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13. Компания Gallup Organisation проводит социологическое и
маркетинговое исследование «Уровень удовлетворенности сервисом на транспорте». Заполните предложенную анкету. Обобщите
результаты, полученные в вашей группе, и подготовьте сообщение.
QUESTION: Q1. How often do you travel by train?
Most days;
1-3 times per week;
1-3 times per month;
Less than once a month;
QUESTION: Q2. What is the most frequent purpose of your rail trip?
1. Travelling to work/school/ university.
2. Business trips.
3. Leisure.
4. Other.
QUESTION: Q3. Are you very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the following features of the trains and stations:
Connections with other modes of public
transport
Facilities for car parking
Quality of the facilities and services
(e.g. toilets, shops, cafes, etc.)
Provision of information about train
schedules / platforms
Ease of buying tickets
Cleanliness / good maintenance of station
facilities
Your personal security at the station
Frequency of the trains
Length of time the journey was scheduled
to take (speed of the trains)
Punctuality/reliability (i.e. departing and
arriving on time)
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Your personal security whilst on board
Cleanliness and good maintenance of rail
cars, including the toilet on the train
The provision of information during the
journey, in particular in case of delay
The comfort of the seating area
Availability of staff on trains
Assistance and information for disabled or
elderly people in station and in rail cars
14. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык отрывок из отчета о социологическом исследовании «Survey on the attitudes of the
Europeans towards tourism».
Older respondents, those with the lowest level of education, respondents
living in urban areas, manual workers and non-working respondents were the
most likely to say that they were planning a holiday in their home country.
For example, 43 % of the over 54 year-olds were planning a vacation “at
home”, compared to 26 % of 15-24 year-olds. Conversely, younger respondents and full-time students, those with higher levels of education, employees
and the self-employed most frequently said they would visit another country — in the EU or outside the EU. For example, 30 % of full-time students
and 23 % of respondents with the highest level of education were thinking
about visiting another EU country, compared to just 10 % of respondents
with the lowest level of education. Similarly, 20 % of the most-educated respondents and 22 % of full-time students said they would spend their main
2011 vacation outside of the EU, compared to 8 % of the least-educated respondents.
15. На Интернет-сайте Европейской Комиссии http://ec.europa.eu/
public_opinion/archives/flash_arch_329_315_en.htm просмотрите от-
чет о результатах исследования «Отношение европейцев к туризму» http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_328_en.pdf и, введя поисковый запрос «students», ответьте на вопросы об отношении студентов к туризму.
1. What kinds of trips do full-time students like (p. 11)?
2. Do full-time students have enough money and time for travelling (p. 20)?
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3. What is the main motivation for travelling for students (p. 33)?
4. Do full-time students prefer travelling by train, by plane or by bus (p. 26)?
5. What kinds of leisure activity would students like to reduce spending
for (p. 32)?
6. Which of the following have a major influence on full-time students’
decisions about a holiday destination: entertainment, festivals and other
events, the location’s environment and cultural heritage (p. 36)?
7. Do students like to explore local cultures and lifestyles (p. 40)?
8. Is Internet the most frequently mentioned source of tourist information (p. 46)?
16. Составьте аннотацию к прочитанному тексту. Используйте
речевые клише.
As the title implies the text describes ... — Как указано в заголовке,
текст описывает …
It is known that … — Известно, что…
It should be noted about … — Следует отметить, что …
The fact that … is stressed. — Подчеркивается факт, что…
It is spoken in detail about… — Подробно говорится о …
It is reported that … — Сообщается, что …
Much attention is given to … — Большое внимание уделяется …
It is shown that … — Показано, что …
It is formulated … — Формулируется …
… is proposed — Предлагается …
… are examined — Проверяются (рассматриваются)
… are discussed — Обсуждаются …
It is described in short … — Кратко описывается …
It is introduced … — Вводится …
It is shown that … — Показано, что …
It is given … — Дается (предлагается) …
It is dealt with … — Рассматривается …
It is provided for … — Обеспечивается …
It is designed for …. — Предназначен для …
It is examined, investigated … — Исследуется …
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It is analyzed … — Анализируется …
The main idea of the text is … — Основная идея текста ...
