Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:История английского языка в таблицах (На английском языке). Учебное пособие
.pdf
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i]
[a] > [æ]
[æ]
[u] > [Λ]
to begin
to drink
began → began
drank → drank
begun
drunk
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i]
[Λ]
[u] > [Λ]
[u] > [Λ]
to cling
to win
clung ← clung
won ← won
clung
won
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i:] > [ai]
[au]
[u:] > [au]
[u:] > [au]
to bind
to find
bound ← bound
found ← found
bound
found
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[εə] / [i:]
[ei] / [εə]
[ei] / [εə]
[ɔ:] / [ou]
to bear
to steal
bare
stale
bare
stale
bor(e)n
stolen
CLASS III (a)
CLASS III (b)
CLASS III (c)
CLASS IV
111
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i] / [i:]
[ei] / [e]
[ei] / [e]
[i] / [i:]
to give
to eat
gave ← gave
ate ← ate [et]
given
eaten
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[i]
[æ]
[æ]
[æ]
to sit
sat → sat
sat
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Singular
Plural
[a:] > [ei]
[o:] > [u]
[o:] > [u]
[a:] > [ei]
to shake
to take
shook
took
shook
took
shaken
taken
CLASS V (a)
CLASS V (b)
CLASS VI
112
MidE
Early NE
Infinitive
finde(n)
find
Present Tense
Indicative
Singular
1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
finde
findest/findes
findeth/findes
finde(n)/findeth/findes
find
findest
finds/findeth
find
Subjunctive
Singular
Plural
finde
finde(n)
find
find
Imperative
find(e)
findeth/finde
find
Participle I
finding(e)/-ende
/findind(e)/findand (e)
finding
Past Tense
Indicative
Singular
1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
fand
founde/fand/fandes
fand
founde(n)
found
found
found
found
Subjunctive
Singular
Plural
founde
founde(n)
found
found
Participle II
founden
found
CONJUGATION OF STRONG VERBS
113
Class
XII century
XIV century
Infinitive
Past plural
Infinitive
Past plural
I
beleven
belevden
beleeve
beleev(e)de
II
loken
lokeden
looke
look(e)de
III
liven
livden
live
liv(e)de
Class
XII century
XIV century
Infinitive
Past
Participle
II
Infinitive
Past
Participle
II
I
-en
-den
-(e)d
-e
-(e)de
-(e)d
II
-en
-eden
-ed
-e
-(e)de
-(e)d
III
-en
-den
-d
-e
-(e)de
-(e)d
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
XIII century
setten
sette
set(t)
XIV century
sette
sette
set(t)
XV century
set(t)
set(t)
set(t)
XVI century
set
set
set
WEAK VERBS
GENERAL TABLE OF ENDINGS
FORMATION OF UNCHANGEABLE WEAK VERBS
114
Middle English
Early New English
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
chiden
hidden
diggen
chidde
hidde
diggede
chidd
hidd
digged
to chide
to hide
to dig
chid
hid
dug
chidden
hidden
dug
MidE
Early NE
Infinitive
looke(n)
look
Present Tense
Indicative
Singular 1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
looke
looke
looketh/lookes
looke(n)/looketh/lookes
look
lookest
looks/ looketh
look
Subjunctive
Singular
Plural
looke
looke(n)
look
look
Imperative
look(e)/looketh/looke
look
Participle I
looking(e)/-ende/-ind(e)/-ande
looking
Past Tense
Indicative
Singular 1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
looked(e)
lookedest
looked(e)
looked(en)
looked
looked
looked
looked
Subjunctive
Singular
Plural
looked(e)
looked(en)
looked
looked
Participle II
looked
looked
SOME CASES OF TRANSITION
CONJUGATION OF WEAK VERBS
115
WEAK VERBS AFTER THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT
Infinitive
Past
Participle II
XII
centu
ry
XIII-
XIV
centuri
es
XV-
XX
centuri
es
XII
centu
ry
XIII
centu
ry
XIV-
XX
centuri
es
XII
centu
ry
XIII
centu
ry
