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Файл:Английский язык полный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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36. The police (get) to Michael’s house as fast as they could, but the
burglars (disappear).
37. This time tomorrow everyone (get) to know about your success,
and people (ring) up to congratulate you.
38. My flight from Toronto arrived late because there (be) a bomb
alert before the plane (take) off. When we finally left we (wait) for over
five hours.
39. I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me
in the back. I (not know) what it was.
40. I still (read) a book on negotiating skills but I don’t think I (finish)
it in the near future.
41. I (deal) with enquiries at present while my workmate (be) away
on holiday.
42. We (not make) a final decision until we (consult) everyone.
43. Your friend who (come) here the other day (seem) very nice.
I (enjoy) meeting her.
44. Martin (admit) that he (hit) the other car, but said that he (not
damage) it.
45. “You (not see) your aunt recently?” “No. She (not be) out of her
house since we (buy) her colour TV.”
46. The runner Amos Temila (break) the world record for the 1500
metres in Frankfurt. Two days later in Helsinki, Lee Williams (run) it in
an even faster time.
47. There (be) still a problem with the television. Someone (repair) it,
but then it (stop) working again.
48. I (phone) about your bicycle for sale, which I (see) in the local
paper just now. You (sell) it? Or is it still available?
49. When you (come), I (introduce) you to Mrs. Houston, our Pro-
duction Manager.
50. “Do you know what Anita (be) so upset about yesterday?” “No,
I don’t. But I’m sure she (cry). Her eyes (look) red.” “Perhaps she (have)
some bad news.”
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Eliza and Joshua (1) … married. They (2) … with each other for
three years before they (3) … to get engaged. The day before the wedding, Joshua (4) … a ring for his fiancée. At the moment, they (5)
… around Europe on a motorcycle. They both (6) … motorcycles.
When the honeymoon (7) … over they (8) … a house in Swansea.
I (9) … they (10) … very happy.
1. a. have just got c. just got
b. are just getting d. had just got
181
2. a. are going out c. had been going out
b. go out d. have been going out
3. a. had decided c. were deciding
b. decided d. have decided
4. a. was bought c. had bought
b. has bought d. bought
5. a. are travelling c. were travelling
b. travel d. have been travelling
6. a. use to love c. love
b. used to love d. are loving
7. a. will be c. be
b. is being d. is
8. a. will have bought c. will be buying
b. are going to buy d. are buying
9. a. will think c. have thought
b. am thinking d. think
10. a. would be c. are being
b. will be d. be
IV. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
I (1) … along yesterday when a stone (2) … clean through the wind-
screen. As I (3) … another car at the time, it (4) … lucky I (5) … a nasty
accident. “Lorries from the quarry (6) … that road and stones often (7)
… off them. Nothing unusual – Britain’s roads (8) … notorious for that,”
thought I. “I (9) … that way into town in future if I (10) … the opportunity to avoid it.”
1. a. was driving c. drove
b. have been driving d. had been driving
2. a. has gone c. was going
b. had gone d. went
3. a. had been passing c. was passing
b. used to pass d. have passed
4. a. was being c. has been
b. was d. would be
5. a. had not had c. did not have
b. was not having d. have not been having
6. a. are still using c. have still used
b. are still used to d. still uses
7. a. have fallen c. are falling
b. falled d. fall
8. a. will be c. used to be
b. are d. are being
182
9. a. do not drive c. will not drive
b. am not driving d. would not drive
10. a. have c. shall have
b. will have d. had
V. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Last summer Chris (1) … the university. He (2) … to various institu-
tions for months and (3) … to wonder if he (4) … . He (5) … hard every
day since he (6) … and, for that reason, he still (7) … many friends. However, he (8) … more at home now and he thinks he (9) … quite happy
here. Next week he (10) … revising for the end-of-term tests.
