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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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VI. Заполните пропуски модальным глаголом, в соответствии
со значением, указанным в скобках:
1. I was so unhappy that I … think of anything else. (отсутствие
способности)
2. You … leave your things unattended. (совет)
3. Do you think the situation … change? (предположение, неуверен-
ность)
4. … I give you a hand with the luggage? (предложение)
5. You … have been more careful. (упрек)
6. … you help me with these figures, please? (вежливая просьба)
7. All the payments … be made before the goods are dispatched. (дол-
женствование)
8. The meeting … start at 10 sharp tomorrow. (запланированное
действие)
9. … he be still working on the report? (удивление)
10. Nothing is so bad but it … have been worse. (предположение,
неуверенность)
11. “… I get down to discussion right now, sir?” (просьба) “Sure, you
… .” (разрешение)
12. As the payment wasn’t made in time, they … break the order.
(необходимость в силу обстоятельств)
13. “How did they manage to do well last month?” “They … have
increased productivity.” (предположение, вероятность)
14. He … finish the project in time. (возможность)
15. You … take a taxi if you want to catch the next train. (насто-
ятельный совет)
16. I … go to the bank yesterday as I had enough money on me. (от-
сутствие необходимости)
17. He … have made such a mistake in calculations! (сомнение)
18. Students … talk at the lectures, they … listen attentively. (запрет,
долженствование)
19. Since the new boss took us over we … change our working meth-
ods. (необходимость в силу обстоятельств)
20. The consignment was sent a week ago. It … have been received
already. (предположение, вероятность)
VII. В каждом предложении найдите и исправьте ошибку:
1. Alice wasn’t be allowed to take photos.
2. What jobs should I to apply for?
3. I can’t be able to come to tomorrow’s meeting.
4. Will you like to be in the team?
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5. We didn’t have watered the garden because it’s raining.
6. Shall you fill in this form, please?
7. Had people to bring their own sleeping bags?
8. Mrs. Dudley may know St. Petersburg very well. She has lived there
all her life.
9. Could I do the washing-up?
10. I’m sorry. You are not able to park here.
VIII. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков толь-
ко одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
Here is some information for visitors to New York City.
Before you travel to the US, you (1) … find out what documents you
need. British people do not (2) … to get a visa, but there are different
rules for different nationalities. For example, you (3) … need to show
that you have enough money with you. But there’s one rule you (4) … be
sure about: everyone (5) … to show their passport.
The roads in New York are very busy, but don’t worry – you (6) … get
around cheaply and easily by subway. Remember that you are not (7) …
to smoke on public transport or in shops. And don’t forget either that
you (8) … tip taxi drivers and waiters.
New York is not the most dangerous city in the US, but you really (9)
… not walk along empty streets at night. And it is safer if you are (10) …
to travel around in a group.
262
Порядок слов в Повествовательном Предложении
Дополнения Обстоятельства
Подлежащее
sellers
They
Сказуе-
мое
We
The
I met him
will
receive
send
have
told
беспред-
ложное
косвен-
ное
the
buyers
пря-
мое
the tele-
gram
the
documents
the
news
пред-
ложное
косвен-
ное
to him
образа
дейс-
твия
by
chance
места времени
soon
at the
theatre
yester-
day
Если сказуемое выражено глаголом, обозначающим движение
(go, come, arrive, leave, walk, run, fly и др.), порядок расположения
наречий следующий: наречие места → наречие образа действия →
наречие времени: He came to work on foot yesterday.
(always, already, often, seldom, never, ever, usually, normally,
rarely, almost, hardly, nearly, still)
Перед глаголом-сказуемым: He comes early.
После глагола tobe: They are late. We are not late.
После первого вспомогательного глагола: He has been
asked. How long have you been reading the book?
После модального глагола: She may be sleeping. Но: I
have to hurry in the morning. You used to agree with me.
Наречие still ставится в середине утвердительных и вопро-
сительных предложений: He is in hospital. Do you work here?
В отрицательных предложениях still ставится перед вспомогатель-
ным глаголом: I don’t know what to do. He hasn’t forgiven me.
