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Файл:Английский язык. Менеджмент гостинично-ресторанных предприятий. Учебное пособие
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3. PSYCHOLOGY OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
1. Запишите и запомните следующие слова.
through — в процессе, на всем протяжении;
complex — сложный;
avoid — избегать;
application — применение;
extension — расширение, распространение;
concerning — относящийся к делу;
tackle — решать (проблему, вопрос);
entrepreneurial — предпринимательский;
keystone — основной принцип;
acquisition — приобретение, поглощение, слияние (компаний);
expansion — расширение;
tough — жестокий, жесткий, сложный, трудный;
encourage — поддерживать, воодушевлять;
discourage — не поощрять;
therefore — следовательно;
figure out — вычислить, понять, постичь;
although — хотя;
hybrid — гибрид;
utilize — использовать;
persuasion — убеждение;
promotion — продвижение;
counterparty — вторая сторона при заключении контракта, контрагент;
convince — убеждать;
rightness — правота;
in addition — кроме того;
obviously — очевидно;
perception — восприятие;
apparently — ясно, очевидно;
solely — единственно, только, исключительно;
quantity — количество;
assessment — оценка;
supplement — дополнение, приложение;
compare — сравнить;
stock — запас, акция;
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competitor — конкурент;
tend — тенденция;
contrary — наоборот, в противоположность;
value — значение, стоимость;
lens — стекло, линза, точка зрения, подход;
efficiency — эффективность;
ensure — обеспечить;
clarify — внести ясность, разъяснить;
predict — предсказывать, прогнозировать;
facilitate — способствовать;
respond — отвечать;
further — продвигать, содействовать, способствовать, развивать;
strength — сила, сильная сторона;
weakness — слабость, слабая сторона.
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания.
mental process — мыслительный, умственный, психический, ин-
теллектуальный процесс;
set goals — ставить цели;
achieve goals — достигать цели;
contract negotiation — обсуждение условий контракта;
product development — разработка продукта;
organizational behavior — организационное поведение;
attract investment — привлекать инвестиции;
mental capabilities — умственные способности;
period’s costs — затраты отчетного периода;
stock holder — акционер;
conventional way — традиционный способ;
production concept — концепция совершенствования производства;
fine-tune hiring — тщательный подбор персонала;
future performance — будущая производительность;
psychological profiling — составление психологического портрета.
3. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. It is clear that mental activity does not stop when we’re asleep.
2. I want to avoid being drawn into the argument. 3. The newspaper published
an article concerning the problems of overcrowded cities. 4. Governments
have failed to tackle the question of homelessness. 5. The industry’s wave of
mergers and acquisitions continues. 6. We encourage student participation in
our classes. 7. There is a perception that management only wants to cut costs.
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4. Заполните пропуски словами, данными в рамочке.
Avoid, expansion, convince, mental, entrepreneurial, tackle,
encouraged
1. I had a complete ……..………… picture of the building I wanted to
create. 2. I want to …….….……… speaking to him until I’ve got more de-
tails. 3. A new initiative to ……..……. the shortage of teachers appeared to
be successful. 4. We would like to revive the ………. spirit of America. 5.
The company has looked at a number of ways of financing its
…………………. 6. Mum always ………………… us to discuss our prob-
lems. 7. They tried to ………… him to buy a cheaper car.
5. Сопоставьте слова, данные в левом столбике, с определениями к ним из правого столбика.
1. tackle
a) the process of making a business, organisation, or activity grow
2. entrepreneurial
b) to suggest someone to do something
that you believe would be good
3. acquisition
c) willing to work hard and take risks in
order to build up a business
4. expansion
d) to make an organised and determined
attempt to deal with a problem, often a
social one such as crime or unemployment
5. encourage
e) the process of buying the company by
another company
6. convince
f) a particular way of understanding or
thinking about something
7. perception
g) to persuade someone to do something
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6. Найдите пары синонимов.
Convince, rivalry, goal, expansion, related to, persuade, competition,
growth, concerning, purpose.
7. Найдите пары антонимов.
Encourage, partner, physical, solely, competitor, mental, commonly,
discourage.
8. Прочитайте текст и составьте к нему план.
Through the study of psychology, one can understand the complex mental processes that dictate human actions. This knowledge can help with decision-making and avoiding stressful situations. It can help with time management, setting and achieving goals. Business psychology, as defined by
Jack C. Naylor, is the “scientific application or extension of psychological
facts and principles to the problems concerning human beings operating
within the context of business and industry”. Put simply, it applies psychological knowledge to understand behaviours and tackle problems at work.
