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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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II. Заполните пропуски предлогами by или with:
1. Who was New Zealand discovered …?
2. The pedestrian was run down … the car.
3. Stir the stew … a wooden spoon, will you?
4. The English language is now spoken … over two billion people
worldwide.
5. A lot of deals have been concluded … our company this year.
6. In Japan marriages of young people are usually arranged … their
parents.
7. The engine is powered … electricity.
8. The tree was split in two … the stroke of lightning.
9. The left wing of the house has been destroyed … fire.
10. The dish was made … eggs, onions and mayonnaise.
11. The book ‘Gone With the Wind’ was written … Margaret Mitchell.
12. It was evident that the order couldn’t be controlled … authorities.
13. Are you satisfied with the level of services provided … the bank?
14. Sanchez was beaten … Graff in the Women’s Tennis Final.
15. They were filled … a deep shame at the actions taken … their
subordinates.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Elaine’s car … today.
a. is servicing c. have been serviced
b. is being serviced d. is serviced
2. The papers … by the Managing Director yet. He is on a business trip.
a. haven’t been signed c. haven’t signed
b. aren’t signed d. weren’t signed
3. A new government … to overcome the economic crisis.
a. formed c. was formed
b. has formed d. have been formed
4. You … to show your passport at the reception desk.
a. was asked c. are being asked
b. will be asked d. have asked
5. The address should … on the front of the envelope.
a. has been written c. will be written
b. to be written d. be written
6. The suspects … by the police.
a. were being followed c. has been followed
b. will being followed d. was being followed
7. Some children … to by their parents every night.
a. read c. have been read
b. were reading d. are read
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8. The parcel … yet.
a. hasn’t received c. wasn’t received
b. hadn’t been received d. hasn’t been received
9. Sue told us her baby … two weeks earlier than expected.
a. had born c. had been born
b. was born d. has been born
10. The robbers … as soon as they left the bank.
a. will be arrested c. were arrested
b. had been arrested d. are arrested
11. This model is of a new design and only a few units … so far.
a. have been manufactured c. are manufactured
b. were manufactured d. had manufactured
12. The talks … from 2 till 3 p.m. yesterday.
a. were being held c. had been held
b. were held d. have held
13. When a person borrows money from a bank, the money must … back
by a specific date.
a. to pay c. being paid
b. be paid d. have been paid
14. He told me not to worry as the letter … by 6 o’clock.
a. will have been sent c. will be sent
b. has been sent d. would have been sent
15. The contract was signed after the terms of payment and delivery … .
a. are discussed c. were discussed
b. have been discussed
d. had been discussed
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующей
форме действительного или страдательного залога:
1. When this church (construct)?
2. The central office of this organization (locate) in Minsk.
3. What Belarus (export)?
4. A small increase in our company’s profits (report) last year.
5. Credit cards (accept) in your shop?
6. The thieves (enter) the gallery through a small upstairs window.
7. My wife (pay) more than I am.
8. Yesterday Mr. Higgins (tell) to arrive at the office at two o’clock
sharp.
9. The results of the research (provide) as soon as it (finish) next
month.
10. William the Conqueror (build) the castle in the 11th century.
11. Excuse the mess, the hotel (renovate) now.
12. For a long time the earth (believe) to be flat.
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13. We (spend) a lot of money on advertising campaign.
14. Delivering the goods by air is rather costly, but they (require) urgently.
15. The flight (delay) for two hours due to the accident threat.
16. This kind of jacket (consider) very fashionable these days.
17. A number of attempts (make) to find the Loch Ness monster.
18. Most people agree that America (not discover) by Christopher
Columbus.
19. I looked again for the old man, but he (vanish).
20. If there is too much snow, the ski race (cancel).
21. The exact date of the wedding (not fix) yet.
22. It (announce) yesterday that the government (decide) not to raise
income tax.
23. The police (search) the house and (find) a number of stolen articles.
24. It (report) yesterday that the sides (reach) an agreement on the
terms of the contract.
