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Файл:История английского языка в таблицах (На английском языке). Учебное пособие
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Feminine
Singular
Nominative
lufu (love)
tiʒol (brick)
Genetive
lufe
tiʒole
Dative
lufe
tiʒole
Accusative
lufe
tiʒole
Plural
Nominative
lufa
tiʒola
Genetive
lufa
tiʒola
Dative
lufum
tiʒolum
Accusative
lufa
tiʒola
ō-stems
Examples of ō-stems:
caru (care), sceamu (shame), ondswaru (worry), fōr (journey), lār
(instruction), sorʒ (sorrow), þrāʒ (season), ides (woman), swaþu (trace)
31
Feminine
Singular
Nominative
æx (axe)
brycʒ (bridge)
Genetive
æxe
brycʒe
Dative
æxe
brycʒe
Accusative
æxe
brycʒe
Plural
Nominative
æxa
brycʒa
Genetive
æxa
brycʒa
Dative
æxum
brycʒum
Accusative
æxa
brycʒa
Feminine
Singular
Nominative
nearu (need)
sceadu (shadow)
Genetive
nearwe
sceadwe
Dative
nearwe
sceadwe
Accusative
nearwe
sceadwe
Plural
Nominative
nearwa
sceadwa
Genetive
nearwa
sceadwa
Dative
nearuwum
sceadwum
Accusative
nearuwa
sceadwa
jō-stems
Examples of jō-stems:
sibb (peace), ecʒ (a blade), secʒ (a sword), hild (fight)
wō-stems
Examples of wō-stems: beadu (battle), læs (beam)
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Masculine
Neuter
Feminine
Singular
Nominative
siʒe (victory)
hyll (hill)
sife (sieve)
hyd (hide)
Genetive
siʒes
hylles
sifes
hyde
Dative
siʒe
hylle
sife
hyde
Accusative
siʒe
hyll
sife
hyde
Plural
Nominative
siʒeas
hyllu
sifu
hyda
Genetive
siʒea
hylla
sifa
hyda
Dative
siʒum
hyllum
sifum
hydum
Accusative
siʒeas
hyllu
sifu
hyda
Plural
Nominative
Dene
Mierce
Seaxe
Enʒle
Genetive
Dena
Miercna
Seaxna
Enʒla
Dative
Denum
Miercum
Seaxum
Enʒlum
Accusative
Dene
Mierce
Seaxe
Enʒle
i-stems
The tribes and nations were usually of this very type, and were used
always in plural: Enʒle (the Angles), Seaxe (the Saxons), Mierce (the
Mercians), Norþymbre (the Northumbrians), Dene (the Danish)
Examples of i-stems:
Masculine: mere (sea), mete (food), dæl (part), ʒiest (guest),
drync (drink)
Neuter: spere (spear); flask (flesh)
Feminine: cwēn (woman), wiht (thing)
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Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Nominative
sunu (son)
duru (door)
Genetive
suna
dura
Dative
suna
dura
Accusative
sunu
duru
Plural
Nominative
suna
dura
Genetive
suna
dura
Dative
sunum
durum
Accusative
suna
dura
u-stems
Examples of u-stems:
Masculine: wudu (wood), medu (honey), weald (forest),
sumor (summer), feld (field)
Feminine: nosu (nose), flōr (floor), hand (hand)
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Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Singular
Nominative
nama (name)
cwene (woman)
ēāʒe (eye)
Genetive
naman
cwenan
ēāʒan
Dative
naman
cwenan
ēāʒan
Accusative
naman
cwenan
ēāʒe
Plural
Nominative
naman
cwenan
ēāʒan
Genetive
namena
cwenena
ēāʒena
Dative
namum
cwenum
ēāʒum
Accusative
naman
cwenan
ēāʒan
n-stems
Examples of n-stems:
Masculine: guma (man), wita (wizard), steorra (star),
mōna (moon), dēma (judge)
Feminine: eorþe (earth), heorte (heart), sunne (sun)
Neuter: ēāre (ear)
35
root-stems
Masculine Feminine
Singular
(man) (foot) (tooth) | (book) (goose) (mouse) (burg)
N. mann fōt tōþ | bōc ʒōs mūs burʒ
G. mannes fōtes tōþes | bōce ʒōse mūse burʒe
D. menn fēt tēþ | bēc ʒēs mўs byriʒ
A. mann fōt tōþ | bōk ʒōs mūs burʒ
Plural
N. menn fēt tēþ | bēc ʒēs mўs byriʒ
G. manna fōta tōþa | bōca ʒōsa mūsa burʒa
D. mannum fōtum tōþum| bōcum ʒōsum mūsum burʒum
A. menn fēt tēþ | bēc ʒēs mўs byriʒ
Neuter
Singular
(clothes) (ale)
N. scrūd ealu
G. scrūdes ealoþes
D. scrўd ealoþ
A. scrūd ealu
Plural
N. scrūd ealu
G. scrūda ealeþa
D. scrūdum ealum
A. scrūd ealu
