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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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You can buy your groceries at midnight, book your holiday on the Internet at 3 a.m., and do business online at the crack of dawn. Before your
join the 24-hour revolution, however, take a minute to listen to what
your body is trying to tell you – that a round-the-clock lifestyle is not
what nature intended.
§ 2. In an area of our brains called the hypothalamus, we have a ‘body
clock’ that controls our body’s natural rhythms. It tells us when it’s the
right time to eat, sleep, work and play. It plays an important part in our
physical and psychological well-being. It is, in fact, what makes us tick
and it controls many things including our hormones, temperature, immune functions and alertness. It synchronises all these like a conductor with an orchestra; it regulates tempo and brings in all the different
instruments on time to make music rather than random noise. If we try
to ignore our body clock, or even to switch them off for a while, we not
only deprive ourselves of much needed rest but we also run the risk of
seriously damaging out health.
§ 3. Ignoring your body clock and changing your body’s natural
rhythms can not only make you depressed, anxious and accident prone,
it can lead to much more serious health problems. For example, heart
disease, fatigue, muscular pain, and frequent viral infections can all result from trying to outsmart our body clocks. Altering our patterns of
sleeping and waking dramatically affects our immune system. While
we sleep the body’s repair mechanisms are at work; when we are awake
natural killer cells circulate around our bodies and cause more damage.
Our digestive system is affected, too – levels of glucose and fat remain
in our bloodstream for longer periods of time and this can lead to heart
disease.
§ 4. Unfortunately we are not designed to be members of a
24-hour society. We can’t ignore millions of years of evolution and stay
up all day and sleep all day. We function best with a regular pattern of
sleep and wakefulness
§ 5. That is in tune with our natural environment. Nature’s cues are
what keep our body clock ticking rhythmically and everything working
in harmony. So, next time you think a daily routine is boring and predictable, remember it may well save your live in the long run.
1. What is the best equivalent for the phrase ‘the 24-hour revolution’? (§1)
a. fast evolution
b. staying up all night
c. round-the-clock lifestyle
d. switching off our body clock
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2. In what way is our body clock like the conductor of an orchestra?
a. The hypothalamus controls our actions.
b. It makes all the body’s functions work together at the right time.
c. The body clock is very precise.
d. We have a special programme.
3. According to the text, our body clock
a. can be changed without harm.
b. determines when we should do things.
c. helps us to fight sleep.
d. is a boring routine.
4. According to the text, we should
a. do things when our body clock tells us to.
b. organize our body clock according to a strict schedule.
c. use the natural environment to work out a regular routine.
d. have a boring, slow-paced lifestyle.
5. If we change our sleep patterns, we
a. will get an infection.
b. will disturb our immune system.
c. will get heart disease.
d. get high level of dangerous cells.
6. The author recommends to
a. go shopping at midnight.
b. work on the Internet at 3 a.m.
c. do business online at dawn
d. listen to your body needs
7. Why is it important to have a standard daily routine?
a. It helps us to live in harmony with our natural environment.
b. It helps to better organize our life.
c. It helps to have regular sleep pattern.
d. It will help us to return to the society of nine-to-fivers.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте:
8. round-the-clock (§ 1)
a. altering patterns of waking and sleeping
b. strict daily routine
c. predictable behaviour
d. life in accordance with body clock
9. tick (§ 2)?
a. check b. motivate с. select d. function
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Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содер
жанием текста:
10. It plays an important part in our physical and psychological well-being. (§ 2)
a. Он играет важную роль в нашем физическом и психическом
благополучии.
b. Оно является важной частью нашего материального и физиологического благосостояния.
c. Наше физическое и психологическое здоровье в значительной мере зависит от них.
d. Она принимает активное участие в нашем хорошем физическом и физиологическом состоянии.
393
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
While Jessica (1) … for a degree in psychology, she (2) … interested
in Italian cuisine. In fact, by the time she (3) … in 2014, she already (4)
… what she (5) … immediately after college. With the help of her parents
she (6) … an Italian restaurant in her native town. Strangely enough,
it was a success. Her mother, who still (7) … the restaurant’s success,
says, “It (8) … sense if it had been an Italian restaurant in New York,
but this?” Jessica, never short of an answer, says, “If I (9) … the capital
earlier, I (10) … a restaurant in every major city in the world now.”
1. a. had studied c. has studied
b. was studying d. had been studied
2. a. has become c. was becoming
b. had been become d. became
3. a. graduated c. was graduating
b. had graduated d. graduates
4. a. has decided c. was deciding
b. had decided d. decides
5. a. will do c. would be doing
b. is going to do d. was doing
6. a. had been opened c. was opening
b. opened d. opens
7. a. doubts c. have doubted
b. is doubting d. is doubted
8. a. makes c. will be making
b. made d. would have made
9. a. had been given c. would be given
b. had given d. was given
10. a. would have run c. will run
b. would be running d. run
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
I’m sure you love those casual days when you have nothing to do,
nowhere to go, and can curl up and read (11) … good book or watch your
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favourite TV shows. But then (12) … doorbell rings … Is it your friend?
