Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:История английского языка в таблицах (На английском языке). Учебное пособие
.pdf
CASE
Singular
XII century
XIV century
Nominative
name
name
Genetive
namen
names
Dative
namen
name
Accusative
namen
name
Plural
Nominative
namen
names
Genetive
namen(e)
names
Dative
namen
names
Accusative
namen
names
Period
a-stem
ō-stem
u-stem
n-stem
s-stem
Old
English
-as
-u
-a
-a
-an
-u
Middle
English
-es
-e
-e
-e
-en
-e
n-stem
GENERAL TABLE OF PLURAL ENDINGS
101
1st Person
Case
Singular
Plural
Middle
English
Early New
English
Middle
English
Early New
English
Nominative
ich / I
I
we
we
Objective
(from OE
Accusative
+ Dative)
me
me
us
us
Possessive
(from OE
Genetive)
myn(e)/my
my/mine
our(e) / ours
our, ours
2nd Person
Case
Singular
Plural
Middle
English
Early New
English
Middle
English
Early New
English
Nominative
thou / thow
thou / ye
ye
you / ye
Objective
(from OE
Accusative
+ Dative)
thee
thee / you
you
you
Possessive
(from OE
Genetive)
thyn(e) / thy
thy / your /
thine /
yours
your(e) /
yours
your, yours
MIDDLE & EARLY NEW ENGLISH PRONOUN
PERSONAL & POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
102
3rd Person
Case
Singular
Plural
Middle
English
Early New
English
Middle
English
Early New
English
Nominative
he (m.)
he / she (f.)
hit / it (n.)
he (m.)
he /she (f.)
hit /it (n.)
hie /they
they
Objective
(from OE
Accusative
+ Dative)
him (m.)
hir(e)/him/her(f.)
it (n.)
him (m.)
her (f.)
it (n.)
hem /
them
them
Possessive
(from OE
Genetive)
his (m.)
her(e) / his (f.)
hir (n.)
his (m.)
her (f.)
his/its (n.)
her(e) /
their(e)
their, theirs
Case
Nominative
Objective
Genetive
who
whom
whose
Period
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
OE
Early
MidE
MidE
(14thc)
þēs þēos þis þās þæt þā
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
thēs this thos [θɔ:s] that tho
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
↓ ↓ --------------------------------
---------------------------------------- ↓ ↓
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
this thes [θe:s] that thos [θɔ:s]
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
103
Singular
Plural
Strong
blind
blinde
Weak
blinde
blinde
Absolutive
Comparative
Superlative
old
elder
eldest
long
lenger
longest
strong
strenger
strengest
SUPPLETIVE FORMS
Absolutive
Comparative
Superlative
Old
English
Middle
English
Old
English
Middle
English
Old
English
Middle
English
ʒōd
good
betera
bett(e)re
betst
best
yfel
veil
wiersa
werse
wiersta
werst
micel
muchel/
much
māra
mōre
mæst
meast/
moost
lўtel
litel
læssa
lasse
læst
leest
MIDDLE & EARLY NEW ENGLISH
ADJECTIVE
DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES IN
LATE MIDDLE ENGLISH
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
104
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i:]
[ɔ:]
[i]
[i]
driven
sliden
risen
writen
drov
slod
ros
wrot
driven
sliden
risen
writen
driven
sliden
risen
writen
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[e:]
[ε:]
[ɔ:]
[ɔ:]
chesen
fresen
sheten
ches
fres
shet
chosen
frozen
shoten
chosen
frozen
shoten
MIDDLE ENGLISH &
EARLY NEW ENGLISH VERB
STRONG VERBS IN XII-XIVcenturies
I CLASS
II CLASS
105
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[e]
[a]
[u]
[o]
helpen
swellen
sterven
smerten
halp
swall
starf
smart
hulpen
swullen
sturven
smurten
holpen
swollen
storven
smorten
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i:]
[a:]
[u:]
[u:]
finden
binden
climben
fand / fond
band / bond
clomb
founden
bounden
cloumben
founden
bounden
cloumben
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[ε:]
[a]
[ε:]
[ɔ:]
beren
stelen
bar
stal
beren
stelen
boren
stolen
III CLASS
106
IV CLASS
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[ε:] / [i]
[a]
[ε:]
[ε:] / [i]
speken
yiven
sitten
spak
yav
sat
speken
yeven
seten
speken
yiven
seten
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[a:]
[o:]
[o:]
[a:]
shaken
taken
shok
tok
shoken
token
shaken
taken
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[ɔu]
[eu]
[eu]
[ɔu]
blowen
knowen
blew
knew
blewen
knewen
blowen
knowen
V CLASS
VI CLASS
VII CLASS
107
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[a]
[e:] > [e]
[e:] > [e]
[a]
fallen
fell
fellen
fallen
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[ɔ:]
[e:]
[e:]
[ɔ:]
holden
folden
held
feld
helden
felden
holden
folden
Infinitive,
Participle I
Present
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[ε:]
[e:]
[e:]
[ε:]
beten
bet
beten
beten
108
TRANSITION OF STRONG VERBS INTO WEAK
Clas
s
Old English
Early New English
Infinitiv
e
Past
Participl
e II
Infinitiv
e
Past
Participl
e II
Singula
r
Plural
I
grīpan
glīdan
grāp
glād
gripon
glidon
gripen
gliden
to grip
to glide
grippe
d
glided
gripped
glided
II
būgan
lūcan
crēopan
lēogan
bēag
lēac
crēap
lēag
bugon
lucon
crupon
lugen
bogen
locen
cropen
logen
to bow
to lock
to creep
to lie
bowed
locked
crept
lied
bowed
locked
crept
lied
III
climban
helpan
steorfan
beorcan
ceorfan
clomb
healp
stearf
bearc
cearf
clumbo
n
hulpon
sturfon
burcon
curfon
clumben
holpen
storfen
borcen
corfen
to climb
to help
to starve
to bark
to carve
climbe
d
helped
starved
barked
carved
climbed
helped
starved
barked
carved
IV
cnedan
cnæd
cnǽdon
cneden
to knead
kneade
d
kneaded
VI
bacan
wascan
bōc
wōsc
bōcon
wōscon
bacen
wascen
to bake
to wash
baked
washed
baked
washed
VII
crāwan
fēaldan
walkan
hlēapan
crēow
fēold
wēolk
hlēop
crēowo
n
fēoldon
wēolko
n
hlēopo
n
crāwan
fēalden
wealken
hlēapen
to crow
to fold
to walk
to leap
crowed
folded
walked
leaped
crowed
folded
walked
leaped
131
STRONG VERBS
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i:] > [ai]
[o:] > [ou]
[ou]
[i]
to drive
to rise
drove → drove
rose → rose
driven
risen
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i:] > [ai]
[i]
[i]
[i]
to bite
to slide
bit ← bit
slid ← slid
bitten
slid
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[o:] > [u:]
[ou]
[ou]
[ɔ:] > [ou]
to choose
chose ←--------chose ← chosen
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[e:] > [i:]
[ou]
[ou]
[ou]
to freeze
froze ←------------froze ← frozen
IN XVI-XVIII centuries
CLASS I
CLASS II
131
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]