1. a. was entered c. has entered
b. entered d. had entered
2. a. was applying c. applied
b. has applied d. had been applying
3. a. had begun c. used to begin
b. begun d. has begun
4. a. will ever succeed c. is ever succeeding
b. ever succeeds d. would ever succeed
5. a. is studying c. had been studying
b. has studied d. studies
6. a. had started c. started
b. have started d. was starting
7. a. is not making c. does not make
b. has not made d. did not make
8. a. uses to feel c. feel
b. felt d. is feeling
9. a. would be c. is being
b. be d. will be
10. a. is going to start c. is starting
b. will start d. start
VI. Дополните радио репортаж, выбрав один из предложенных
вариантов ответа:
Hello. This (1) … Kitty Beamish. I (2) … to you from Oxford, where
the finals of the World Quiz Championships (3) … held tomorrow. The
favourite is Claude Jennings of Cornwall, the man who (4) … everything.
Twelve months ago no one (5) … of Claude Jennings, although he (6) …
part in quiz competitions for years. Now suddenly he is a big star. So far
this year he (7) … every single question correctly. And he is popular, too.
When he (8) … here two days ago, hundreds of fans (9) … at the station
183
to welcome him. Since his arrival Claude (10) … encyclopaedias in his
hotel bedroom. He is clearly the man to watch. And now back to the
news desk.
1. a. is being c. is
b. are d. has been
2. a. am speaking c. speak
b. have spoken d. was speaking
3. a. would be c. are being
b. be d. will be
4. a. has known c. is knowing
b. knew d. knows
5. a. had heard c. was hearing
b. heard d. have heard
6. a. is taking c. had been taking
b. takes d. has taken
7. a. answered c. used to answer
b. has answered d. had answered
8. a. arrived c. was arriving
b. had arrived d.
9. a. had been waiting c. had waited
b. waited d. were waiting
10. a. is reading c. has been reading
b. has read d. reads
has arrived
VII. Дополните сообщение о недавнем происшествии, выбрав
один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
The actress Vanessa Kemp (1) … . Yesterday she (2) … to arrive at
the Prince Charles Theatre in London’s West End for her leading role
in the comedy ‘Don’t look now’. Ms Kemp, who (3) … in Hampstead,
(4) … home at four o’clock yesterday afternoon for the theatre, a journey
she (5) … several times the week before. Two people who (6) … past her
home at the time (7) … her leave. But no one (8) … her since then. At
half past seven she still (9) … at the theatre. At eight o’clock the theatre
manager had to break the news to the audience, who (10) … patiently for
the play to start. Since yesterday, theatre staff and friends (11) … to contact Ms Kemp, but they (12) … no success so far. The police (13) … the
matter seriously, but they (14) … that she is unlikely to be in any danger.
Her friends all (15) … to hear from her soon.
1. a. had disappeared c. has disappeared
b. disappeared d. was disappearing
2. a. was failing c. had failed
b. failed d. has been failing
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3. a. lives c. used to live
b. is living d. lived
4. a. has left c. had left
b. was leaving d. left
5. a. was making c. had made
b. made d. has made
6. a. were walking c. walked
b. had been working d. used to walk
7. a. had seen c. were seeing
b. have seen d. saw
8. a. saw c. had seen
b. was seeing d. has seen
9. a. has not arrived c. had not been arriving
b. did not arrive d. was not arriving
10. a. are waiting c. were waiting
b. used to wait d. have been waiting
11. a. have been trying c. had tried
b. are trying d. tried
12. a. have c. had had
b. had d. have had
13. a. are taking c. takes
b. has been taking d. had taken
14. a. are believing c. believe
b. would believe d. are used to believing
15. a. had wanted c. have been wanting
b. want d. are wanting
VIII. В каждом предложении найдите и исправьте ошибку:
1. Who do you think is going to win the football match on Sunday?
2. It’s nearly 10 a.m. Had Neil got up yet?
3. The Bible say love of money is the root of all evil.
4. How many kilometres have you walking so far?
5. I’m always pay for you when we go out! Why don’t you pay some-
times?
6. She lost her job as a real estate agent and was working as a waitress.
7. We left the restaurant after we were having dinner.
8. Do you know if Mrs. Miller signs the documents tomorrow?
9. You are not watching TV at the moment. Why didn’t you switch
it off?