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В кратких ответах, наречия неопределенного времени ста-
вятся перед вспомогательным глаголом: “Does she go to Kiev on
business?” “Yes, she does.”
В предложениях с оборотом there is: There is a table, two chairs
and a sofa in the room.
В словах автора, если они стоят после прямой речи: “I am glad
to see you,” said the old man. “I don’t smoke,” he said. “What’s the matter
with you?” the doctor will ask.
В предложениях, начинающихся с here или there, если подле-
жащее выражено существительным: Here goes the bus. There is your
book. Но: Here she comes. Here you are.
В предложениях, начинающихся с never, hardly, scarcely, no
sooner, not only, seldom, little, in vain, not until, neither, nor и др.: Never
in my life have I seen such a thing. In vain did we try to make him do it. No
sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.
В сочетании со словами so, neither, nor для выражения согла-
сия: “I haven’t a ticket.” “Neither / Nor have we.” “Sally likes reading.”
“So does Mark.”
Порядок слов в воПросительных Предложениях
Вспомогатель-
ный глагол
Is the man smoking a pipe?
Don’t you remember our trip?
Do you
Was anyone late
Is there any money in the box?
Did he say
Подлежащее Сказуемое Дополнение
not remem-
ber
our trip to Brussels?
for the meet-
ing?
that he was
busy?
Обстоятель-
ство
Ответы на общие вопросы обычно даются в краткой форме
и состоят из Yes или No, подлежащего и вспомогательного глагола:
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“Do you like music?” “Yes, I do.” “No, I don’t.”
“Didn’t you speak to him yesterday?” “Yes, I did.” “No, I didn’t.”
“Will he come here tonight?” “Yes, he probably will.” “No, he probably
will not.”
“Is he still in hospital?” “I’m afraid so.” “I’m afraid he is.”
“Could I speak to Tim, please?” “I’m afraid not.” “I’m afraid you can’t.”
Альтернативный вопрос представляет собой два общих вопро-
са, соединенных союзом or: “Do you like tea (do you like) coffee?”
“I like tea.”
Вопросител.
слово
What are you
How long has she
Why don’t you leave
What is there
Вспомогател.
глагол
Подле-
жащее
Сказуе-
мое
looking
at?
been
living
Допол-
нение
with her
husband?
the poor
dog
Обстоятельство
alone?
on the
floor?
Ответы на специальные вопросы обычно даются в полной
форме с повторением всех членов предложения, логически необходимых для ответа: “What did the teacher read yesterday?” “He read
an interesting story.”
Who / What Сказуемое Дополнение Обстоятельство
Who is reading a book at the window?
Who lives
What book is lying on the table?
Whose children came with you yesterday?
How many stu-
dents
work in the laboratory?
in that old brick
house?
Ответы на вопросы к подлежащему или его определению обычно даются в краткой форме и состоят из подлежащего и вспомогательного глагола: “Who gives you English lessons?” “My friend does.”
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Главное предложение Придаточное предложение
Подлежа-
щее
I asked
He wonders when she gets up
Сказуе-
мое
союз
(whether)
Подле-
жащее
if
he
Сказу-
емое
had
bought
Допол-
нение
a new
car
Обстоя-
тельтво
the day
before
yesterday
Разделительный (расчлененный) вопрос может задаваться с цел
ью получить информацию, а также для выражения удивления,
недовольства, интереса и т.д. Приблизительно соответствует
по смыслу русским выражениям “не так ли?”; “не правда ли?”;
“правда?”.
Разделительный вопрос представляет собой повествователь-
ное предложение, к которому присоединяется краткий общий
вопрос, состоящий из вспомогательного глагола в противоположной форме и подлежащего в виде местоимения: Phil’s coming,
? I am not nervous, ? I am too nervous, ? You have lunch at
noon, ?
Если в состав сказуемого входит модальный глагол, то в воп-
росе тоже используется модальный глагол: You cannot help me,
? James would have helped us, ? Но: You have to go home,
? You used not to like him, ?