No, it’s (13) … postman and you look like a crazy haired caveman! I do
think everyone has the right (14) … those days but maybe you should be
more prepared (15) … case of those surprise visits. These are a few tips
to think about next time you have (16) … casual day. First, buy a jumper
that you will use for those days when you want to relax! (17) … same is
with your trousers – put (18) … some comfy leggings. Instead (19) …
your slippers that your grandma left behind last Christmas, try a pair of
sneakers. Pull your hair into a bun, plait (коса) or ponytail so that your
hair doesn’t look like a bird’s nest. These little things may help (20) …
you when you get caught out next time the postman pops in.
11. a. a b. an c. the d. –
12. a. a b. an c. the d. –
13. a. a b. an c. the d. –
14. a. on b. of c. for d. to
15. a. in b. for c. with d. on
16. a. a b. an c. the d. –
17. a. a b. an c. the d. –
18. a. off b. on c. out d. up
19. a. – b. of c. off d. to
20. a. to b. by c. – d. for
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных ва-
риантов ответа:
21. My father gave me two valuable … .
a. pieces of advice c. advice
b. advices d. pieces of advices
22. For me travelling by ferry is … than by train.
a. more pleasanter c. much pleasant
b. a lot more pleasant d. far most pleasant
23. I’m fed up with the telephone today. I’ve had more than … calls.
a. a dozen c. dozen of
b. dozens d. a dozen of
24. A new mobile application will let drivers … traffic conditions in the
city.
a. to monitor c. monitor
b. monitoring d. to be monitored
25. … I asked him to stop, he went on tapping his fingers on the table.
a. In spite of c. So that
b. Since d. Though
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Прочитайте предложения. Укажите номер подчеркнутого фраг-
мента, в котором допущена ошибка:
26. I never know (A) which (B) to say (C) when people ask what my
hobbies are (D).
27. How’s that friend of you (A), who (B) moved to London some
five years (C) ago, getting on (D)?
28. The school requires (A) that the childrens’ spare footwear (B)
must be kept (C) in special lockers (D).
29. It’s (A) nothing more annoying (B) than people that interrupt
you (C) when you are speaking (D).
30. I wish Zack would buy himself (A) a bike because (B) he is always
lending (C) mine (D).
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
There is a troubling trend among modern youth who are so (31) … to
become celebrities that almost one in ten would (32) ... up their education if they had the opportunity to (33) ... up on television. Some teens
believe that becoming famous is a great way to (34) ... wealthy without
skills or qualifications and others say that they are “waiting to be (35)
...”. But where is the evidence that young people have an unhealthy appetite for fame and are more interested in becoming glamour models
than doctors or scientists?
In fact, the majority of teenagers (36) ... that their idols have talents
they can only dream of, and in most (37) ... do much more work than
they would ever be willing to. So most of them take a clear (38) ... at their
skills and interests and choose a more (39) ..., although less exciting,
career path. A low percentage of those who have the skills and drive can
possibly go on to wealth and fame, but there are countless (40) ... hearts
for every star on Broadway.
31. a. fond b. keen c. enjoy d. enthusiastic
32. a. leave b. drop c. refuse d. give
33. a. appear b. come c. turn d. present
34. a. reach b. become c. receive d. obtain
35. a. founded b. invented c. discovered d. explored
36. a. realize b. accept c. aware d. catch
37. a. event b. conditions c. occasion d. cases
38. a. vision b. sight c. view d. look
39. a. sensitive b. sensible c. clever d. smart
40. a. broken b. damaged c. ruined d. split
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Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предло-
женной реплике-стимулу:
41. Sorry to keep you waiting.
a. Don’t mention it. c. You are welcome.
b. That’s all right. d. Not at all.
Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую по смыслу к предло-
женной ответной реплике:
42. Has he? It’s not like him.
a. He’s acting like he’s the boss.
b. He’s never been abroad.
c. He hasn’t done anything to help me.
d. He’s lied to me again!
Прочитайте диалог. Ответьте на вопрос, следующий после
диалога, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
43. Man: Has your sister given birth to her baby yet?
Woman: Yes, she had a baby boy last month.
What is the baby’s relationship to the woman?
a. cousin c. nephew
b. uncle d. grandson
Установите соответствие между репликами-стимулами 1–4
и ответными репликами (A–E). Одна реплика (A–E) является лишней:
44. 1. Did you switch off the lights? A. By all means.
2. Here’s another cup of tea for you. B. That would be great!
3. You seem to be a bit nervous. C. I think so, but
4. Do you mind if I make a phone call? I’d better make sure.
D. Not in the least.
a. 1A 2B 3D 4E c. 1E 2D 3A 4C
b. 1D 2A 3C 4B d. 1C 2E 3D 4A
E. Oh, it’s so kind of you.
Расположите реплики так, чтобы получился связный диалог.
Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
45. A. Do you think they’ll make a lovely couple?
B. What do you mean?
C. Well, couples that do everything together usually don’t last very
long.
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D. Guess what! Gretta and Bobby are going to marry.
