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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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ers are able to choose what they like. After finishing, the bill is tallied by
counting how many plates of each color have been taken.
III. Прочитайте утверждения 1–6 и следующий за ними текст.
Установите соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием
текста, определив, являются ли данные утверждения верными
или неверными.
1. Yellowstone is named after the man who discovered it.
2. American Indians first heard about the area in 1806.
3. Another name for Yellowstone National Park is Old Faithful.
4. Yellowstone National Park is the only place on Earth where geysers
exist.
5. It is possible to stay in a tent inside the park.
6. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal fea-
tures.
Yellowstone National Park is located primarily in the US state of
Wyoming, though it also extends into Montana and Idaho. The Park
spans an area of 3,470 square miles, comprising lakes, canyons, rivers
and mountain ranges. Its name comes from certain rocks that have a
yellow colour because of the chemicals in them. It was explored by a
man named John Colter in 1806, although Native American Indians
had known about the area for thousands of years.
Half of the world’s geysers are in Yellowstone. These are hot springs
that explode and send water and steam into the air. They occur when
underground water meets hot rock far beneath the surface of the earth.
The water boils and is forced back to the surface, where it explodes upwards. The most famous is called Old Faithful and it sends thousands of
litres of boiling water into the air approximately once an hour. Geysers
are quite rare but can also be found in places such as the Kamchatka
peninsula, Russia.
Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish and reptiles have been
documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened.
It is home to a large variety of wildlife such as grizzly bears, wolves, bison, and elk. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species
of plants.
About three million people visit the park each year, most either camping or staying in one of the park’s nine hotels. Yellowstone has numerous
recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing
and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter,
visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow
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coaches or snowmobile. The park advises visitors to be very careful and
to remember that many of the larger wild animals, including bears, can
be dangerous.
Since Yellowstone was made into a national park in 1872, many other
national parks have been created to protect areas of natural beauty.
IV. Прочитайте утверждения 1–6 и следующий за ними текст.
Установите соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием
текста, определив, являются ли данные утверждения верными
или неверными.
1. England was a part of the Roman Empire.
2. The wall went from one side of England to the other.
3. Building the wall helped to stop the soldiers from thinking about
home.
4. Hadrian’s Wall is one of the greatest monuments to the power and
limitations of the Roman Empire.
5. None of the wall has remained to the present day.
6. There is a large collection of Roman objects at Chesters House.
In 122 AD, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, the Middle
East and North Africa. In Britain, it reached to the far north of England.
However, many Scottish tribes resisted the Romans. So, in that year,
Emperor Hadrian decided to build a huge wall across the island to keep
them out, to improve economic stability and provide peaceful conditions in Britain, and to mark physically the frontier of the Empire. The
wall ran all the way across England, from what is now Carlisle in the west
to Newcastle in the east – 73 miles in total.
Many people mistakenly believe that the wall was built by slaves.
But by today’s standards we could say that the wall was a kind of occupational therapy for Roman legionaries; men from all over the Empire
who had voluntarily joined the army probably needed such an exercise
to keep them fit and busy in what was, at that time, a lonely outpost at
the farthest edge of the civilised world. To stop them missing home too
much, it was important to give them something to do, and building a
ten-foot-thick wall certainly did that. Local people also benefited, since
the soldiers and craftsmen working on the wall needed to buy supplies
wherever they were. It took six years to build the wall that became a very
clear symbol of the strength of the Romans.
The Romans built forts along the wall to allow traffic to pass north
and south through their gates. Some of these buildings have survived.
The best example is the fort at Chesters House on the River Tyne. The
soldiers living here did not just come from Rome. They also came from
372
modern-day Germany and areas of central Europe, which at the time
the wall was built were under Roman control. Visitors to the fort today
can see a small number of everyday objects in the museum and get an
idea of what life was like on the edge of the Roman world.
Today, a significant portion of Hadrian’s Wall still exists. It is the most
popular tourist attraction in Northern England, where it is often known
simply as the Roman Wall.
V. Прочитайте утверждения 1–6 и следующий за ними текст.
Установите соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием
текста, определив, являются ли данные утверждения верными
или неверными.
1. In ancient times, Egyptians developed mechanical ways to mea-
sure the passing of time.
