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Файл:Английский язык для юридических специальностей. English for Law students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
a) Find the English equivalents in the text to the following words and
phrases:
o сдать профессиональный экзамен;
o представлять клиента в суде;
o первоначальная подготовка документов по делу;
o составлять завещание;
o проводить расследование;
o юридические услуги;
o дисквалифицировать юриста;
o быть беспристрастным;
o предъявлять иск;
o доказывать виновность/невиновность;
o выявлять слабые места в обвинении;
o передать клиента другому адвокату;
o противоречить друг другу.
b) Answer the questions:
1. What legal professionals are mentioned in the text?
2. What are functions of the solicitor?
3. What are functions of the barrister?
4. Who are the main administrators of federal law enforcement in the USA?
TEXT C.
MY FUTURE PROFESSION
Now I am a student of the Moscow Law University. I am a future lawyer.
I'd like to work as a detective, as to my friend Alex. Нe is going to work as an
investigator. Our graduates work in all police services.
Before entering the Law University some students worked in the police, so they
know this work. Some of my Institute-mates came here after serving in the
Army. They have also chosen the work in police. We all consider this work to
be necessary and important while crime exists in our country.
The principal task of our police is to fight crime. And one of the main
duties of police officers is to prevent crime. But i f a crime has been committed
the police officers should do all they can to detect the offender, it means to
locate and apprehend him.
We know that quick and accurate solution of a crime greatly depends on
the professional skills of the investigating officers, on their training. That is
why we try to master a special course of Detective Activity, various branches of
Law. Criminalistics, Crime Psychology and many other special subjects.
Nobody can say what crime you will have to face tomorrow, so the police
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officers should be educated persons. It is not so easy to investigate crimes; it is
difficult to trace and locate criminals. We must know how to interview
witnesses, interrogate criminals, we learn all that at our Institute.
Very often the solution of a crime is in the crime scene. When the
investigator arrives at the crime scene, he examines the scene very carefully. He
makes a plan of the investigation. All the evidence in the crime scene must be
found, collected and preserved for court presentation.
The effectiveness of an investigator largely depends upon his ability to
obtain information. The elements of the offence must be established.
Identification must be obtained. The investigator works in close cooperation
with other officers of the operative group.
The officer of the Criminal Detection Department (a detective) is
responsible for the detection of the perpetrator. A great part of detective work is
devoted to "finding" missing or wanted person. The search for a person may be a
simple matter. but in many cases, however, it may become a complicated task.
The solving or a case frequently depends upon locating the perpetrator. The
proper presentation of a case in court involves the discovery and identification
of witnesses, the detective also takes measures for search, discovery and seizure
of the stolen property and instruments of the crime.
There are some people in our society who don't want to live an honest life,
who try to profit at the expense of our state. The task of an officer of Economic
Crimes Department is to reveal the criminal activity of such people and to
provide their punishment.
Some of us will work as divisional inspectors. The divisional inspectors
are responsible for maintaining public order in their areas.
Our future work whatever it would be is noble and necessary. Our
objective is to protect life and property of our people.
a) Find the English equivalents in the text to the following words and
phrases:
o юрист
o следователь
o преступление
o бороться с преступностью
o предотвращать преступления
o разыскивать преступника
o арестовать преступника
o расследовать преступления
o раскрытие преступления
o выслеживать преступника
o опрашивать свидетелей
o допрашивать преступника
o место преступления
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o получать информацию
Время Present Indefinite Tense (или Present Simple Tense) — это настоящее
неопределённое (простое) время в английском языке. Данное время
употребляется в тех случаях, когда речь идёт об обычном, повторяющемся
действии. Например, это время используют при повествовании и для
описания повседневной рутины (daily routine).
У данного времени есть свои «слова-подсказки», которые могут помочь
нам понять, что в данной ситуации (в данном предложении) используется
именно это время: generally (вообще), always (всегда), seldom (редко), often
(часто), usually (обычно), sometimes (иногда), every day (week, month,
year…/каждый день, каждую неделю, каждый месяц, каждый год…).
Ср., I usually get up at 7 o’clock. (Я обычно встаю в 7 часов).
Present Indefinite Tense образуется следующим образом:
-местоимение I (я), you (ты/вы/Вы), we (мы), they (они) + 1 форма глагола
без частицы to.
-местоимение he (он), she (она), it (обозначает он, она, оно для животных и
o пропавшие без вести
o разыскивается
o украденное имущество
o орудие преступления
o способствовать наказанию
o поддержание общественного порядка
b) Answer the questions:
1. What specialists does the Moscow Law University train?
2. Why is the work of our police officers noble and necessary?
3. What is the principal task of our police?
4. What does quick and accurate solution of a crime depend on?
5. What kind of person should a police officer be?
6. Where is the solution of a crime very often?
7. What are the duties of the investigator?
8. What is the detective responsible for?
9. Whose duty is it to take measures for search, discovery and seizure of the
stolen property and the instruments of the crime?