25. The office worker (dismiss) as he (steal) company property ever
since he (appoint).
V. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Over the past ten years oil spills (1) … the seas surrounding Britain.
The tankers (2) … oil onto the coast and many forms of wildlife (3) … .
Environmentalists say that a lot of volunteers (4) … as the damage must
(5) … . The government (6) … that in future the owners of any tankers that
(7) … the North Sea in this way (8) … . The government also hopes that
such incidents can (9) … if more lighthouses (10) … along the coastline.
1. a. polluted c. have polluted
b. were polluted d. have been polluted
2. a. are spilling c. are being spilt
b. are spilt d. spill
3. a. harmed c. are harming
b. are harmed d. harm
4. a. have needed c. are needed
b. are being needed d. are needing
5. a. be minimised c. minimise
b. be minimising d. minimised
6. a. has promised c. is promised
b. has been promised d. was promising
7. a. are polluted c. will be polluted
b. are being polluting d. pollute
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8. a. would be prosecuted c. will be prosecuted
b. will prosecute d. would prosecute
9. a. prevented c. prevent
b. be prevented d. be preventing
10. a. are built c. will build
b. will be built d. build
VI. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Millions of pounds’ worth of damage (1) … by a storm which (2) …
across the north of England last night. The River Kibble (3) … its banks
after heavy rain. Many people (4) … from the floods by fire fighters, who
(5) … hundreds of calls for help. Wind speeds (6) … ninety miles an hour
in some places. Roads (7) … by fallen trees, and electricity lines (8) …,
leaving thousands of homes without electricity. “Everything possible (9)
… to get things back to normal,” a spokesman (10) … .
1. a. has caused c. caused
b. has been caused d. had been caused
2. a. was swept c. swept
b. had swept d. was being swept
3. a. was burst c. had burst
b. burst d. bursted
4. a. were rescued c. had been rescued
b. rescued d. have rescued
5. a. had been received c. were received
b. were receiving d. received
6. a. were being reached c. have been reached
b. reached d. were reached
7. a. had blocked c. were blocked
b. blocked d. were blocking
8. a. were bringing down c. were brought down
b. were being brought down d. brought down
9. a. is being done c. is doing
b. will done d. will be doing
10. a. said c. was being said
b. is said d. was said
VII. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Mr Owen Gibbon (1) … a valuable oil painting in the attic of his
house in Rochester. The work (2) … by George Stubbs, the famous animal artist, in 1760. The picture (3) … by Mr Gibbon’s great-grandfather
in the 1890s, but after his death the family (4) … it away in the attic. Art
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historians (5) … the painting, and (6) … it at Ј500,000. Mr Gibbon (7) …
the work to the National Gallery, where the picture (8) … to its former
beauty. They (9) … the restoration work (10) … by June.
1. a. has been discovered c. is discovering
b. is discovered d. has discovered
2. a. was painted c. had been painted
b. painted d. has painted
3. a. has been bought c. bought
b. was being bought d. was bought
4. a. has stored c. had been stored
b. was stored d. stored
5. a. are examined c. have examined
b. are being examined d. have been examined
6. a. are valued c. have been valued
b. have valued d. are being valued
7. a. is offering c. has been offered
b. is offered d. has offered
8. a. will have restored c. will be restored
b. will restored d. will have been restored
9. a. are being said c. say
b. are said d. are saying
10. a. will be finishing c. will have finished
b. will have been finished d. will have been finishing
VIII. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Packet sugar from the supermarket (1) … from either sugar cane or
sugar beet. Sugar also (2) … in fruit, some of which, such as dates and
grapes, (3) … very high amounts of sugar. Some scientists (4) … that too
much sugar (5) … in sweets, cakes and biscuits. It is said to be generally
bad for the health, although nothing definitely (6) … so far. However, it
(7) … that sugar (8) … tooth decay. As one expert said: “If other foods
damaged our body as much as sugar (9) … our teeth, they would (10) …
immediately.”