10. I had been leaving the bike outside for a few minutes and when
I came back, it wasn’t there.
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11. When the doorbell rung, I got up and answered it.
12. Mr. Olivier hasn’t been feeling well since over a month.
13. Sally is on holidays this week. She stays with her mother’s rela-
tives in Bath.
14. The door won’t open unless you won’t push it hard.
15. We’ve got plenty of time. Our plane will take off at 9 o’clock.
16. I’ve lost my wallet but I’ve got it back again now.
17. When I had found my wallet, I discovered that somebody had
taken the credit cards out of it.
18. Will you use your camera at the weekend? I wonder if I could
borrow it.
19. “I’m really sorry I was late last night.” “That’s OK. We were not
waiting long.”
20. Will you never forgive me for what I had done the other day?
IX. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только
одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
One day a man was walking past a house in Bournemouth when he
(1) … a woman’s voice shouting for help. The man (2) … someone (3)
… probably trying to murder her. He ran to a phone box and (4) … the
police. The police came quite quickly, but by that time the shouting had
(5) … . However, the man (6) … quite sure that he (7) … heard cries for
help. When the police (8) … on the door, there was no answer. So they
broke down the door and went in. Inside the house was a woman who
had just (9) … out of the shower. She explained to the police that she had
(10) … singing along to the Beatles song ‘Help!’.
186
Страдательный (пассивный) залог употребляется, когда в цен-
тре внимания говорящего находится лицо (предмет), которое
подвергается действию, а не лицо (предмет), которое совершает
действие. То есть глагол в форме страдательного залога показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, выраженное глаголомсказуемым. Лицо (предмет), которое выполняет действие, может
быть либо выражено дополнением с предлогом by, либо может
подразумеваться из контекста и вовсе не указываться. Таким образом, страдательный залог используется, если субъект действия
неизвестен, неважен или очевиден. Сравните:
− I the letter yesterday. – Я получил письмо вчера (подле-
жащее выполняет действие – действительный залог).
− The letter yesterday. – Письмо было получено вчера
(действие направлено на подлежащее – страдательный залог).
− The letter by the secretary. – Письмо было получе-
но секретарем (подлежащее не выполняло действие, исполнитель
действия – секретарь).
В английском языке в форме страдательного залога могут упот-
ребляться только переходные глаголы, т.е. глаголы, которые могут
иметь при себе прямое дополнение (отвечает на вопрос «кого?»,
«что?»).
Непереходные глаголы не могут употребляться в форме страда-
тельного залога. К таким глаголам относятся: appear, arrive, die, go,
happen, rise, run, sleep и др.
Некоторые переходные глаголы, обозначающие постоянное
состояние или отношение (be, become, belong, consist, cost, differ,
doubt, exist, fit, get, have, hold, lack, let, matter, possess, resemble, seem,
suit и др.) также не образуют пассивную конструкцию и употреб-
ляются только в действительном залоге.
187
To bE + V3
Видовременная
форма
Present
I
N
D
E
Past
F
I
N
I
Future
T
E
Present
C
O
N
T
I
N
Past
U
O
U
Future
S
Present
P
Past
E
R
F
E
C
Future
T
Действительный
залог
ask(s)
asked
will ask
am
is asking
are
was asking
were
will be asking
have asked
has
had asked
will have asked
Страдательный
залог
ask
ask
ask
ask
ask
ask
ask
ask
Примеры
English always
here.
– Здесь
всегда говорят на
английском языке.
This house
i
n 1990. –
Этот
дом был построен
в 1990 году.
You
about the results. –
Вам сообщат о результатах.
The patient
now. –
Пациента сейчас
осматривают.
The car
all day
long. – Машину
чинили весь день.
The order
by phone. –
Заказ был сделан
по телефону.
She said that she
to
the party. – Она
сказала, что ее
пригласили на вечеринку.
Everything
by next
Monday. – Все
будет сделано к
следующему понедельнику.