E. Definitely. They have a lot in common, but not too much.
F. I know. In fact, I’m the one who made them meet.
a. D A B E F C c. D F A E B C
b. A F E C B D d. B D A C F E
Прочитайте текст. Выберите вариант ответа, соответс-
твующий содержанию прочитанного текста:
§1. Each step we take on the Web leaves a digital footprint, or information about ourselves that the online world can see. Every time you
register for an online service, send an email, download a video or upload
a photo, the information can be accessed and your digital footprint can
be revealed. Your digital footprints may allow others to follow your actions, such as which web sites you use, what things you search for, and
who is in your social circle.
§2. Here are some tips for taking care of your digital footprint. Don’t
forget to log off when you leave a website, especially if you are using a
shared computer. If you don’t, someone can easily pretend to be you!
If you want to post comments online, you don’t have to use your own
name. Invent a nickname to use instead. You can also use a picture instead of a real photo.
§3. Don’t tell anyone your passwords and don’t write them down in
an obvious place. Make them more complex by using a combination of
letters, numbers and punctuation marks. Tell an adult if you come across
anything online that makes you upset, anxious or concerned. There are
ways to report inappropriate or abusive content and in most cases web
managers respond rapidly.
§4. All kinds of people are interested in your digital footprint. It’s
now quite common for universities and employers to check out the online profiles of possible candidates as part of their application process.
There are cases of people who missed out on jobs and places in college
because their digital footprint didn’t impress the recruiters. So, remember: keep safe, don’t put too much personal information online and always think carefully before you post something. Your digital footprints
are bigger than you may have thought, and they are being used to track
you, customize for you, and market to you.
46. When you go online, you ...
a. can choose what information is recorded about you.
b. leave a trail behind you.
c. do not submit personal details to websites.
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47. Someone could claim to be you if you don’t log off when ...
a. abandoning a site.
b. posting a comment.
c. sharing a photo.
48. If a user reports improper publication, ...
a. service providers usually react immediately.
b. web managers exchange data about customer profiles.
c. they give up some control over their privacy.
49. Think carefully before ...
a. reporting the incident to a service provider.
b. creating your profile on the Internet.
c. revealing private data about yourself.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте:
50. obvious (§3)
a. noticeable b. significant c. invisible
51. customize (§4)
a. buy b. personalize c. network
Прочитайте текст. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу
в соответствии с его содержанием:
(52)____ For most people, shopping is a daily routine, something
boring but necessary – like housework. For others, shopping is a pleasant and relaxing pastime, an escape from monotonous work. For a minority, however, shopping can be as dangerous as consuming too much
alcohol or being addicted to drugs. For these «shopaholics», a trip to a
department store can become a way of adding to the addiction. While
the media sometimes use the word casually, shopaholics suffer from a
real, and sometimes very frightening, lack of self-control.
(53)____ Why does this happen? Psychologists claim that the
«shopaholic» sees spending money as a way of escaping from reality
and a means of achieving happiness. They go shopping when they feel
depressed, and use spending as a way of coping with their low spirits.
They do not shop because they enjoy it, or because they need the things
they buy. They shop because they believe that buying something new
will make their lives happier. Their addiction is often a sign of chronic depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. People fill their lives with
«things» because they can’t face their own unhappiness. Shopping then
becomes a form of therapy.
(54)____ Without a doubt, we live in a ‘spend-happy’ society. Most
people live beyond their means and are in debt. Many people, whatever
399
their level of income, think of shopping as a hobby. They take weekend-long shopping excursions, spend money they do not have, and often
regret their purchases the next day. People get caught in a vicious circle
(порочный круг) in which the «high» of spending money is soon replaced by disappointment, and finally depression, as the debts pile up.
New things quickly lose their attraction and then the desire to shop and
spend starts all over again.
(55)____ The widespread use of credit cards has led to a marked increase in the number of shopaholics. According to experts, the banks
have made credit cards too easy to obtain, with the result that more and
more people are using them. Using a credit card gives one the illusion
that no money is being spent. People can go on for years, spending vast
sums every month on credit without realising it.
(56)____ Unfortunately, many shopaholics are not aware that they
have a problem until it is too late. They end up either with huge debts
to the bank or in court. Unlike a dependency on alcohol or drugs, an
addiction to shopping and spending money is less easy to detect but, as
with other forms of addiction, the «shopaholic» is also in need of professional help. Unfortunately, there are no laws to prevent banks from
giving out credit cards. Few governments will interfere with them as long
as they are profitable.
(57)____ It seems, then, that the solution to the problem lies with
the therapists who specialise in this disorder, and with the patients themselves. Getting to the root of the shopaholic’s depression and helping the
shopaholic to face up to and cope with the real problems that stimulate
their shopping mania is the only practical approach. Buying another
new dress is not the answer.
Подберите заголовки к абзацам 52–54 из предложенных (a–d). Один
заголовок является лишним:
a. Shop your way to happiness?
b. Shopping – the trouble for most of us.
c. Not the same for everyone.
d. Short-lived pleasure.
Подберите заголовки к абзацам 55–57 из предложенных (a–d). Один
заголовок является лишним:
a. The dangers of credit.
b. The only answer.
c. Blaming the banks.
d. It’s not so obvious.
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