1. a. is being extracted c. extracts
b. is extracted d. is extracting
2. a. found c. finds
b. is finding d. is found
3. a. contain c. contains
b. are contained d. is being contained
4. a. are believing c. have been believed
b. are believed d. believe
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5. a. is eating c. is being eaten
b. eats d. is eaten
6. a. had been proved c. was proved
b. has been proved d. proved
7. a. is known c. is being known
b. has known d. knows
8. a. is causing c. causes
b. is being caused d. is caused
9. a. has been damaged c. damages
b. is damaged d. is damaging
10. a. to ban c. to be banned
b. be banned d. ban
IX. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Mr and Mrs Brown had a typical bad holiday experience. They arrived at the old hotel which (1) … in the middle of nowhere. It (2) …
for years and the paint was peeling off the walls. The previous owners
(3) … the hotel which was bought by an elderly couple. They (4) … by
their children to employ staff to manage it but, unfortunately, people
(5) … at the time when Mr and Mrs Brown arrived. Food (6) … in the
restaurant and guests (7) … to make their own arrangements. As if that
wasn’t enough, when they went to their rooms, they found the bed linen
(8) … after the previous occupants. As far as Mr and Mrs Brown were
concerned the hotel should (9) … until adequate staff (10) … .
1. a. situated c. had situated
b. was situated d. had been situated
2. a. has not decorated c. was not being decorated
b. has not been decorating d. had not been decorated
3. a. had sold c. sold
b. had been sold d. were sold
4. a. were being advised c. had been advised
b. advised d. had advised
5. a. still interviewed c. were still interviewing
b. were still interviewed d. were still being interviewed
6. a. was not served c. was not serving
b. did not serve d. had not been served
7. a. expected c. were expecting
b. were expected d. had been expected
8. a. was not changed c. had not been changed
b. had not changed d. has not changed
9. a. be closed c. to be closed
b. close d. to close
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10. a. are employed c. will employ
b. will be employed d. employs
X. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только
одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
During periods of terrorist activity by the Irish Republican Army
(IRA), people in Britain are (1) … warned to look out for bombs. Any
bag or parcel without an owner (2) … seen as a risk to the public. Some
time ago a cardboard box was found at the entrance to Bristol Zoo. It
was noticed (3) … a visitor and reported to the director. Clearly, if it were
a bomb and it went off, people might (4) … killed. So army bomb experts
(5) … called in, and the box was safely blown up in a controlled explosion. Soon afterwards it (6) … reported that the box had (7) … left there
by a boy wanting to find a new home for his pet rat. He (8) … tired of the
rat, he explained, but he was unwilling to have it put to sleep (9) … a vet,
so he left it in a box outside the zoo. The director of the zoo is thought
(10) … be unenthusiastic about looking after people’s unwanted pets. No
one knows what the rat thought about being blown up.
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При переводе прямой речи в косвенную необходимо соблюдать ряд правил:
1. say to → tell
– I say to him, “I am busy.” → I him (that) I am busy.
2. личные и притяжательные местоимения меняются соответс-
твенно смыслу:
– Bill says, “I don’t like your new car.” → Bill says (that) doesn’t
like my new car.
3. Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, употреблен в одной
из форм прошедшего времени (Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past
Perfect), то в придаточном предложении действует правило согла-
сования времен, которое заключается в следующем:
Если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в
форме прошедшего времени, то глагол дополнительного придаточного предложения не может употребляться в форме настоящего или будущего времени и должен стоять в одном из прошедших
времен. В этом случае выбор необходимой видовременной формы
определяется с учетом того, является ли действие глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении одновременным, предшествующим или последующим по отношению к действию глагола-сказуемого в главном предложении.
Если действие в придаточном предложении происходит од-
новременно с действием в главном предложении, то глагол
в придаточном предложении употребляется в Past Indefinite или
в Past Continuous:
Nobody understood what he . – Никто не понял, чего он хочет.
