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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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Прочитайте текст. Выберите вариант ответа, соответс-
твующий содержанию прочитанного текста:
§1. Is there anything that one could do to minimize forgetting, or
to improve memory? You have undoubtedly seen advertisements in
magazines that promise to tell you how you can acquire ‘super-power’
memory in return for a modest financial contribution to the advertiser.
Should you believe such advertisement or not? One method, as always, is
the empirical one: you try it out and see whether it works. Another one is
to rely on general knowledge that psychologists have accumulated about
memory over the years. Here are a few observations.
§2. In Alfred Hitchcock’s classic movie, The 39 Steps, some villains
plan to smuggle state secrets out of wartime England. Their idea is to
store the sensitive information in the brain of Mr. Memory, a person
who never forgets anything, and cross the English Channel with him. It
is a faultless method of escaping detection by customs officials and other
government agents. You will have to catch the movie on the late show to
find out whether or not they succeed.
§3. Every now and then in real life a person appears who is capable
of amazing feats of memory comparable to those of Hitchcock’s Mr.
Memory. One of the best known was the famous mnemonist S. who
was thoroughly studied by the Russian psychologist Aleksandr Luria.
S. could commit to memory large amounts of verbal material – words,
letters, numbers and formulas – and faithfully reproduce it even many
years later. Although it was never established exactly why his memory
ability was so different from that of ordinary people, Aleksandr Luria did
identify certain remarkable characteristics of S. S. perceived sounds as
colours, and he could translate all spoken utterances into highly distinctive colourful images. Moreover, he encoded all verbal materials, whether seen or heard, into structured collections of graphic images. What
remained mysterious was the fact that S. did not seem to forget anything
he had learned, ever.
§4. Can anyone train himself or herself to have the kind of super-
power memory that S. had? Probably not. S. seems to have been born
with remarkable memory skills, and he spent a lot of time cultivating and
improving his native talent. There is, however, no doubt that some improvement is possible for most people. The major determinants of such
improvement are motivation and hard work.
46. Why are people interested in advertisements about memory?
a. They would forget less.
b. They want to have a simple definition of memory.
c. They want to test their memory ability.
431
47. What is the best way to check whether the promises in the advertise-
ments are to be trusted?
a. To pay some contribution to the advertiser.
b. To rely on scientific knowledge.
c. To watch the movie The 39 Steps by A. Hitchcock.
48. What was the result of A. Luria’s investigation?
a. He discovered the mystery of S’s never forgetting anything.
b. He proved that sounds and colours are identical things.
c. He revealed some of the specific properties of S’s memory.
49. Why is it problematic that anyone can develop the kind of memory
that S. had?
a. You must be born with super-power skills.
b. It costs a lot of money and takes a lot of time.
c. You must have a person who will help you cultivate your natural
ability.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте:
50. modest (§1)
a. generous b. moderate c. shy
51. remarkable (§3)
a. mentioned b. unforgettable c. extraordinary
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски одним из предложен-
ных текстовых фрагментов:
Few industries have changed so much in such a short time as the
computer industry, and the pace of change shows no sign of slowing. The
computer now has radically affected the way people work, play, study
and organise their lives.
Computers are influencing ways of teaching and learning, as access
to computers in schools is becoming more widespread and varied. (52)
____ In a teaching mode, computers provide a wide variety of information and practice material. They can also play a testing rote in a range of
subjects. (53) ____
In the fast-changing world of business, employees are being physi-
cally removed from the workplace and their colleagues, while remaining
virtually connected via telephone, and the Internet. Laptop computers
enable businesspeople who travel to have access to important information at the touch of a key. (54) ____
Computers are used as calculations, keeping stock records, airline
reservations, and scientific and engineering computations. Computers
are also important in the collection, organisation, storage, retrieval and
interpretation of information. (55) ____
432
In the home, the computer has become a great source of entertain-
ment with the introduction of interactive Virtual Reality programs which
are available on CD-ROM or through the Internet. They enable people
located in different places to come together and interact with one another in real time using speech, sound and 3-D animated graphics. (56)
____
Nowadays, computers come equipped not only with a mouse, but
also a host of different devices. Such components are essential if you are
to spend any time on-line, whether it is playing games or researching any
number of topics on the Internet. (57) ____ It is possible to explore sites
on anything you are interested in, or even chat with celebrities, experts
and others who share your interest. Keep up with the latest news, fashions and reports.