Если подлежащим является There, то используется и в
вопросе: There aren’t many people here, ?
Если подлежащим является This / That, то в вопросе исполь-
зуется : This is John’s suitcase, ?
Если подлежащим является These / Those, то в вопросе ис-
пользуется : Those are your papers, ?
Если подлежащим является no one, someone, anyone, everyone,
то в вопросе используется : Everyone is coming tonight, ?
Somebody has forgotten their umbrella, ?
В предложениях, содержащих nothing, neither, no one, anyone,
never, seldom, little, hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner, without, unfortunately, unlikely, except вопрос будет положительным: Nothing is
wrong, ? Nobody saw you, ?
В сложноподчиненных предложениях вопрос задается к той
части предложения, которая вызывает сомнения: I don’t think any-
one’s coming,? There wasn’t a single point they disagreed on,
?
266
В повелительных предложениях в вопросе обычно употребляется : Come into the kitchen, ? Don’t do that
again, ? Pass me the book, ? Get my pen, ? Read
aloud, ?
В предложениях, начинающихся с Let’s в вопросе употреб-
ляется : Let’s go there tomorrow, ? Но: Let me go there
tomorrow, ?
В вопросах-переспросах форма вспомогательного глагола не
меняется на противоположную: “I managed to pass the exam.” “
?” “My neighbours don’t like hard rock.” “?”
I. Расставьте слова в правильном порядке:
1. please / the / could / turn / light / you / on?
2. at / staying / Jill / home / weekend / the / at / prefers.
3. did / from / dress / where / you / this / get?
4. recently / him / have / my / number / I / given / mobile.
5. there / go / you / alone / do / to / want / still?
6. any / you / is / now / have / what / she / idea / doing?
7. left / I’d / have / to / any / like / we / if / know / time.
8. London / you / why / told / are / you / haven’t / for / leaving / me?
9. moment / anyone / office / the / is / at / think / not / I / the / do / in.
10. idea / the / ask / theatre / to / way / it / a / him / good / was /
to / the.
II. Задайте к каждому предложению разделительный вопрос:
1. Everything is OK, …?
2. Your boyfriend doesn’t smoke, …?
3. There’s little time left, … ?
4. Lora speaks Italian rather fluently, … ?
5. You don’t know where Sarah is, … ?
6. Let’s have a cup of tea, … ?
7. Don’t forget to lock the door, … ?
8. I think nothing terrible has happened, … ?
9. You have a two-year-old sister, …?
10. Somebody wanted to borrow Keate’s bike, …?
11. I suppose you’re hungry, …?
12. Granddad ate hardly anything, …?
13. They got married last year, …?
14. He never says what he means, …?
15. There’s somebody at the door, …?
16. Such moments happen rarely in life, …?
17. So, you think you’re right and I’m wrong, …?
267
18. Hardly anyone knows how sushi are made, …?
19. I’m too late, … ?
20. No one called when I was out, …?
III. К каждому предложению задайте вопрос-переспрос:
1. It’s time for dinner.
2. He did it on purpose.
3. Juliana doesn’t like seafood.
4. I’m going out for a walk.
5. There is little we can do in this situation.
6. No one is allowed to park here.
7. She’s got a headache.
8. It’s not his fault.
9. I feel worried and nervous.
10. Nothing like this has happened before.
11. He’s old enough to drive a car on his own.
12. Nobody else is going to come.
13. There is hardly any money left.
14. I’d been waiting long before they arrived.
15. The ending of the film was disappointing.
16. I had an e-mail from my former boss yesterday.
17. They say it’s bad luck to spill salt.
18. I’d stay a bit longer if I were you.
19. She’s done her best to help him.
20. I’m not going to apply for that job.
IV. Заполните пропуски, задав разделительный вопрос или воп-
рос-переспрос:
1.
A: I had a letter from Alan yesterday.
B: Oh, … ?
A: Yes, he says he’s coming to stay with us this weekend.
B: Really? That’ll be nice, … ?
2.
A: You couldn’t hold this door open for me, … ? I can’t get the pram
through it.
