh; bkSh; sfM; mS.Wd; sy M.
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12. Describe the quality of the bottom given on the chart.
66
UNIT 5
DIRECTIONS
НАСТАВЛЕНИЯ
Vocabulary
access ['ækses] — подход; проход; доступ
accessible [ək' sesəbl] — доступный, удобный
adjust [ə'dʒ⋀st] — приводить в соответствие; регулировать
align [ə' lain] — приводить в створ
alignment [ə' lainmənt] — створ
appear [ə' piə] — появляться
artificial [a:ti' fi∫əl] — искусственный
border [' bɔ:də] — граница, край; граничить, окаймлять
chart datum [t∫a:t 'deitəm] — ноль карты, ноль глубин
degaussing [di: 'gausiŋ] — размагничивание (судна)
disappear [disə'piə] — исчезать
distinguish [dis'tiŋgwi∫] — различать
dyke [daik] — дамба
embark [im'ba:k] — производить посадку на судно
embarkation point — [emba: 'kei∫n] место посадки на судно
encumber [in'k⋀mbə] — заграждать; затруднять
estuary ['estjuəri] — устье; водоотвод
exceed [ik'si:d] — превышать
extend [iks'tend] — простираться
former ['fɔ:mə] — прежний; предшествующий
the former первый — (из двух названых)
foul ['faul] запутаться — (о кабеле, цепи, снасти); нечистый
identify [ai'dentifai] — определять
the latter ['lætə] — последний (из двух названых))
lead [li:d] — вести, приводить
leading line (lights) ['li:diŋ 'lain] — створная линия (- ые огни)
merge [mə:dʒ] — соединять (-ся)
narrow ['nærəu] — узкий; сужаться
obstruct [əb'str⋀kt] — заграждать
outfall [aut' fɔ:l] — устье
67
overlap [əuvə' læp] — перекрытие
precautionary area [pri'kɔ:∫nəri 'eəriə] — район повышенного внимания
reduce [ri' dju:s] — снижать
restricted visibility [ris'triktid vizi'biliti] — ограниченная видимость
restriction [ris'trik∫ən] — ограничение
route [ru:t] — маршрут
traffic flow (lane) ['tr æfik 'flou] — поток движения, (полоса движения)
whence [wens ] — откуда
run [r⋀n] — направляться
significant [sig'nifikənt] — значительный
speed [spi:d] — скорость
full s. [ful] — полный ход
reasonable s. ['ri:znəbl] — обоснованный ход, скорость
reduced s. [ri' dju:st] — уменьшенная скорость
safe s. [seif] — безопасная скорость
slow s. [sləu] — малая скорость, ход
survey ['sə:vei]— осмотр; обследование
thence [ðens] — оттуда; отсюда
track [træk] — путь; курс
via ['vaiə] — через
Other expressions
to bear in mind — помнить; иметь в виду
to cause a heavy scend — вызывать сильную вертикальную качку
favourable time — удобное время
general direction of traffic flow — общее направление потока движения
impede the entry of a vessel — затруднять вход судна
it’s practicable — практически возможно
separation zone — зона разделения
signals prescribed in Rule — cигналы, предписанные правилом
to comply with — исполнять (требования); соответствовать
to give way to other vessels — уступать путь другому судну
to impede the safe passage — затруднять безопасное прохождение
to relieve — сменять, освобождать
to report smb.’s intentions — сообщать чьих-либо намерениях
to show appropriate signals — выставлять соответствующие сигналы
vessel constrained by her draft — судно, стесненное своей осадкой
to cause a heavy scend — вызывать сильную вертикальную качку
68
Memorize the translation of the following sentences
1. Bring the tower to bear 23º. — Привести башню на пеленг 23º.
2. Care must be taken to avoid this shoal! — Следует принять меры, чтобы
обойти эту мель!
3. Course should be steered for this light! — Следует держать курс на этот
огонь!
4. Keep abeam (abreast)! — Держитесь на траверзе!
5. Keep closer to the shore! — Держитесь ближе к берегу!
6. Keep further from the shore! — Держитесь дальше от берега!
7. Keep an offing! — Держитесь вдали от берега!
8. Keep to the starboard side of the fairway! — Держитесь правой стороны
фарватера!
9. Keep the light open! — Держитесь в пределах сектора освещенного огня
(маяка)!
10. Keep the objects in line! — Держите объекты в створе!
11. Keep this mark astern! — Держите этот знак по корме!
12. Proceed with this mark astern! — Следуйте, имея этот знак по корме!
13. Soundings cannot be depended on! — Глубины недостоверны (на глуби-
ны нельзя полагаться)!