2. The first mechanical clocks had bells rather than hands.
3. The first rather exact clocks were equipped with only an hour
hand.
4. The minute hand on a table clock moved every fifteen minutes.
5. Most people say that Galileo invented the pendulum clock.
6. The one and only purpose of a clock is to display the time.
The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need
to consistently measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units –
the day, the lunar month, and the year.
For thousands of years, people have wanted a more accurate way of
telling the time than merely looking at the position of the sun in the sky
to see how close to dawn or nightfall is. The sundial, which measures the
time of day by the direction of shadows cast by the sun, was widely used
by the ancient Egyptians. A well-designed sundial can measure local solar time with reasonable accuracy, and sundials continued to be used to
monitor the performance of clocks until the modern era.
Water clocks, along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest timemeasuring instruments. Given their great antiquity, where and when they
first existed is not known and perhaps unknowable. The bowl-shaped
outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed
in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC.
The first mechanical clock appeared around the 9th century. This did
not have hands as modern clocks do. Early mechanical clocks ‘told’ the
time by ringing bells, although they were not very accurate.
The major advance in clock construction occurred in Europe during
the 14th century when the first reasonably accurate clocks were devel-
373
oped. Unlike modern clocks, they did not tell the time to the nearest
minute; rather, they announced when an hour had passed.
Table clocks that had only one time-keeping hand appeared in the
1500s. The dial between the hour markers was divided into four equal
parts making the clocks readable to the nearest 15 minutes.
In 1657 the pendulum clock was invented. Although Galileo came
up with a similar idea first, it is Christiaan Huygens, a prominent Dutch
mathematician, astronomer and physicist, who is generally considered
to be the inventor. Since then, clocks have become more and more accurate. Today, clocks are not just used to tell us the time. They may also be
used to control a device according to time, e.g. an alarm clock, a VCR,
or a time bomb.
374
I. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предложен-
ных текстовых фрагментов:
Unknown Scottish singleton Susan Boyle became one of the most
talked-about people in the world after a brief TV appearance.
Her appearance on reality show Britain’s Got Talent lasted just a few
minutes, (1) ____. From Japan to Denmark to the US, the clip of the
Scottish charity worker’s exciting performance of I Dreamed a Dream
from the musical Les Misérables electrified viewers.
In just a week her life has been turned upside down. (2) ____, with
television crews and journalists from around the globe descending on
her small home town of Blackburn in West Lothian.
Standing in front of the blazing television lights and a crowd of 3,000,
many of whom were simply waiting for her to fail because of the way she
looked, Boyle introduced herself. To stifled laughter from the audience,
she said her ambition was to be a professional singer like Elaine Paige. As
she began to sing their expressions changed; cynicism was replaced by
amazement, broad smiles and the wiping away of tears. (3) ____.
“I expected people to be a little bit cynical,” she says. “But I decided
to win them round. They didn’t know what to expect. (4) ____. It’s as
simple as that. You just have to keep going and take one step at a time
and one day you will make it. You just don’t give up.”
While technology has helped to spread the word, it is the message
behind Boyle’s performance that prompted it in the first place – the fact
that (5) ____.
In the end, (6) ____. When results of the final public vote were announced, Diversity, a youthful 10-member dance group from Essex, had
pushed her into second place, in front of a TV audience of up to 20 million.
This will be remembered as the year Britain’s Got Talent went truly
global, a success due to the astonishing international popularity of Susan
Boyle.
Заполните пропуски 1–3 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. She finished to a standing ovation.
b. but that was long enough to propel 47-year-old amateur singer
Susan Boyle to instant global fame.
375
c. Within days, US networks were demanding interviews as were me-
dia organisations from as far abroad as Japan, Denmark, Canada and
Australia.
d. She has found herself at the centre of an international media frenzy.
Заполните пропуски 4–6 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. Before Britain’s Got Talent, I had never had a proper chance.
b. Susan Boyle’s dream of winning Britain’s Got Talent remained just
that.
c. an ordinary woman in her late 40s without movie-star looks can
still get a break and make her dreams come true.
d. Boyle’s appeal is her naturalness and you won’t suddenly see her
given a makeover.
II. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предложен-
ных текстовых фрагментов:
Imagine being torn away from your family at the tender age of just
14-months and taken to a remote Buddhist monastery in India and
placed on a throne to be worshipped like a god, as the reincarnation of a
spiritual Lama. (1) ____.