In the future, today’s technology will probably become obsolete as
machines become more powerful.
Заполните пропуски 52–54 одним из предложенных текстовых фраг-
ментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним:
a. Outside the classroom, computers provide people with greater
flexibility and freedom, and also allow them to organise their time in a
more productive way.
b. Their use enables the learner to develop at his or her own pace and
makes the whole learning process more flexible.
c. Computers are machines which take over more mechanical aspects
of brain.
d. Connections through a modem allow them to transfer data, any-
where in the world.
Заполните пропуски 55–57 одним из предложенных текстовых фраг-
ментов (a–d). Один фрагмент является лишним:
a. Then, there maу well be a microchip in each telephone receiver
with more computing power than the huge machines of today.
b. Here you can get all kinds of valuable information and the beauty
of it is that you do not need to leave your house to find it
c. Programs like these can often be downloaded free from different
sites.
d. In fact, they are essential tools in almost every field of work from
constructing models of the universe to predicting tomorrow’s weather
reports.
Прочитайте текст. От приведенных в скобках слов образуйте
однокоренные слова таким образом, чтобы они грамматически
433
и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами:
In a job interview, the applicant’s particular skills, abilities, experi-
ences and knowledge are matched against a list of (1) … (essence) and
desirable qualities. This list is known as the person specification, and
the better the candidate matches this specification, the higher are his
or her chances of getting the job. The list emphasizes the (2) … (neces-
sary) of making a positive impression on the interviewer. It also stresses
the need to (3) … (relate) experience, qualifications and general work
background, as well as the impression that you’re an (4) … (enthusiasm)
and motivated individual with a genuine interest in the work and the
employer’s organization.
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только
одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
School uniforms are traditional in (5) … public and private schools in
Britain. They promote a single standard of dress and eliminate the need
to argue over (6) … to wear to school every day. With uniforms, students
find ways to express (7) … creatively, rather (8) … through their clothes –
through the arts, music, sports, personality and academic achievement.
Прочитайте текст (66-67). В каждом абзаце найдите по два
лишних слова.
66. Advances in technology mean today’s teens are facing issues that
no previous generation has ever been seen. In fact, average teens spend
more over nine hours each day using their electronic devices. Their
social media habits are changing the way young people communicate,
learn, sleep, and exercise.
67. They don’t eat a healthy diet no any more with numerous fast
food outlets being opened up. Most are sleep deprived, thanks to the low
call costs and internet charges at night time. To cut a long story short,
they do not maintain so a healthy lifestyle.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, дан-
ный в скобках.
68. The ice was thin and (была) a danger of the skaters’ falling
through it.
69. Oh, here you are! And where are (другие) participants?
70. Hardly anyone seems to care about the environment, (не так ли)?
434
1. d
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. c
7. b
8. a
9. b
10. a
11. d
12. c
13. c
14. a
15. b
16. a
17. c
18. d
19. d
20. b
21. a
22. d
23. a
24. d
25. a
26. b
27. c
28. b
29. d
30. b
31. a
32. a
33. c
34. a
35. b
36. c
37. d
38. a
39. a
40. d
41. b
42. a
43. a
44. c
45. c
46. a
47. d
48. d
49. c
50. b
51. c
52. a
53. b
54. a
55. d
56. a
57. b
58. d
59. с
60. a
61. d
62. b
63. d
64. b
65. c
66. b
67. a
68. b
69. d
70. a
1. scientific
2. beneficial
3. directly
4. strengthen
5. treatments
6. than
7. it
8. well
9. these
10. as
11. who themselves
12. it on
13. There are
14. neither
15. do they
I.
echoes boy-friends toothpastes workmen stepmothers
times activities employees phenomena winter days
roofs views runners-up holidays companies
feet knives photos sisters-in-law months
wishes diagnoses taxis umbrellas 1990s
videos approaches societies losses shoe shops
II.
