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2. If you (will lose / lose) your credit card, you have to inform the
bank.
3. I hope that if I (do / will do) my best, they will give me a permanent
contract after a few months.
4. If you (were / had been) in his shoes, what would you do?
5. I wish you (attended / had attended) the meeting yesterday.
6. Let me give you some advice. If you smoked less, you (wouldn’t
feel / wouldn’t have felt
7. Unless you (don’t send / send) us all the documents, we won’t be
able to deliver you the goods.
8. Why didn’t you phone? If I (knew / had known) you were coming,
I would have met you at the airport.
9. She (wouldn’t have missed / wouldn’t miss) the deadline if she
weren’t so disorganized.
10. We are having a lovely time in Brighton. I wish you (were / had
been) here.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Teachers are always right (even if / only if) they are wrong.
2. I would prefer a window seat (in case / if) it is possible.
3. I will bring you a blanket (in case / unless) it gets cold.
4. (But for / If not) your encouragement, I would not be where I am
today.
5. I can lend you my car (providing / supposing) that you buy your
own petrol.
6. You won’t succeed (unless / if) you don’t take a few risks.
7. My boss will give me a day off (on condition / in case) that I work
on Sunday morning.
8. (Provided / Suppose) your mobile broke down on holiday, what
would you do?
9. My mum always makes up a shopping list (unless / in case) she
forgets what to buy at the supermarket.
10. (But for / Otherwise) one mistake, Berta would have got all the
questions correct on the test.
) so tired.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. We exchange goods only if you … a receipt.
a. will produce c. produce
b. produced d. would produce
2. I wish I … a senior staff member so that I can use the car park.
a. was c. had been
b. were d. would be
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3. Unless you … me alone, I’ll call the police.
a. leave c. won’t leave
b. will leave d. don’t leave
4. But for the life jacket, he … .
a. would drown c. had drowned
b. would have drowned d. will drown
5. If he … in time, he would have taken all necessary measures.
a. were warned c. was warned
b. had warned d. had been warned
6. They wish they … the job to Mr. Crosby. Now they regret about it.
a. wouldn’t give c. hadn’t given
b. didn’t give d. haven’t given
7. I’m so annoyed about my car accident. If only I … more careful!
a. were c. have been
b. would be d. had been
8. If the quality of the product hadn’t been so bad, we … .
a. hadn’t complained c. wouldn’t have complained
b. wouldn’t complain d. didn’t complain
9. If I … you, I’d ask a lawyer for some advice.
a. were c. would be
b. had been d. was
10. His face did not express anything as though he … at all at hearing the
news.
a. didn’t be surprised c. were not surprised
b. wouldn’t be surprised d. has not been surprised
11. If you … goods on the Internet, they always … you an e-mail confirmation.
a. order; will send c. had ordered; would have sent
b. order; send d. ordered; would send
12. The bank … you money to set up a company unless you … some kind
of business plan.
a. won’t lend; had c. won’t lend; have
b. wouldn’t lend; didn’t have d. will lend; don’t have
13. According to the timetable, if the train …on time, we … at 5.30.
a. leaves; will arrive c. would leave; arrived
b. left; would arrive d. had left; will arrive
14. If … about their financial problems, I … business with them.
a. I’d known; wouldn’t have done
b. I’d know; didn’t do
c. I knew; wouldn’t have done
d. I’d have known; hadn’t done
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15. If today … Sunday, we … to go to work.
a. was; won’t have c. had been; would not have had
b. had been; would not have d. were; would not have
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в требующейся форме:
1. As a rule we (not employ) people unless they (be) experienced and
eager to work hard.
2. If the motorcyclist (wear) a helmet, he (survive) the accident.
3. I don’t know how to play baseball, but I’m sure that if I (do),
I (play) a lot better than anyone in this awful team!
4. But for the delay in delivery we (not have) to pay damages.
5. Jean thinks that everyone likes her. If only she (know) what people
say behind her back!
6. If I (be) you, I (not waste) time. I would learn foreign languages.
7. I wish you (tell) me about the test. I haven’t done any revision.
8. If Graham (not lose) his watch, he (not miss) the plane.
9. I’d like to buy a car but I’m too young to drive. I wish I (be) three
years older.
10. Suppose you (see) a ghost. What would you do?
11. I (be) back tomorrow unless there (be) a plane strike.
12. If the Managing Director (not go) on a business trip, he (sign) the
contract, I’m sure. But now you’ll have to wait for him to return.