188
Видовременная
форма
M
O
D
A
L
S
Действительный
залог
can/could
may/might
must ask
should
have to
need to
be going to
Страдательный
залог
/
/
ask
Примеры
The report
in time.
– Отчет должен
быть подготовлен
вовремя.
1. При образовании страдательного залога необходимо учи-
тывать наличие в предложении дополнения – прямого (отвечает
на вопрос «кого?», «что?») и/или косвенного (отвечает на вопрос
«кому», «чему?»): I all my friends to the party. – Я пригласил
всех своих друзей на вечеринку. I to the party. – Я не
был приглашен на вечеринку. I him a chance but he missed it. –
Я дал ему шанс, но он упустил его. I a chance but I missed it.
– Мне дали шанс, но я упустил его.
2. Ряд английских глаголов может иметь два дополнения –
прямое и косвенное: allow, ask, award, deny, find, give, leave, lend,
offer, pay, promise, send, show, teach, tell и др. Такие глаголы образуют
двойные конструкции в страдательном залоге: I a very
good job. = A very good job to me. – Мне предложили очень
хорошую работу.
3. С глаголами announce, explain, describe, dictate, mention, present,
point out, propose, read, repeat, suggest в качестве подлежащего пассивной конструкции употребляется только прямое дополнение
(неодушевленное существительное): was explained to them
twice. – Это правило было объяснено им дважды. = Им объяснили
это правило дважды.
4. Большое число глаголов в английском языке употребляется с
дополнением, имеющим предлог. В таких случаях предлог сохраняет свое место после глагола в страдательном залоге: The doctor
has already been sent . – За доктором уже послали. Why is he always
laughed ? – Почему над ним всегда смеются?
5. Лицо, выполняющее действие (субъект действия), может
быть выражено дополнением с предлогом by. Субъектом действия
может выступать и неодушевленное существительное, в этом случае выполнение действия происходит без участия человека: I was
taught to swim my father. – Меня научил плавать мой отец. Our
clothes have been dried the sun. – Наша одежда высохла на солнце.
189
Указание на предмет, используемый субъектом для выполне-
ния действия, осуществляется с помощью предлога with. With так-
же употребляется, когда речь идет о веществе или составных частях. The bread was cut the knife. – Хлеб был порезан ножом. The
room was filled smoke. – Комната была наполнена дымом.
6. В разговорной речи вместо вспомогательного глагола be
возможно употребление глагола get, часто для обозначения неожиданного или неприятного действия: The vase when
I pushed the table. – Ваза разбилась, когда я толкнул стол.
Кроме того, конструкция с глаголом get может иметь возвратное значение и использоваться в некоторых идиоматических выражениях: get dressed – одеться, get engaged – обручиться, get mar-
– жениться, get divorced – развестись, get lost – потеряться,
ried
get tired – утомиться, get accustomed – привыкнуть и др.: They
in June. – Они поженились в июне. There was not enough
time to and . – Было недостаточно времени, чтобы
умыться и переодеться.
7. Глаголы clean, peel, read, sell, show, wash, wear употребляются
в форме действительного залога, хотя имеют пассивное значение:
This dress and well. – Это платье хорошо носится и стирается.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The cartoon character Mickey Mouse (has created / was created)
by Walt Disney.
2. This swimming pool (is used / is being used) by over a thousand
people each week.
3. Then I realized that none of the guests (had been sent / had sent)
an invitation.
4. A new operating system (was installed / installed) on my PC yesterday.
5. Breakfast (is serving / is served) at the hotel between 8 and 10 a.m.
6. Enormous progress (has been made / has made) in medical science
in recent years.
7. I hope the documents (will be received / will have been received) by
tomorrow afternoon.
8. How can the problem (be solved / is solved)?
9. In 1964 Martin Luther King (won / was won) the Nobel Peace
Prize. In 1968 he (killed / was killed) in Memphis, Tennessee.
10. Teachers (have given / have been given) a new pay rise. The news
(announced / was announced) earlier today.
190
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