1. is
2. is
3. works
4. are
11. is, is
12. has
13. is
14. think, was
21. are
22. was
23. have
24. are
435
5. is
6. advice
7. was
8. teas
9. are
10. is
III.
1. Life
2. time
3. an experience
4. a painting
IV.
1. has
2. are
3. have
4. know
V.
1. Thanks
2. news
3. was
4. outskirts
5. headquarters
VI.
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. с
VII.
1. a
2. с
3. с
4. a
5. b
VIII.
1. The bus driver has the right to check passengers’ tickets.
2. The editor-in-chief’s office is on the second floor.
3. A man’s hands are stronger than a woman’s.
4. Do you know the Moles’ new address?
6. с
7. с
8. a
9. с
10. a
15. isn’t
16. is
17. pay
18. has
19. are
20. raise
5. a paper
6. orange juice
7. fruits
5. are
6. want
7. has
6. is
7. savings
8. it
9. damage
10. surroundings
6. d
7. b
8. a
9. с
10. c
11. b
12. a
13. b
14. a
15. b
25. is
26. does
27. are
28. was
29. are
30. are
11. aren’t
12. crossroads
13. is
14. is
15. gives
16. b
17. a
18. с
19. a
20. b
436
5. Mr. Weird specializes in illustrating children’s books.
6. Let me introduce to you my sister’s husband’s father.
7. Every year I spend my summer holidays at my aunt Lorene’s.
8. The flat is in 20 minutes’ walk from the city centre.
9. My boss’s personal assistant reads all the customers’ letters.
10. She can’t think of anyone else’s problems but her own.
11. Our parents’ advice and support is extremely valuable in all areas of
our lives.
12. Look at those two off-road cars. One is our director’s and the other
is his deputy’s.
13. He likes attracting other people’s attention to himself.
14. My father asked me to buy a yesterday’s newspaper at the bookseller’s.
15. Linda’s boyfriend’s name is Mark. He is my granny’s next door
neighbour.
IX.
1. were
2. someone else’s
3. shoe shop
4. are
5. think
6. is
7. coffees
8. children’s
teacher
9. one piece
of advice
10. five minutes’
11. is
12. find
13. were
14. parents-in-law’s
15. means
16. sports club
17. isn’t
18. a chemist’s
19. woods
20. look
X.
1. morning
2. work
3. doctor
4. bed / sleep
5. clock
6. breakfast
7. work
8. were
XI
1. damage
2. gossip
3. a work
4. stairs
5. crossroads
6. chemist’s
7. neighbour’s / neighbours’
8. two-day
9. women’s
10. flower shop / florist’s
I.
1. a
2. an
3. –
4. the
5. an
6. –
7. an
8. –
9. –
10. the
11. a
12. –
13. a
14. –
15. –
16. a
17. the
18. –
19. a
20. the
21. –
22. the
23. A
24. A
25. a, an
437
II.
1. the, the
2. A, the
3. an, the
4. The, a
5. a, a
III.
1. the
2. The
3. an
4. The
5. The, the
6. a
7. The
8. The
9. the
IV.
1. The, –, –
2. The, the, the
3. the, –
4. –, –, a
5. a, –
6. a, the
7. the, the, –
8. the, a, –
9. The, the, the
V.
1. the
2. the
3. an
VI.
1. A
2. –
3. a
4. a
5. a
VII.