14. Steer for the tower! — Держите курс на башню!
15. The fairway must be steered for! — Следует править по фарватеру!
Word building
Positive meaning
Negative meaning
able
appear
assemble
charge
comfort
connect
count
embark
engage
join
obey
order
unite
use
disable
disappear
disassemble
discharge
discomfort
disconnect
discount
disembark
disengage
disjoin
disobey
disorder
disunite
disuse
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Exercises
1. Read and interpret the extracts from pilot-books below.
1. From a position off the rocky peninsula of Buchan Ness the coastal passage
leads 22 miles SSW running parallel to the coast, to the Fairway Light-buoy off the
entrance to Aberdeen Harbour, passing ESE of Ward Point (4 miles SSW) , the N entrance point of Bay of Cruden. Castle ruins lie close N from Slains Lodge, a large
rectangular building stands 7½ cables N of the point.
2. There is usually 3–4 m over Newburgh Bar but the channel is constantly
changing and should not be attempted without local knowledge. From a position
about 1 mile ENE of Downie Point the route leads WSW within the white sector of
the Outer Breakwater Light (post, 2 m in height), passing SSE of a 4 m shoal (3 cables
ENE); thence: about 1 cable NNW of Downie Point rocky ledges run WSW of the point.
3. The entrance channel is marked by beacons. The alignment (358º) of the
leading lights leads through the harbour entrance, which lies between the W pier and
the E breakwater.
4. The alignment (271 ½º) of the leading lights leads to the harbour entrance
and through the outer part of the narrow channel, passing N of Scurdie Ness Lighthouse (6,5 cables ESE) and the front beacon (5 cables ESE) marking the clearing
bearing for Scurdie Rocks. The coast to the W of Scurdie Ness is fringed by shingle
and rocky ledges, up to a cable offshore.
Scurdie Ness Lighthouse
(Original dated prior to 1990)
5. From the vicinity of fairway Light-buoy (safe water) the route leads SW
thence W to a position in the channel S of Buddon Ness, passing over The Bar
(3 miles ENE), passing between Middle Light-buoys (port hand and starboard hand),
which are 2½ cables apart, thence NW of Elbow (92 miles SE), spit extending
3 miles ENE from Abertay Sands, with depths of less than 5 m.
70
6. From a position NNE of Long Pier the approach lies close to the SE of the
pierhead, about 16 m off, thence close S of Long Pier and parallel to it and to the N of
the ledges on the S side of the channel.
7. The harbour entrance, 24 m wide, faces N and has depths of 5 m at HW
springs. The approach to the entrance is on a track of 160º passing close W of Corsik
Rock which lies 2 cables NNE of E pierhead.
8. The entrance, between two curved piers, is 19 m wide facing NW and has
depths of 4 m at HW springs. There is unmarked approach channel with depths of
3 m and a light tower on the E pierhead.
9. Channel for vessels of less than 10 m draught commences close S of Fairway
Light-buoy and runs 4½ miles SW through South Channel and Narrow Deep to a position SE of Inchkeith Lighthouse, passing NW of the South Channel Approach
Light-buoy (safe water).
10. Vessels bound for Granton should approach through South Channel and
Narrow Deep, as for Leith, passing to the N of Leith Approach Light-buoy (port
hand) and thence S of the small vessel anchorage to a position N of the harbour entrance. Thence the route is S, passing E of the long sea outfall marked at its seaward
end by a buoy (white can, X topmark), to the harbour entrance.
11. From the deep draught channel immediately S of Burntisland, the route
leads N for 1,1 miles to the harbour entrance, passing through the anchorage at reduced speed, thence E of the degaussing ranges. Vessels bound for West Dock should
be under way before half-flood, and be ready to enter as soon as required, otherwise
the Harbour Master must be informed.
12. From a position at the W end of the approach channel the track leads 3 cables SW between the protecting approach jetties and thence to the lock entrance. The
lock is 238 m long, 31 m wide and lies on a charted axis 062º/242º.
From a position close E of Maw Carr (150 m NNW of the entrance), a reddish
rock with vertical sides, the alignment of the leading lights within the harbour leads
to harbour entrance.
13. When approaching from the S the line of bearing 300ºof Black Rocks Point
Light, which is also the left hand limit of a green sector of the light, passes NE of
Carr End and Southern Rock.
14. From a position in Alnmouth Bay to the NNE of the entrance the line of
bearing 190º of the spire leads to a position ENE of the entrance, passing through the
anchorage, thence: W of Pan Bush (6½ cables NNE), a rocky shoal which lies at the
N end of a rocky spit.
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