13. I think if I (obtain) a Master of Business Administration degree,
I (improve) my job prospects.
14. I wish the people next door (not make) so much noise. I can’t hear
myself think!
15. If our side (be) better prepared, we (succeed) in yesterday’s talks.
16. It’s quite simple really. If you (take) these tablets every day, then
you (lose) weight. Just try and you’ll see!
17. If you (save) some money, you (not be) so hard up now.
18. I’ve got a terrible headache. If only I (not drink) that wine.
19. We (stop) the meeting now if there (be) nothing else to discuss.
20. I wish the government (do) something about the pollution in the
city.
21. If I (be) in your position, I (persist) in having more staff in your
department.
22. If he (take) his job more seriously, he (advance) long ago.
23. If Bill (not steal) the car, he (not be) in prison now.
24. I think your letter hasn’t arrived yet. If it (come), I’m sure I (no-
tice) it.
25. I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone (treat) me like
that, I (be) extremely angry!
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V. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. They treat their dog as though it (were / had been) a human being.
2. Bill kept on talking as if he (hadn’t heard / didn’t hear) a word
I had said.
3. He acted as though he (knew / had known) me for a long time and
put me at ease immediately.
4. Live every day as if it (were going / had gone) to be your last; be-
cause one day you’re sure to be right.
5. When Molly came in from the downpour, she looked as if she
(took / had taken) a shower with her clothes on.
6. If we want to catch the last train, it’s time (to leave / left).
7. It’s almost midnight! It’s about time you (were going / had gone)
home.
8. I think it’s time for us (talked / to talk) about our relationship.
9. Isn’t it time you (took / to take) this suit to the drycleaner’s? It’s
ages since you had it cleaned.
10. Clive and Hilda have been engaged for over three years already.
It’s high time they (got / get) married!
VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в требующейся форме:
1. I would rather (have) one true friend than a million fake ones.
2. You had better (take) insect repellent if you are going to camp by
the river.
3. I’d rather we (not go) to the barbecue tomorrow. The weather leaves
much to be desired.
4. Would you rather (be) a lawyer or an economist?
5. The party was awesome. I would rather we (stay) a little longer.
6. We had better (leave) right away if we don’t want to get stuck in
a traffic jam.
7. I’d rather you (get) a taxi than walk – it’s not safe in the streets at
night.
8. I would rather (not show) my feelings in front of other people.
9. We had better (not ring) Marianne now. She may be putting her
baby to bed.
10. I’d rather you (stop) asking me every time you have a problem.
VII. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Today has been the worst day of my life and I wish it (1) (were / had
been) over! What I did was completely wrong. If only I (2) (didn’t shout /
hadn’t shouted) at the referee! It was a stupid thing to do, especially with
all my friends and family watching. If I (3) (had kept / kept) my temper
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on the pitch, I (4) (wouldn’t have been sent off / wouldn’t be sent off) and
we (5) (could have won / could win) the game. I realize that I had let my
fans down and I wish I (6) (would / could) make it up to them. People say
that I’ve set a bad example for younger players and I’m really sorry about
that. I wish I (7) (would be / were) a better role model. But right now
I wish that the press (8) (will leave / would leave) me in peace.
VIII. Дополните диалог, употребив глагол в соответствующей
форме:
Adam is a music student. He rents a room from Mr. Day.
Mr. Day:
Adam:
Mr. Day:
Adam:
Mr. Day:
Can’t you stop playing that trumpet? You’re making an
awful noise.
Well, if I (1) (not practise), I won’t pass my exam.
But why at night? It’s half past twelve. If you (2) (play)
it in the daytime, I (3) (not hear) you because I’d be at
work. If you (4) (tell) me about this trumpet when you first
came here, I (5) (not let) you have the room. I’m afraid it’s
becoming a nuisance. If you (6) (not play) so loud, it (7)
(not be) so bad.
I’m sorry, but you can’t play a trumpet quietly.
If I (8) (realize) a year ago what you were going to do, then
I (9) (throw) you out long ago. If you go on making this noise
at night, I (10) (have) to complain to your college.
IX. Дополните репортаж, употребив глагол в соответствую-
щей форме:
Yesterday protesters against a new road managed to hold up work on
the Oldbury bypass. Protest leader Alison Compton defended the action
by members of the Green World group. “If we don’t protest, soon there
(1) (be) no countryside left,” she told reporters. The bypass is now well
behind schedule, and if the protesters (2) (not hold up) the work so often,
it (3) (open) two months ago. “If these fields (4) (disappear), we’ll never
see them again,” said Ms Compton. “Why can’t we use public transport? If more people (5) (travel) on buses and trains, we wouldn’t need
new roads. If the motor car never (6) (exist), the world (7) (be) a more
pleasant place today.”