Business psychology becomes fundamental foundation for entrepreneurial
success and is considered as the secret keystone to acquisition, contract negotiation, expansion and growth, sales and marketing and more.
There are many practical applications of psychology in the business
world. The following three are especially important in tough times.
Motivation: Motivation is the reason people do things. For businesses,
it is very important to understand how to motivate people and understand
them. So you can encourage behaviors you want and discourage behaviors
you don’t want.
Consumer psychology: Companies exist to sell products. Their main
goal is therefore to figure out what makes people want to buy their product,
or why people are not buying it. This has direct applications in marketing,
but also in product development.
Organizational Behaviour: Psychology helps us understand how individuals act, and we can apply those rules to organizations because they are
made up of individuals. Although organizational behavior is strongly based
on principles of psychology, it is more of a hybrid field utilizing business
and psychology knowledge.
Psychology is very important in the process of business negotiations,
persuasion and promotion of one’s own interests, discussions with the counterparty, convincing a partner in the rightness of defending interests, making
business decisions (planning a business strategy, participating in any pro-
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jects, attracting investments etc.). In addition, psychology plays an important
role in personnel management.
Managers deal with the business situations and handle their human resources by planning, organizing, controlling and leading, all of which involve mental capabilities and thoughts to be put into process, which obviously is psychology.
Dealing with the financial matters of an organization, which is apparently solely related to numbers and quantities, also involves psychology. The
assessment of costs and thinking of ways to reduce them, thinking of sup-
plementing labour with machines, comparing different period’s costs and
analyzing the market situations and rise and fall in the stocks, understanding
the behaviour of investors, competitors and other stock holders, all involve
psychology as a phenomenon.
The most important department of business related to psychology is the
marketing department, which tends to understand the needs of consumers/customers and fulfilling those needs in the best economical way. Contrary to the conventional way of business known today as production concept,
which involves manufacturing a product and selling it, considering that the
buyers will buy the goods widely available to them, the newest concept,
namely marketing, which involves more understanding of the customers’
needs and the market situations and then producing best products to give
value to customers, is wholly psychology’s game; though the other concept
involves psychology too.
Business psychology provides an extra lens, through which hidden factors can be identified and better managed. Here are six ways in which business psychology can be used to help:
Improve efficiency — ensuring tasks are completed on time, clarify-
ing work roles.
Fine-tune hiring — selecting the right people with the view to predict
future performance.
Developing leadership — identifying and facilitating the needs of
key players within the business.
Managing change — being able to predict how people will respond
to change is the first step towards managing it.
Building successful business teams — using psychological profiling
to further our understanding of the roles played by team members, including
their strengths and weaknesses.
Improve business performance — marketing products and predicting
consumer behaviour.
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9. Продолжите список областей применения психологии в бизнесе.
1. Motivation
2. Consumer psychology
3. Organizational Behavior
4. …………
5. …………
6. …………
7. …………
10. Определите, истинны или ложны высказывания. Исправь-
те ложные высказывания.
1. Business psychology applies psychological knowledge to understand
a foreign culture and tackle problems.
2. Business psychology provides an extra tool, which helps to find and
manage some hidden factors.
3. Psychology helps us understand how individuals act, but we can’t
apply those rules to organizations.
4. The most important department of business related to psychology is
the marketing department.
5. The only area in business which doesn’t involve business psychology
is finance.
6. Business psychology is able to predict how people will respond to
changes.
11. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What can you understand through the study of psychology?
2. How does Jack C. Naylor define business psychology?
3. Why does Business psychology become fundamental foundation for
entrepreneurial success?
4. What practical applications of psychology in the business world are
especially important in tough times?
5. Why is psychology important to managers of all levels?
6. Why is psychology important in process of business negotiations?
7. Why is psychology important in personnel management?
8. What is the most important department of business related to psy-
chology?
9. What are six ways in which business psychology can be used to help?
10. Do financial matters of an organization involve psychology?
27
12. Составьте предложения из данных в каждой цепочке слов.
1. There, in, many, applications, of, psychology, are, the, business, prac-
tical, world.
2. Reason, motivation, people, is, the, do, things.
3. Plays, personnel, psychology, role, an, in, management, important.
4. Is, all, important, to, psychology, managers, of, levels, why?
13. Изучите систему управления туристической фирмы и по-
пытайтесь ответить на вопрос: Какие психологические проблемы
могут возникнуть в каждом из подразделений?
