Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:История английского языка в таблицах (На английском языке). Учебное пособие
.pdf
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
faran (to go)
fōr
fōron
faren
wascan (to wash)
wōsc
wōscon
wascen
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
hebban (to heave)
hōf
hōfon
hafen
hliehhan (to laugh)
hlōʒ
hlōʒon
hlæʒen
sceþþan (to harm)
scōþ
scōdon
sceaden
scie(y)pan (to shape)
scōp
scōpon
sceapen
stæppan (to step)
stōp
stōpon
stapen
swerian (to swear)
swōr
swōron
swaren
flēan (to flay)
flōʒ
flōʒon
flæʒen
lēan (to blame)
lōʒ
lōʒon
laʒen
hon (to hang)
henʒ
henʒon
hanʒen
þwēan (to wash)
þwōʒ
þwōʒon
þwæʒen
slean (to kill)
slōʒ
slōʒon
slāʒen
standan (to stand)
stōd
stōdon
standen
wæcnan (to awake)
wōc
wōcon
wōcen
CLASS VI
Other examples: awakan (to awake), bacan (to bake), draʒan (to drag), hladan
(to lade), ʒalan (to sing), ʒnaʒan (to gnaw), ʒrafan (to dig), wadan (to walk)
Class VI strong: scacan (to shake)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 scace ¦scōc
2 scacest scace scac ¦scōce scōce
3 scaceþ ¦scōc
Plural
scacaþ scacen 2 scacaþ ¦scōcon scōcen
Infinitive Participle
61
Present Past
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
blondan (to blend)
blend
blendon
blonden
lācan (to jump)
lecan
lecon
lācen
rædan (to read)
red
redon
ræden
scadan (to divide)
sced
scedon
scaden
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
healdan (to hold)
hēold
hēoldon
healden
feallan (to fall)
feoll
feollon
feallen
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
cnāwan (to know)
cnēow
cnēowon
cnāwen
flōwan (to flow)
flēow
flēowon
flowen
hlēapan (to leap)
hlēop
hlēopon
hlēapen
wēpan (to weep)
wēop
wēopon
wēpen
scacan I scacende II ʒescacen
CLASS VII
Class VII a)
Other examples: ondrædan (to fear), lætan to (let), slæpan (to sleep)
Class VII b)
Other examples: fealdan (to fold), healdan (to hold), sealtan (to salt),
sponnan (to span), wealcan (to roll)
Class VII c)
Other examples: bēatan (to beat), blōwan (to flourish), crāwan (to crow),
ʒ
rōwan (to grow), hēawan (to hew), hlōwan (to low), māwan (to mow),
rāwan (to urn), rōwan (to row), sāwan (to sow), spōwan (to flourish)
62
Class VII (a) strong - fōn (to catch)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 fō - ¦ fenʒ
2 fēhst fō fōh ¦ fenʒe fenʒe
3 fēhþ - ¦ fenʒ
Plural
fōþ fōn 2 fōþ ¦ fenʒon fenʒen
Infinitive Participle
fōn I fōnde II ʒefanʒen, ʒefonʒen
Class VII (b) strong - wealdan (to wield)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 wealde - ¦ weold
2 wealdest wealde weald ¦ weolde weolde
3 wealdeþ - ¦ weold
Plural
wealdaþ wealden 2 wealdaþ ¦ weoldon weolden
Infinitive Participle
wealdan I wealdende II ʒewealden
Class VII (c) strong - blāwan (to blow)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
Present Past
Present Past
1 blāwe - ¦ blēow
2 blāwest blāwe blāw ¦ blēowe blēowe
3 blāweþ - ¦ blēow
Plural
blāwaþ blāwen 2 blāwaþ ¦ blēowon blēowen
Infinitive Participle
blāwan I blāwende II ʒeblāwen
63
Present
Past
Singular
(infinitive stem
+)
Plural
(infinitive
stem +)
Singular
Plural
(past plural
stem +)
1st person
(I, we)
-e
-aþ
Past singular
stem
-on
2nd person
(thou, you)
-est
-aþ
Past plural stem
+ -e
-on
3rd person
(he, she,
they)
-eþ
-aþ
Past singular
stem
-on
Subjunctive
-e
-en
Past plural stem
+ -e
-en
Imperative
infinitive
stem
-aþ
Participle I:
Infinitive stem + -ende
Participle II:
ʒe- + Past Plural stem + -en
GENERAL TABLE OF OLD ENGLISH VERB ENDINGS
FORMATION OF PARTICIPLES:
64
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
dēman (to judge)
dēmde
dēmdon
dēmed
hīeran (to hear)
hīerde
hīerdon
hīered
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
When the suffix is preceded by a voiceless consonant the ending changes
cēpan (to keep)
cēpte
cēpton
cēpt / cēped
ʒrētan (to greet)
ʒrētte
ʒrētton
ʒrēt / ʒrēted
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
If the verb stem ends in consonant plus d or t:
sendan (to send)
sende