But many people in Oldbury want their new bypass. “If they (8) (not
build) it soon, the traffic jams in the town (9) (get) worse,” said Asif Mo-
hammed, whose house is beside the busy A34. “We just can’t leave things
as they are. If things remained the same, people’s health (10) (suffer)
even more from all the pollution here. It’s terrible. If we (11) (not get)
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the traffic out of the town, I (12) (go) mad. If I (13) (know) earlier how
bad this problem would get, I (14) (move) out years ago. But now it has
become impossible to sell this house because of the traffic. The government waited too long. If they (15) (do) something earlier, there (16) (be)
less traffic today.”
And the protest is making the new road even more expensive. “If this
(17) (go) on, there (18) (not be) enough money left to finish the road,”
says the Transport Minister.
X. В каждом предложении найдите и исправьте ошибку:
1. I wish the weather isn’t so dreadful today.
2. What you would do if you lived here all the time, as we do?
3. If I had been you, I’d try to follow the advice of your parents.
4. I wouldn’t leave my last job if the wages had been better.
5. This pie would taste better if you would add more sugar in it.
6. I wish you didn’t slam the door when you come in. It makes me
angry.
7. If I hadn’t have to go, I’d be happy to stay for a chat.
8. I’ll make some remarks if I were in charge of this project.
9. If only the children can participate in this competition.
10. I’d have told you the way this puzzle is being solved if I knew it,
but I am afraid I don’t.
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Неличные формы глагола не имеют лица, числа, времени и наклонения. К неличным формам глагола относятся: инфинитив,
причастия и герундий. Каждая неличная форма обладает, помимо свойств глагола, свойствами какой-либо другой части речи.
Например, инфинитив и герундий обладают свойствами глагола,
а также некоторыми свойствами имени существительного, а причастия I и II – некоторыми свойствами прилагательного. Неличные формы глагола не употребляются в функции простого глагольного сказуемого.
инФинитив
Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая только называет действие, не указывая ни лица, ни числа, ни реального времени осуществления называемого действия. Внешним признаком
инфинитива является частица to.
1. в структурах глагол + инфинитив, глагол + дополнение + ин-
финитив: I decided to offer him a lift. Her desire was to stay alone. I expect
him to arrive tomorrow.
2. в структуре be + прилагательное + инфинитив: This car isn’t safe
to drive. It is boring to dothe same thing every day. He was glad to finish
school.
3. в структуре It + be + прилагательное + + сущ./ место-
им. + инфинитив: It was stupid of them to leavetheir bicycles outside. It
won’t be necessary for him to report to the police.
4. после too и enough:
– too + прилагательное / наречие + инфинитив: She is too young
to get married.
– прилагательное / наречие + enough + инфинитив: I am old
enough to travel by myself.
– enough + существительное + инфинитив: He doesn’t have
enough money to live on.
5. после относительных местоимений who, what, which, where,
when, how, whether (кроме why): I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.
He couldn’t remember whether to turn left or right. Но: I don’t know
I am here.
6. после местоимений somebody, anyone, nothing, a lot и т. п.: I ha
ve
something to tell you. There was no one to turn to.
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7. после слова only (только), которое помогает выразить удив-
ление либо неудовлетворение каким-либо событием или результатом: We arrived at the airport only to find that our flight had been can-
celled.
8. после порядковых числительных (the first, the second и др.),
после прилагательных в превосходной степени (the best и др.),
а также после слов next, last, only: He is always the first to come and the
last to leave. I was the only one to notice it.
9. в некоторых устойчивых и идиоматических выражениях:
to be honest – честно говоря
to begin with – для начала
to cut a long story short – короче
говоря
to put it another way – другими
словами
to tell the truth – по правде сказать
Инфинитив может употребляться в сочетании с некоторы-
ми прилагательными (difficult, easy, hard, nice и др.) в особой конс-
трукции, в которой подлежащее предложения на самом деле является логическим дополнением инфинитива: He is hard to please.
The problem is impossible to solve.
В таких предложениях после инфинитива нельзя употреблять
местоимение в объектном падеже: She is nice to look at her (подлежащее she является логическим дополнением инфинитива to look
at). Сравните: It is nice to look at .