I thought that they for me in the entrance hall. – Я думал,
что они ждут меня в вестибюле.
Если действие в придаточном предложении происходит од-
новременно с действием в главном предложении, но при этом
указан период времени, в течение которого совершается дейс-
твие, то глагол в придаточном предложении употребляется
в Past Perfect Continuous или в Past Perfect (с глаголами, не име-
ющими форм Continuous):
I was told that they here since 2010. – Мне сказали,
что они живут здесь с 2010 года.
He saidthat he her since childhood. – Он сказал, что зна-
ет ее с детства.
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Если действие в придаточном предложении предшествует
действию в главном предложении, то глагол в придаточном
предложении употребляется в Past Perfect:
She thought that she already me somewhere. – Она подума-
ла, что уже где-то меня видела.
Для выражения длительного действия, предшествующего
действию глагола-сказуемого главного предложения, в прида-
точном предложении употребляется Past Perfect Continuous:
She said that she for a job for six months. – Она ска-
зала, что искала работу в течение 6 месяцев.
Если действие в придаточном предложении является буду-
щим по отношению к действию в главном предложении, то в
придаточном предложении вместо времен Future использует-
ся Future-in-the-Past (вспомогательный глагол will заменяется
вспомогательным глаголом would):
I was sure that I her at home. – Я был уверен, что застану
ее дома.
Не said that he from 9 to 11 a.m. – Он сказал, что
будет работать с 9 до 11 часов утра.
В придаточных предложениях времени и условия вместо
форм настоящего времени (Present Indefinite, Present Perfect – см.
стр. 169) употребляются соответствующие формы прошедшего
времени:
Mum said that we on a picnic if the weather sunny. –
Мама сказала, что мы пойдем на пикник, если погода будет
солнечной.
Прямая речь Косвенная речь Примеры:
Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite I do → I did
Present Continuous → Past Continuous I am doing → I was doing
Present Perfect → Past Perfect I have done → I had done
Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect
Continuous
Past Indefinite → Past Perfect I did → I had done
Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect → Past Perfect I had done → I had done
Future Indefinite → Future-in-the-Past I will do → I would do
Модальные глаголы
I have been doing → I had been
doing
I was doing → I had been doing
I can do → I could do
I may do → I might do
I have to do → I had to do
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Правило согласования времен не соблюдается в следующих
случаях:
1. если глагол в главном предложении употреблен в форме на-
стоящего времени:
He says that the weather too hot today. – Он говорит, что сегодня
очень жарко.
2. если сказуемое придаточного предложения выражено модаль-
ными глаголами could, might, must, should, ought и инфинитивом:
He told us that he immediately. – Он сказал нам, что
ему следует немедленно уйти.
3. если сказуемое придаточного предложения выражает обще-
известный факт:
The teacher explained that the earth round the sun. – Учитель
объяснил, что земля вращается вокруг солнца.
We learnt that Minsk first in the chronicles in 1067. – Мы
узнали, что Минск впервые упоминался в летописях в 1067 году.
4. в придаточном предложении времени, если оно употреблено
в одной из форм прошедшего времени (после союзов since, when,
while, before):
He said the car had broken down while heto work. – Он
сказал, что машина сломалась, когда он ехал на работу.
5. В определительном придаточном предложении, а также в
придаточных предложениях причины и сравнения:
The statement that our rivalsbankrupt proved to be true. – Утверж-
дение, что наши конкуренты обанкротились, оказалось правдой.
He was not able to translate the article because heEnglish
well enough. – Он не смог перевести статью, так как он не достаточ-
но хорошо знает английский язык.
Jessica behaved as she always. – Джессика вела себя так же,
как и всегда.
Кроме изменения формы глагола в придаточном предложении,
при переходе прямой речи в косвенную происходит следующая
замена указательных местоимений и наречий места и времени:
Прямая речь Косвенная речь
here there
this that, the
these those
now then, immediately
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