1. the
2. –
3. –
4. –
5. a
6. The, a
7. the, the
8. –, the
9. –, –
10. –, the
4. the
5. a
6. the
6. –
7. the
8. the
9. the
10. a
6. the
7. –
8. the
9. a
10. the
11. The, a
12. the, –
13. The, the
14. an, a
15. –, the
10. the, –
11. The, –
12. The, the
13. –, –
14. The, the
15. –, the
16. the
17. The, –
18. –, the, –
10. –, –, the, –
11. –, the, –, –
12. the, a, –, the
13. the, a, –
14. a, the, the
15. –, –, a, –
16. –, –, the
17. a, a, –, –, –
18. the, –, –, –
7. the
8. a
9. a
11. The
12. the
13. a
14. the
15. the
11. –
12. –
13. –
14. a
15. –
16. an, –
17. a, the
18. The, the
19. a, a
20. A, a
19. the, –, –
20. –, the, –, –
21. The, –, –
22. The, the
23. –, –, the, the
24. –, the, the
25. the, the, the, the
19. a, the, the, –
20. a, –, the, the
21. a, –, the, the
22. the, the, –, –, the
23. –, the, the, a
24. –, –, a, –
25. –, –, –, the, the
10. the
11. the
12. the
16. the
17. the
18. the
19. a
20. the
16. –
17. –
18. the
19. a
20. –
21. the, –
22. an, a
23. an, the
24. a, a
25. the, the
438
VIII.
1. a
2. –
3. –
4. a
5. The
6. –
7. a
8. –
9. the
10. the
IX.
1. a
2. –
3. –
4. –
5. a
6. –
7. an
8. a
9. the
10. –
11. The
12. a
13. The
14. –
15. a
X.
1. the thousand dollars
2. the machinery (the equipment)
3. The computer
4. half price
5. an alibi
6. а good salary
7. the Seven
8. valuable advice
11. –
12. the
13. –
14. –
15. a
16. a
17. the
18. a
19. The
20. a
16. the
17. –
18. –
19. a
20. –
21. the
22. the
23. a
24. the
25. a
9. gossip
10. three times a week
11. a profit
12. out of danger
13. great demand
14. The Prime Minister’s residence
15. Lloyd’s Bank, Great Britain
I.
1. them
2. its
3. you, us
4. their
5. them, ours
II.
1. It
2. There
3. it
4. It
5. There
6. me, his
7. him
8. my, him, him
9. her
10. it, her, She
6. It
7. It
8. There
9. It, it
10. There, It
11. himself
12. ourselves
13. yourselves
14. –, I
15. –, –, yourself
11. There, it
12. There, It
13. There
14. there, it
15. It, there, It, there
439
III.
1. one
2. mine
3. this
4. ones
5. those
IV.
1. some
2. any
3. no
4. anyone / anybody
5. Any
V.
1. much
2. a lot of / many
3. little
4. a few
5. many
VI.
1. both
2. none
3. either
4. either
5. None
6. each other
7. you are
8. one another
9. –
10. that
6. any, none
7. anything
8. something
9. no one / nobody
10. any
6. a lot of
7. much
8. a little
9. a few
10. little
6. neither
7. both
8. none
9. Either
10. both
11. They
12. that of a parent
13. this, these
14. each other
15. ones, –
11. No one / Nobody
12. somebody / someone
13. Nowhere
14. no, any
15. none
11. much
12. few
13. many
14. few, little
15. much, many, much
11. Either
12. None
13. neither
14. either
15. none
VII.
1. Everybody / Everyone
2. each
3. whole
4. every
5. everybody / everyone
VIII.
1. another
2. other
3. another
4. another
5. the other
440
6. All
7. everything
8. each
9. Every
10. all
6. the other
7. others
8. other
9. another
10. the others
11. Everything
12. whole
13. every
14. all
15. whole
11. other
12. another
13. the other
14. others
15. another
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