14. Составьте аннотацию к прочитанному тексту, используя
речевые клише.
15. Сделайте сообщение по изученной теме.
Chief Executive Officer
Financial Department
Tours Development Depart-
ment
Information Department
Sales Department
Marketing Department
Advertising and Promotion
Department
Staff Department
Complaints Department
28
4. CULTURE AND RELIGION
1. Запишите и запомните следующие слова.
constituent — элемент, составляющая;
humanity — человечество, гуманизм, гуманитарные науки;
share — делить, разделять;
entire — весь, взятый в целом;
heritage — наследие;
habit — привычка;
acquire — приобретать, получать, овладевать;
patterns — уклад, принципы, образцы, шаблоны;
belief — вера, доверие, верование;
value — величина, значение, ценность;
meaning — значение, смысл;
attempt — попытка;
deity — божественность, божество;
supporter — сторонник;
whether … or … — независимо от того + глагол + ли (not); то ли ...
то ли; что ... что;
overly — полностью, целиком;
accept — принимать;
merely — только, просто, единственно;
even though — но хотя, даже в том случае, если;
survival — выживание;
fragile — хрупкий, ломкий, нестабильный;
rate — размер, ставка, тариф, такса, расценка, цена, процент, доля,
пропорция;
adopt — принимать; усваивать;
resistant — устойчивый, резистентный; невосприимчивый; нечув-
ствительный;
threat — угроза;
manifestation — проявление; обнаружение; обнародование; во-
площение;
evidence — доказательство; свидетельство; очевидность;
responsibility — ответственность;
vitally — жизненно;
Hinduism — индуизм;
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Confucianism — конфуцианство;
Judaism — иудаизм;
Christianity — христианство;
Islam — ислам;
Bahal Faith — бехаизм.
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания.
cultural concepts — культурные концепции, идеи;
religious principle — религиозные принципы;
dominant faiths — самые распространенные религии.
3. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. Weapons of this type are a threat to the survival of humanity. 2. Do
you mind sharing a table? 3. He gave his entire attention to the task in hand.
4. Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. 5. George has got into the habit of going to bed late.
6. The business was acquired from Orion four years ago. 7. Training and
education follow different patterns in different regions. 8. What are the main
Christian beliefs? 9. You can’t put a value on a human life. 10. Jarvis is a
strong supporter of the European Union.
4. Заполните пропуски словами, данными в рамочке.
Share, patterns, humanity, beliefs, long walks, entire, value,
heritage, habit
1. Mitar Vasiljević, a Bosnian Serb war criminal, was charged on six
counts of crimes against ……..………. 2. I ……………… this flat with five
other people. 3. The railroad enables distribution across the…… …………
North American continent. 4. Due to its historical richness, Russia can boast
of a great cultural ……..………: monuments of history and culture. 5. They
were in the habit of going for …….……… . 6. We want people to acquire
the ……..…… of using public transport instead of their cars. 7. …..………
of employment in urban areas are different from those in the countryside.
8. This theory goes against the ……...….. of most current political thinkers.
9. The dollar dropped in ………… on the foreign exchange markets last week.
5. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is the religion of Jewish people, based on the writings of the
Torah and the Talmud?
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2. What is the religion based on the ideas of Jesus Christ?
3. What is the holy book of Islam?
4. What religious tours in and around Moscow would you recommend
to foreign guests?
6. Закончите предложения.
1. The main religion of India and Nepal, which includes a belief in rein-
carnation and the worship of God in different forms is ………….
2. The way of life propagated by the Chinese philosopher of the Spring
and Autumn period of Chinese history followed by the Chinese people for
more than two millennia is ………….
3. A religion characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has
revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets is …………
4. The followers of ………… worship in a church.
5. The religion based on the ideas of Muhammad is called ………….
6. Religion founded in Iran in the mid-19th century by Mirza Hoseyn
‘Ali Nuri is ………….
7. Сопоставьте слова, данные в левом столбике, с определениями к ним из правого столбика.
1. constituent
a) the art, buildings, traditions, and beliefs that a society considers important to
its history and culture
2. humanity
b) the amount that something is worth,
measured especially in money
3. heritage
c) one of the parts that form something
when they combine
4. patterns
d) a strong feeling that something is true
or real, right or good
5. belief
e) a series of actions or events that together show how things normally happen
or are done
6. value
f) all the people who are living in the
world
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