B: Of course. It’s terrible how they design these doors, … ? It makes it
so difficult for people in wheelchairs or with young children.
3.
A: Debbie and Tony are coming round for dinner tonight.
B: … ? Oh, that’ll be wonderful.
A: Yes. I thought you might like to come too.
268
B: Well yes, but you haven’t seen them for a long time. I expect you’d
like to talk to them on your own, … ?
4.
A: It’s been a wonderful day, … ?
B: Yes, fantastic. And we’ve had no problems with anything, … ? Everything’s been perfect.
A: That’s right. It’ll certainly be a lovely day to remember, … ?
5.
A: I don’t know what to do today. Just look at the rain outside.
B: Well, I don’t want to stay in all day. Let’s go and see a film, … ?
A: Why not? Good idea. There’s nothing much on at the local cinema though, … ?
B: All right. We’ll take the train into town then, … ?
V. В каждом предложении найдите и исправьте ошибку:
1. She often promises to phone me but she does never.
2. How do you get there is your problem.
3. Who you obtained this information from?
4. There are not first-class restaurants in this town.
5. You say the bus goes at ten past six, don’t you?
6. “I haven’t been to the seaside for ages.” “So haven’t I.”
7. Can we get from this stop a number 35 bus?
8. Judy has always to hurry in the morning because she gets up so late.
9. “Would you like to come out with us for the day?” “Yes, I would
like.”
10. Nobody told me why did I have to sign the paper.
VI. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только
одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
Judy:
Lisa:
Judy:
Lisa:
Judy:
Lisa:
Judy:
Lisa:
Judy:
Lisa:
Judy:
Lisa:
(1) … we go to the party tonight?
(2) … is giving a party?
Susan. You know her, (3) … you?
I’m (4) … sure. Has she got long dark hair?
Yes, she (5) … . And she’s quite tall. (6) … you spoken to her?
No, I don’t think (7) … . But I know who you mean. There (8) …
two sisters, Susan and Janet. They’re twins, aren’t (9) … ?
Yes, that’s right.
(10) … one is Susan?
Oh, I (11) … not know. They both look the same. I can’t always
tell them apart.
(12) … can I. In any case, I haven’t been invited to the party.
That (13) … not matter.
OK. (14) … go to it then, shall (15) … ?
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имена существительные
К наиболее употребительным суффиксам и префиксам производных имен существительных относятся:
-age: marriage
-al: arrival
-cy: vacancy
-ance: importance
-ence: silence
-ant (-ent): assistant,
student
-ee: employee
-er (-or, -ar): driver, liar
-ess: actress
-ian: politician
-ion: suggestion
-sion: decision
-ty: certainty
-ity: ability
-ing: building
-ism: journalism
-ist: scientist
-ment: advertisement
-ness: sickness
-ship: friendship
-dom: freedom
-hood: childhood
-th: truth, warmth
-ure: departure
-y: difficulty
dis-: disagreement
il-: illiteracy
im-: impossibility
in-: inability
un-: unemployment
mis-: misfortune
re-: reconstruction
pre-: precaution
co-: coexistence
non-: nonsense
inter-: interaction
under-: underwear
over-: overproduction
-ation: combination
Обратите внимание на образование следующих существительных от прилагательных и глаголов:
deep – depth
free – freedom
high – height
hot – heat
long – length
poor – poverty
proud – pride
strong– strength
wide – width
wise – wisdom
young – youth
to advise – advice
to behave – behaviour
to believe – belief
to bleed – blood
to choose – choice
to complain – complaint
to descend – descent
to die – death
to feed – food
to fly – flight
to grow – growth
to hate – hatred
to know – knowledge
to lend – loan
to live – life
to lose – loss
to practise – practice
to prove – proof
to sell – sale
to serve – service
to shoot – shot
to sing – song
to sit – seat
to speak – speech
to succeed – success
to tell – tale
to think – thought
to weigh – weight
Некоторые имена существительные образуются от глаголов
путем изменения ударного слога. Так, ударение в глаголе обычно падает на второй слог, а в существительном – на первый:
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