His ‘enthroned’ life began when his parents, who previously studied
under the deceased Lama Yeshe, were convinced their son was the reincarnation of Yeshe. (2) ____.
Called the ‘Boy Lama’, Torres was not allowed to watch television,
movies, socialize with girls or play sports. He never went on a date or
attended a high school prom. Movies were also forbidden, (3) ____.
“I never felt like that boy,” he said.
“I dressed in a yellow hat, I sat on a throne, people worshipped me,”
Torres recalled. (4) ____, he said describing how he was taken away
from obscurity in Granada to a monastery in southern India. He felt like
his whole life was one big lie.
By the time Torres was 18, he still had never seen a couple share a
kiss. (5) ____. “I was amazed to watch everyone dance. What were all
those people doing, bouncing, stuck to one another, enclosed in a box
full of smoke?”
(6) ____. Osel Hita Torres freed himself from the severe monkhood
and earned a degree in filmmaking from the University of Madrid. Instead of leading a monastic life, he now sports baggy trousers and long
hair, and is more likely to quote Jimi Hendrix than Buddha. He now
376
refers to himself as “Oz” and has completely renounced his former association with the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition. That, as the Dalai Lama will probably reflect, is karma.
Заполните пропуски 1–3 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. In Tibetan Buddhism, a lama is one of a lineage of reincarnated
spiritual leaders, the most famous of which is the Dalai Lama.
b. The Dalai Lama himself, then formally recognized him as the re-
incarnated soul of Yeshe.
c. except for a sanctioned screening of The Golden Child starring Ed-
die Murphy, about a kidnapped child lama with magical powers.
d. That’s what happened to now 24-year-old Osel Hita Torres, for-
merly worshiped as Lama Tenzin Osel Rinpoche.
Заполните пропуски 4–6 одним из предложенных текстовых фраг
ментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. His first disco experience was a shock.
b. His childhood and teenage years were stolen from him and now he
is trying to make up for lost time.
c. “They took me away from my family and stuck me in a medieval
situation in which I suffered a great deal”.
d. Despite his rebelliousness, he is still known as Lama Tenzin Osel
Rinpoche and idolized by the Buddhist community.
III. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предло-
женных текстовых фрагментов:
The crowning jewel of Indo-Islamic architecture, the Taj Mahal is
regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World and its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn
and sunset. The Taj Mahal (meaning Crown Palace) was commissioned
to be built by Shah Jahan, who reigned over India from 1628 to 1658, in
memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.
(1) ____. In the tradition of the Mughals, important ladies of the
royal family were given another name at their marriage or at some other
significant event in their lives, and that new name was commonly used
by the public.
Mumtaz Mahal was Shah Jahan’s third wife, and became his favourite. (2) ____. She was his constant companion and confidant, his
best friend and most trusted political adviser and their relationship
was intense. During their 19 years of marriage, Mumtaz gave birth to
14 children to ensure the future of the Mughal dynasty. (3) ____.
377
Shah Jahan was so affected by his wife’s death that he locked himself
in his rooms and refused food for eight days. (4) ____.
Mumtaz’s last wish to her husband was “to build a tomb in her memory such as the world had never seen before.” (5) ____. The Taj was constructed over a period of twenty-two years, employing twenty thousand
workers. (6) ____. The Taj Mahal is actually a complex built entirely
of white marble and consisting of a main gateway, a beautiful garden, a
mosque, a guesthouse and the Taj Mahal mausoleum.
Shah Jahan’s reign was cut short when his son, Aurangzeb, seized
the throne in 1658 and imprisoned his father in a tower facing the Taj
Mahal. During his 8 years of confinement until his death in 1666, the
view of the Taj Mahal from his small cell window was Shah Jahan’s only
comfort.
Заполните пропуски 1–3 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. She had a very deep and loving wedlock with Shah Jahan.
b. The name of Mumtaz Mahal means ‘beloved ornament of the pal-
ace’.
c. She died after giving birth to a healthy baby girl.
d. The queen’s real name was Arjumand Banu Begum.