Examples of root-stems:
Feminine: āc (oak), brōc (breeches), cū (cow), dunʒ (dungeon), ēa
(water), furh (furrow), ʒāt (goat), ʒrut (gruel), hnutu (nut), lūs (a louse),
mæʒþ (girl), niht (night), sulh (plough), turf (turf), þrul (a basket),
wīfman, wimman (woman), wlōh (seam)
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Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Nominative
fæder
(father)
brōþor
(brother)
mōdor
(mother)
sweostor
(sister)
Genetive
fæder (es)
brōþor
mōdor
sweostor
Dative
fæder
brēþer
mēder
sweostor
Accusative
fæder
brōþor
mōdor
sweostor
Plural
Nominative
fæderas
brōþor
mōdru
sweostor
Genetive
fædera
brōþra
mōdra
sweostra
Dative
fæderum
brōþrum
mōdrum
sweostrum
Accusative
fæderas
brōþor
mōdru, -a
sweostor
Singular
Nominative
cild (child)
cealf (calf)
Genetive
cildes
cealfes
Dative
cilde
cealfe
Accusative
cild
cealf
Plural
Nominative
cildru
cealfru
Genetive
cildra
cealfra
Dative
cildrum
cealfrum
Accusative
cildru
cealfru
R-stems
S-stems
Examples of s-stems: lamb (lamb), æʒ (egg)
37
Strong declension (a, ja, wa, ō, jō, wō, i -stems)
Masculine
Neuter
Feminine
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Nominative
-
-as
-
-u (-)
-
-a
Genetive
-es
-a
-es
-a
-e
-a
Dative
-e
-um
-e
-um
-e
-um
Accusative
-
-as
-
-u (-)
-e
-a
Weak declension
u-stems
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Nominative
-a (Masculine)
-e (Feminine)
-e (Neuter)
-an
-u -a
Genetive
-an
-ena
-a
-a
Dative
-an
-um
-a
-um
Accusative
-an (Masculine)
-an (Feminine)
-e (Neuter)
-an
-u -a
GENERAL TABLE OF OLD ENGLISH NOUN ENDINGS
38
Flexion
Grammatical
categories
Examples
–AS
Nominative,
Masculine,
a-stem
earm (an arm), helm (a helmet),
hrin (a ring), mūþ (a mouth), etc.
–U
(later
variants –
O, –A)
Nominative /
Accusative,
Neuter,
a-stem
scip (ship), hēafod (head), bæð (bath),
blæd (blade), cliff (cliff), col (coal), fæt (vat),
lim (limb), (ʒe)writ (writ), etc.
ZERO
Nominative /
Accusative,
Neuter,
a-stem
weorc (work), land (land), scēp (sheep),
hors (horse), swīn (swine), wīf (wife),
þinʒ (thing), bān (bone), wundor (wonder),
hūs (house), sweord (sword), wæpen
(weapon), net(t) (net), ʒēar (year), bed(d)
(bed), etc.
–A
(Angl. –E)
Nominative /
Accusative,
Feminine,
ō-stem
syn(n) (sin), healf (half), glōf (glove), heall
(hall), nædl/nēdl (needle), mīl (mile), sāwol
(soul), stræt/ strēt (street), wund (wound),
lagu (law), hen(n) (hen), brycʒ (bridge), etc.
–E / –A
Nominative /
Accusative,
Feminine,
i-stem
dæd/dēd (deed), bryd (bride), cwēn
(queen), tīd (tide), etc.
–AN
Nominative /
Accusative,
consonantal
stem
(n-nouns)
masculine: nama (name), oxa (ox), bera
(bear), crabba (crab), frogga (frog), snaca
(snake), cnapa/cnafa (knave), boga (bow),
mona (moon), steorra (star), þūma (thumb)
neuter: ēāʒe (eye), ēāre (ear)
feminine: čyr(i)če (church), tunʒe (tongue),
heorte (heart), eorðe (earth), sunne (sun),
wid(e)we (widow), bēō (bee), nædre
(adder), swealwe (swallow)
PLURAL INFLECTIONS OF NOUNS
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ZERO
(or –U/–O)
Nominative /
Accusative,
(r-nouns)
brōþor (brother), mōdor (mother),
dohtor (daughter), sweostor (sister)
–RU
Nominative /
Accusative,
original
–iz/-uz nouns
čild (child),
cealf/cælf (calf),
æʒ (egg), etc.
UMLAUT
Nominative /
Accusative,
root class
masculine : man(n) (man) - menn,
fōt (foot) - fæt/fēt, tōð (tooth) - tæð/ tēð,
wīfman (woman) - wīfmen
feminine: neaht/niht (night) - nўht ,
bōk (book) - bēc, ʒōs (goose) - ʒæs/ʒēs,
lūs (louse) - lўs, mūs (mouse) - mўs,
cū (cow) - cў/cўe, ʒāt (goat) - ʒæt,
hnutu (nut) - hnyte
BORROWED WORDS
formular – formulæ, curriculum – curricula, etc.
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