It gives a detailed analysis of … — Он дает подробный анализ …
It draws our attention to … — Он обращает наше внимание …
It is stressed that … — Подчеркивается, что …
The text is of great help to … — Текст очень полезен …
The text is of interest to … — Текст интересен …
17. Сделайте краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
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2. PSYCHOLOGY
1. Запишите и запомните следующие слова.
emergence — появление, возникновение;
physician — терапевт;
sensation — ощущение, чувство, сенсация;
engage — заниматься, участвовать;
influence — оказывать влияние, воздействовать, влиять;
subconscious — подсознательный;
consent — согласие, разрешение;
persuasion — убеждение;
reciprocity — взаимность;
reciprocate — отвечать взаимностью;
commitment — заинтересованность, обязательство, намерение;
consistency — постоянство, последовательность;
social proof — социальное влияние, социальная значимость;
authority — власть, авторитет;
liking — симпатия, склонность;
scarcity — недостаток, нужда;
intentionally — намеренно.
2. Запишите и запомните словосочетания.
Cognitive Psychology — когнитивная психология, психология
познания.
Industrial Psychology — психология труда.
Organizational Psychology — психология организации.
Personality Psychology — психология личности.
academic setting — университетская среда.
industrial and organizational setting — обстановка в промышленно-
сти, в организации.
legal investigation — расследование дела.
crowd manipulation — управление толпой.
3. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. He had the uncomfortable sensation that he was being watched. 2. He
entered the building without the owner’s consent. 3. We achieve much more
by persuasion than by brute force. 4. She has feelings for him that he can’t
reciprocate. 5. The government has failed to demonstrate its commitment to
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the railways. 6. Your dislike of water is perhaps due to a subconscious fear
of drowning. 7. He had a particular liking for science subjects.
4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях словами, данными в
рамочке.
Consent, commitments, sensation, consistency, scarcity, persuasion
1. When she awoke she had lost all ………… in both of her legs.
2. You cannot go on school trips without the written ………… of your par-
ents. 3. Using her powers of ………… , she got him to help. 4. He’s a man
who believes in fulfilling his ………… . 5. There is no ………… in the way
they deal with offenders. 6. The ………… of good restaurants around here is
surprising.
5. Сопоставьте слова, данные в левом столбике, с определениями к ним из правого столбика.
1. emergence
a) a strong belief that you should fulfill,
follow or support something
2. consent
b) a situation in which the supply of
something is not enough for the people
who want it or need it
3. commitment
c) the process of appearing or becoming
recognized
4. subconscious
d) the ability to remain the same in behaviour, attitudes, or qualities
5. consistency
e) relating to thoughts or feelings that
you have but do not think about, or do
not realize you have
6. scarcity
f) permission to do something
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6. Найдите пары синонимов.
Commitment, permission, lack, data, consent, information, obligation,
scarcity.
7. Найдите пары антонимов.
Scarcity, like, permit, deliberately, unintentionally, surplus, forbid,
dislike.
8. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies human
mind and behavior. It involves the scientific study of mental processes such
as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal
relationships. Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. The
word psychology is derived from the Greek word “psyche”, literally mean-
ing “life” or “breath”. The emergence of psychology as a separate and independent field of study came when Wilhelm Wundt, a German physician,
physiologist, philosopher, established the first experimental psychology lab
in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Wundt’s work was focused on describing the
structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properly trained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that accompanied feelings, sensations and thoughts.
Psychology is a broad and diverse field and some of the major areas of
research are Cognitive Psychology, Industrial-Organizational Psychology,
Personality Psychology, School Psychology, Social Psychology, etc.
Government and business entities often hire masters and doctoral graduates in psychology to conduct research. Many psychologists do scientific
research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior,
and typically work at university psychology departments or teach in other
academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in
industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in legal investigation and other aspects of law. Wherever a psychologist works, ethics are a
vast, key topic in psychological research. This ethics code does not only apply to professionals, but also to the activity the professional is engaging in.
The most important contemporary standards of psychological assistance are
based on a client’s informed and voluntary consent.