XIV-
XX
centuri
es
[e:]
[e:]
[e:] >
[i:]
[e:]
[e:] >
[e]
[e]
[e:]
[e:] >
[e]
[e]
feden
felen
kepe
n
mete
n
slepe
n
fede(n)
fele(n)
kepe(n
)
mete(n
)
slepe(n
)
feed
feel
keep
meet
sleep
fedde
felte
kepte
mette
slepte
fedde
felte
kepte
mette
slepte
fed
felt
kept
met
slept
fedd
felt
kept
mett
slept
fedd
felt
kept
mett
slept
fed
felt
kept
met
slept
Past singular
Participle II
XII
century
XIII-XIV
centuries
XV-XX
centuries
XII
century
XIII-XIV
centuries
XV-XX
centuries
[o:x]
[ɔux]
[ɔ:]
[o:x]
[ɔux]
[ɔ:]
brohte
bohte
þohte
broughte
boughte
thoughte
brought
bought
thought
broht
boht
þoht
brought
bought
thought
brought
bought
thought
PRETERITE - PRESENT VERBS
Pay attention: OE preterite-present verbs were preserved in MidE
except the verb ƺeneah, which was lost. Their forms underwent
changes due to the general tendencies of the period.
131
Infinitive
Present
Past
Modern
English
forms
Singular
Plural
witen
wot
witen
wiste
to wit
owen
ough
owen
oughte
owe / own
dowen
deh / dow
dowen
doughte
–
an
unnen
outhe
cunnen
can
cunnen
couthe
can / could
–
tharf
thurven
thurfte
durren
dar
durren
dorste
dare
–
shal
shulen
sholde
shall / should
–
man
munen –
mowen
may
mowen
mighte
may
–
mot
moten
moste
must
117
witen (know)
Present
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative
Singular 1 wōt
2 wōst wite wite
3 wōt
Plural witen, wōt 2 witen wite(th)
Past
Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 wiste
2 wistest wiste
3 wiste
Plural wisten wisten
Participles: I witende II witen
owen (ought)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 ouh oughte
2 owest owe oughtest oughte
3 ouh/oweth oughte
Plural owen owen oughten oughten
Participles: II owen
dowen (ought)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 deh/dow doughte
2 dowe doughtest doughte
3 deh/dow doughte
Plural dowen dowen doughten dughten
Participles: II owen
118
* (to grant, to give, to do a favour)
(the infinitive was not registered)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 an, on outhe
2 unne outhest outhe
3 an, on outhe
Plural unnen unnen outhen outhen
cunnen (know, can)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 can/con cuthe/ coude
2 canst/ const cunne cuthest/coudest courhe
3 cann cuthe/ coude courde
Plural cunnon, can cennen couthen/ coude couthen
couden
Participles: II couth
* (need)
(the infinitive was not registered)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 tharf, thar thurfte
2 tharst tharve thurfest thurfte
3 tharf, thar thurfte
Plural thurven thurven thurften
durren (dare)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 dar dorste/ durst
2 darst durre dorstest/ durste dorste/
3 dar dorste/durste durste
Plural durren durren dorsten dorsten
dursten dursten
119
* (shall)
(the infinitive was not registered)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 shal sholde
2 shalt scule sholdest sholde
3 shal sholde
Plural shulen shulen sholden sholden
* (remember)
(the infinitive was not registered)
Present
Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 man
2- mune
3 man
Plural munon munen
mowen (may)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 may mighte
2 mayst mowe mightest mighten
3 may mighte
Plural mowen mowen mighten mighten
* (can, may, to be allowed, to have the possibility)
(the infinitive was not registered)
Present Past
Indicative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
Singular 1 mot ¦ moste
2 most mote ¦ mostest moste
3 mot ¦ moste
Plural moten moten ¦ mosten mosten
120
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]