Заполните пропуски 4–6 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. He isolated himself from any human contact for a week and
mourned his loss for two years.
b. Masons, sculptors and artists were summoned from all over the
world to work on it.
c. According to legend, when the emperor emerged from his seclusion, his black beard had turned completely white.
d. Thus, six months after her death, Shah Jahan set about building
this fairytale like marvel.
IV. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предло-
женных текстовых фрагментов:
No place has generated so much speculation and theories as the
standing stones of Stonehenge. After driving for miles through the rolling hills and plains of the English countryside the sight of this unusual
structure makes people gasp. (1) ____. For over 5000 years it has stood
silent vigil over the earth. It has been excavated, x-rayed, measured, and
surveyed. Yet despite all that has been learned about its age and construction, (2) ____.
378
Stonehenge is surely Britain’s greatest national icon, symbolizing
mystery, power and endurance. Its original purpose is unclear to us,
but some have speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of
ancient earth gods. It has been called an astronomical observatory for
marking significant events on the prehistoric calendar. (3) ____. While
we can’t say with any degree of certainty what it was for, we can say that
it wasn’t constructed for any casual purpose. (4) ____.
This ancient monument of huge stones solitarily standing on the
Salisbury Plain has captured imaginations for centuries. (5) ____. Even
today the question of who built Stonehenge is largely unanswered. The
best guess seems to be that the Stonehenge site was begun by the people
of the late Neolithic period as investigations over the last 100 years have
revealed that it was built in several stages from 2800 – 1800 BC.
(6) ____. Many of the original stones have fallen or been removed
by previous generations for home construction or road repair. There has
been serious damage to some of the smaller bluestones resulting from
close visitor contact (prohibited since 1978) and the prehistoric carvings
on the larger stones show signs of significant wear. All the same, Stonehenge today is an awe-inspiring sight, and no travel itinerary around
Britain should omit it.
Заполните пропуски 1–3 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. its purpose still remains one of the great mysteries of the world.
b. Speculation on the reason it was built range from human sacrifice
to astronomy.
c. Others claim that it was a sacred site for the burial of high-ranking
citizens from the societies of long ago.
d. A walk around it only provokes more strange feelings.
Заполните пропуски 4–6 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. Only something very important to the ancients would have
been worth the effort and investment that it took to construct
Stonehenge.
b. The stones we see today represent Stonehenge in ruin.
c. Theories about who built it have included the Druids, Greeks,
Phoenicians, and Atlanteans.
d. In 1986 the site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO’s
list of World Heritage Sites.
379
V. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предложен-
ных текстовых фрагментов:
Love them or hate them, online shops are here to stay, and more and
more are appearing on the World Wide Web every day.
(1) ____. Online stores are usually available seven days a week,
24 hours a day, and many consumers have Internet access both at work
and at home. With a click of a mouse, you can buy an airline ticket, book
a hotel, send flowers to a friend, or purchase your favorite fashions. But
sizing up your finds on the Internet is a little different from checking out
items at the mall.
Shopping on the Internet can be economical, convenient, quick and
no less safe than shopping in a store or by mail. (2) ____.
Know who you’re dealing with. Anyone can set up shop online under almost any name. Confirm the online seller’s physical address and
phone number in case you have questions or problems. If you get an
email or pop-up message while you’re browsing that asks for financial
information, don’t reply or click on the link in the message. (3) ____.
Know exactly what you’re buying. Read the seller’s description of the
product closely, especially the fine print.
Know what it will cost. (4) ____. Factor shipping and handling into
the total cost of the order. Do not send cash under any circumstances.
(5) ____. Can you return the item for a full refund if you’re not satisfied? If you return it, find out who pays the shipping costs or restocking
fees, and when you will receive your order.
Keep a paper trail. Print and save records of your online transactions, including the product description and price, the online receipt,
and copies of every email you send or receive from the seller.
These tips should ensure that you will have a safe and easy shopping
experience. (6) ____. If you don’t feel comfortable buying an item over
the Internet, or if you don’t trust a website 100 per cent, then you may
well be right. Happy shopping!
Заполните пропуски 1–3 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним.
a. Legitimate companies don’t ask for this information via email.
b. By following the advice below, you can ensure that your shopping
trip in cyberspace is a successful one.
c. Don’t email your financial information.
d. Shopping online offers lots of benefits that you won’t find shop-
ping in a store or by mail.
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