sendon
send / sended
restan (to rest)
reste
reston
rest / rested
OLD ENGLISH WEAK VERBS
CLASS I
Regular weak verbs
Other examples: berian (beat), byldan (build), clynnan (sound), cnyssan (to
push), dræfan (drive), derian (harm), dynnan (resound), dryʒean (dry), efstan
(hurry), erian (plough), fēran (go), ferian (go), fysan (hurry), fremman (to
commit), hīepan (heap), herian (praise), hrissan (tremble), hlynnan (roar),
ʒremman (be angry), læran (teach), mētan (to meet), nerian (to save),
sceþþan (harm), styrian (to stir), wecʒean (move), wendan (turn), wennan
(accustom), wyscean (wish)
65
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
brinʒan (to bring)
brōhte
brōhton
brōht
bycʒan (to buy)
bohte
bohton
boht
cwellan (to kill)
cwealde
cwealdon
cweald
sēcan (to seek)
sōhte
sōhton
sōht
sellan (to give)
sealde
sealdon
seald
ræcan (to reach)
rāhte
rāhton
rāht
tæcan (to teach)
tāhte
tāhton
tāht
tellan (to tell)
tealde
tealdon
teald
þencan (to think)
þōhte
þōhton
þōht
wyrcan (to work)
worhte
worhton
worht
Irregular weak verbs
Class I weak regular - styrian (stir)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 styrie ¦styrede
2 styrest styrie styre ¦styredest styrede
3 styreþ ¦styrede
Plural
styriaþ styrien 2 styriaþ ¦styredon styreden
Infinitive Participle
styrian I styriende II ʒestyred
Class I weak irregular - tellan (tell)
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
Present Past
Present Past
1 telle ¦ tealde
2 tellest telle tele, tell ¦ tealdest tealde
3 telleþ ¦ tealde
Plural
tellaþ tellen 2 tellaþ ¦ tealdon tealden
Infinitive Participle
tellan I tellende II ʒeteald
66
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
hopian (to hope)
hopode
hopodon
hopod
lufian (to love)
lufode
lufodon
lufod
macian (to make)
macode
macodon
macod
CLASS II
Other examples: lofian (praise), stician (pierce), eardian (dwell), scēawian
(look), weorþian (honour), wundrian (wonder), fæstnian (fasten), mærsian
(glorify)
Class II weak - lufian (love)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
Sg. 1 lufie ¦ lufode
2 lufast lufie lufa ¦ lufodest lufode
3 lufaþ ¦ lufode
Plural
lufiaþ lufien 2 lufiaþ ¦ lufodon lufoden
Infinitive Participle
lufian I lufiende II ʒelufod
67
Infinitive
Past Singular
Past Plural
Participle II
fēoʒ (e)an (to hate)
fēode
fēodon
fēod
frēoʒ (e)an (to free)
frēode
frēodon
frēod
habban (to have)
hæfde
hæfdon
hæfd
hycʒ (e)an (to think)
hoʒde
hoʒdon
hoʒod
libban (to live)
lifde
lifdon
lifd
secʒ (e)an (to say)
sæʒde
sæʒdon
sæʒd
smēaʒ (e)an (to think)
smēade
smēadon
smēad
þrēaʒ (e)an (to threaten)
þrēade
þrēadon
þrēad
CLASS III
Class III weak - habban (have)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 hæbbe ¦ hæfde
2 hafast hæbbe hafa ¦ hæfdest hæfden
3 hafaþ ¦ hæfde
Plural
habbaþ 2 habbaþ hæfdon ¦ hæfden
Infinitive Participle
habban I hæbbende II ʒehæfd
Negative particle ne coalesces with verb forms:
68
ne habban = nabban, ne hafde = næfde
Class III weak - secʒan (say)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 secʒe ¦ sæʒde
2 sæʒst secʒe sæʒe ¦ sæʒdest sæʒde
3 sæʒþ ¦ sæʒde
Plural
secʒaþ secʒen 2 secʒaþ ¦ sæʒdon sæʒden
Infinitive Participle
secʒan I secʒende II ʒesæʒd
Class III weak - libban (live)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative ¦ Indicative Subjunctive
Singular
1 libbe ¦ lifde
2 liofast libbe liofa ¦ lifdest lifde
3 liofaþ ¦ lifde
Plural
libbaþ 2 libben libbaþ ¦lifdon lifden
Infinitive Participle
libban I libbende II ʒelifd
69
Present Tense
Past Tense
generated from the Past Tense of
Strong verbs
generated from the Past Tense of
Weak verbs
Infinitive
Present
Past
Participle
II
Ablaut
pattern
(class of
strong
verbs)
Modern
English
forms
Singular
Plural
aʒan
āʒ
āʒon
āhte
āʒen
1
owe,
own
(from
part.II,
āgen),
ought
witan
wāt
witon
wiste
(wisse)
witen /
ʒewiten
1
to wit
duʒan
dēaʒ
duʒon
– – 2
cunnan
can(n)
cunnon
cūðe
cunnen /
cūþ
3
can /
could
OLD ENGLISH PRETERITE - PRESENT VERBS
70
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]