Crowd manipulation is the intentional use of techniques based on the
principles of crowd psychology to engage, control, or influence the desires
of a crowd in order to direct its behaviour toward a specific action. This
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practice is common to politics and business. Gustave Le Bon, a French social psychologist, was the author of the theory of crowd psychology. Combining the ideas of Gustave Le Bon on crowd psychology with the psychoanalytical ideas of his uncle, Dr. Sigmund Freud, Edward Bernays was one
of the first to attempt to manipulate public opinion using the subconscious.
Edward Bernays, the so-called “Father of Public Relations”, believed that
public manipulation was not only moral, but also a necessity. He argued that
“a small, invisible government who understands the mental processes and
social patterns of the masses, rules public opinion by consent.”
Since the publication of “Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion”,
Robert Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion have become an integral part of
the marketing world. Cialdini’s theory of influence is based on the principles
of reciprocity, commitment and consistency, social proof, authority, liking,
and scarcity. These principles have been used for decades by businesses and
marketers and since the explosion of e-commerce on the Internet, Cialdinis’
six principles have naturally been adopted there, too. The principles play on
fundamental human instincts and can be exploited both intentionally and unintentionally by professional influence agents in different areas.
9. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is Psychology?
2. What are some of the major areas of research in Psychology?
3. When did psychology as a separate and independent field of study
emerge?
4. Who established the first experimental psychology lab and what was
his work focused on?
5. What areas do psychologists work?
6. What was Gustave Le Bon’s contribution to psychology develop-
ment?
7. What is Crowd manipulation?
8. Why was Edward Bernays called “Father of Public Relations”?
9. What are Robert Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion?
10. What is Cialdini’s theory of influence based on?
10. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. Which of these is NOT a principle of persuasion?
a) reciprocity;
b) commitment and consistency;
c) influence;
d) social proof;
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e) authority;
f) liking;
g) scarcity.
2. What can be the bases of the contemporary standards of a psy-
chological assistance?
a) professionalism;
b) informed and voluntary consent;
c) ethic norms;
d) reciprocity;
e) scarcity.
3. What areas do psychologists NOT work?
a) government;
b) business entities;
c) university;
d) medical schools;
e) hospitals;
f) industrial and organizational settings;
g) retail outlets;
h) farm household.
4. Which of these is NOT a mental process?
a) perception;
b) persuasion;
c) cognition;
d) emotion;
e) thoughts;
f) sensation.
11. Составьте предложения из данных в каждой цепочке слов.
1. What, a, kind, of, travel, makes, motivation, tourist?
2. What, in, needs, respect, of, his, are, age, or, personal, tourist’s, status?
3. Making, how, the, decision, of, process, tourists, look, does, like?
12. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. The core idea of tourism is based on meeting other people from various countries, places, or cultures, and exchanging experience, attitudes, or
personal values. 2. Psychology in tourism studies individuals who act as
tourists. 3. Every tourist’s action not only reflects personal and social aspects
of his free time, but also motivation. 4. Tourist’s behaviour is based on mo-
tivation, social, emotional and cognitive aspects, which open wide space for
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psychological monitoring. 5. Key elements in tourism psychology are motivation (needs), expectation, decision making, and satisfaction of a tourist. 6.
These may be culture (tourist searching for local history, traditions, or art),
active experience (sport activities), adventure (nowadays called adrenalin),
conformism (looking for activities a tourist is used to), relaxation and
healthcare (wellness), or social prestige (V.I.P. holidays in luxury destinations). 7. Tourism psychology should define common features of personnel,
their capabilities for work in tourism industry. 8. Good personnel should
have a profound ability to listen to clients, pay attention to key issues, and
quickly react to negative indicators. 9. Without a profound knowledge and
understanding of tourists it is impossible to effectively promote tourism.
13. Изучите рисунок и попытайтесь ответить на вопросы.
1. What are the components of a mental image of a destination?
2. What can be a tourist motivation?
3. What expectations do tourists usually have?
4. What factors does a decision depend on?
5. What happens if the client is satisfied / dissatisfied with his trip?
14. Составьте аннотацию к прочитанному тексту, используя
речевые клише.
15. Сделайте краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
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