В конце предложения частица to иногда употребляется без
инфинитива во избежание повторения одного и того же глагола в
одном предложении, а также если значение инфинитива понятно
из контекста: He wanted to go but he wasn’t able to. “Would you like to
come with us?” “Yes, I’d love to.”
to be able to – быть способным
to be about to – собираться
to be going to – намереваться
to be supposed to – быть
обязанным
used to – бывало, раньше
► to
1. после вспомогательных и модальных глаголов (кроме have to,
be to, ought to): I will _ do it. He can _ speak English. Но: She has solve
problems every day.
2. после глагола need (нужно), если он является модальным гла-
голом (отрицательную и вопросительную форму образует без помощи вспомогательного глагола): You needn’t _worry. Need I _go on?
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Если отрицательная или вопросительная форма глагола need
образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов (do, does, did),
после need всегда стоит частица to. В утвердительных предложениях глагол need также употребляется с частицей to: I didn’t need
pay the bill. Why do you need eat vegetables every day? We need have
a serious talk.
3. после глаголов make (заставлять), have (просить), let (позво-
лять): Let me _use your phone. Mother made him _eat the soup. I’ll have
someone _drive you home. Но: I was made stay overtime.
4. в обороте «Сложное дополнение» после глаголов see, watch,
observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel: I saw him _leave his office at 6. Но:
He was seen leave his office at 6.
5. после выражений had better (лучше бы), would rather, would
sooner (предпочитать): You had better _do the job at once. I would rather
_go home.
6. Если в предложении стоят рядом два инфинитива, соеди-
ненные союзами and, or, but, except, than, rather than, то частица to
перед вторым из них обычно опускается: She asked me to go _buy
some sugar. I could not _smile. You have nothing to do _wait. He
preferred to pay the fine _go to prison.
7. после вопросительных слов Why (Зачем, С какой стати) или
Why not (Почему бы не): Why _get upset about little things? Why not
_help him?
После глагола help инфинитив может употребляться как с частицей to, так и без нее. В разговорной речи более распространен
вариант без to: Will you help me () find my glasses?
Инфинитив Действительный залог Страдательный залог
Indefinite to write to be written
Continuous to be writing –
Perfect to have written to have been written
Perfect Continuous to have been writing –
Инфинитив в форме Indefinite обозначает действие, которое
происходит одновременно с действием глагола-сказуемого, либо
относится к будущему: I was glad at this school. – Я была рада
учиться в этой школе. I don’t like questions.– Я не люблю,
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когда мне задают вопросы. I hope you soon. – Я надеюсь, что
скоро встречу тебя.
Инфинитив в форме Continuous обозначает длительное дейс-
твие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого: He must
now. – Он, должно быть, сейчас спит.
Инфинитив в форме Perfect обозначает действие, предшеству-
ющее действию глагола-сказуемого: I am glad you. –
Я рада, что помогла вам. He is said up by his fa-
ther. – Говорят, что его воспитывал отец.
Обратите внимание, что инфинитив в форме Perfect после
глаголов expect, hope, intend, mean в Past Indefinite используется для обозначения действия, которое вопреки намерению или
ожиданию, не совершилось: I meant them everything. –
Я собирался все им рассказать (но не рассказал).
Инфинитив в форме Perfect Continuous обозначает длительное
действие, предшествующее действию глагола-сказуемого: He is
known at this problem for many years. – Известно,
что он работает над этой проблемой много лет.
Конструкция «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом (Cложное
дополнение)» состоит из существительного в общем падеже или
местоимения в объектном падеже и инфинитива.
подлежащее +
сказуемое
(в действит. залоге)
дополнение
+
(сущ. / местоим.)
+ инфинитив
Конструкция «Сложное дополнение» употребляется, когда
сказуемое выражено глаголами:
1. чувственного восприятия: see, watch, observe, notice, hear, lis-
ten to, feel (с инфинитивом без частицы to): I saw the door
and . – Я видел, как он открыл дверь и вышел.
2. умственной деятельности: know, think, believe, expect и др.:
I know an experienced teacher. – Я знаю, что она опытный
учитель.
3. чувств: like, love, hate и др.: We like in de-
mand. –
Нам нравится, когда наши товары пользуются спросом.
4. желания: want, wish, would like и др.: I want
tomorrow. – Я хочу, чтобы книгу вернули завтра.
5. побуждения: make, have, let (с инфинитивом без частицы to);
order, ask, say, tell, request и др.: The doctor told in
bed. – Доктор велел пациенту оставаться в постели. Let
this exercise. – Разрешите мне переписать это упражнение.
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