10. What is the main task of the officers of the Economic Crimes Department?
11. Do you like your future profession?
12. What department will you work in after graduating from the Moscow Law
Institute?
Grammar.
Времена системы Indefinite
Present Indefinite
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предметов) + 1 форма глагола без частицы to + окончание -s/-es
Например, возьмём глагол to read — читать. Убираем частицу to, которая
показывает, что мы имеем дело именно с глаголом. Далее движемся по
схеме, представленной выше.
I, you, we, they + read. he, she, it + read + окончание -s.
Проспрягаем глагол. I read, we read, you (ты) read, you (вы) read, he/she/it
reads, they read
Таким образом, окончание -s/-es мы подставляем к глаголу только в случае
использования 3-го лица единственного числа (he, she, it)
Как строится общий вопрос в Present Indefinite Tense?
На первое место в данном случае выходят вспомогательные глаголы do
(для местоимений I, you, we, they) и does (для 3-го лица ед.ч. he, she, it).
Do + I, you, we, they + 1 форма глагола без частицы to + ?
Does + he, she, it + 1 форма глагола без частицы to + ?
Вернёмся к глаголу to read.
Do I (you, we, they) read? (Я читаю? Ты читаешь? Мы читаем?...) Does he
(she, it) read? (Он/она читает?) Обратите внимание, что в общем вопросе
окончание -s/-es у глагола to read отсутствует. Ответы на эти вопросы
такие: Do I read? — Yes, I do. (Да, я читаю.) No, I don’t (=do not). (Нет, я не
читаю.) Does he read? — Yes, he does. (Да, он читает.) No, he doesn’t (=does
not). (Нет, он не читает.)
Упражнения.
Ex. 1. Употребите вспомогательный глагол “do” или “does”.
1. .. you live in Moscow?
2. .. Pete work in police?
3. .. they know about it?
4. .. your sister go to school?
5. .. you read newspapers?
6. .. your friend study in your group?
7. .. the students translate texts?
8. .. you do many exercises?
9. .. your mother work?
10. .. your group learn English?
11. .. your friend help you?
Ex. 2. Спросите партнера и выслушайте его ответ:
Model: I live near Moscow.
Do you live near Moscow? Yes, I do. (No, 1 don’t).
1. My father works as a policeman. 2. His brother studies at a Medical Institute.
3. I read the Komsomolskaya Pravda every day. 4. My friend likes sports. 5. I do
my homework at school. 6. He knows German. 7. My sister reads much. 8. I
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often write to my friend. 9. We study every day. 10. They know English well.
Past Indefinite Tense образуется следующим образом:
Все лица (1,2,3 лицо ед.ч. и мн.ч.) + вторая форма глагола.
Вторая форма у правильных глаголов образуется: 1 форма глагола +
окончание -ed4 (напр., work+ed = worked). Вторую форму неправильных
глаголов нужно посмотреть в таблице неправильных глаголов (2-ой
столбик, Past) и выучить!!!
Возьмём глагол to work (работать). Вторая форма данного глагола —
worked, поскольку глагол правильный (см. выше). Таким образом, имеем: I
worked. He worked. They worked…
Возьмём глагол to take — брать. Данный глагол является неправильным.
Вторая форма этого глагола — took. Таким образом, имеем:
I took a book. He took a book… (Я взял книгу. Он взял книгу…)
Как строится общий вопрос в Past Indefinite Tense?
На первое место в данном случае выходит вспомогательный глагол did.
Did + все лица (1,2,3 лицо ед.ч. и мн.ч.) + 1 форма глагола + ?
Вернёмся к глаголам to work, to take.
11. My mother works as a teacher. 12.1 go to the cinema every week.
Ex. 3. Скажите, что это не так:
Model: He works in police.
He doesn’t work in police.
1. My friend studies French. 2. They like sports. 3. He helps me. 4. My sister
knows English well. 5. I read the Moscow News. 6. He lives in Kiev. 7. The
students know about the meeting. 8. My friends always come late. 9. He sits in
front of me. 10. She writes letters to me. 11. I know this man. 12. We do our
homework at the lesson.
Ex. 4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в правильную форму:
I ________ (to like) apples. Ann ________ (to play) computer games every
weekend. We ________ (to go) to work by train. You ________ (not to work)
very hard. My friend and I ________ (to spend) time together in the evenings.
They ________ (to visit) their relatives once a week. I ________ (not to swim)
in the see on summer. Food ________ (to become) cold in the fridge. My cat
________ (not to enjoy) fish. Her parents ________ (not to take) her to school
every day. We ________ (not to invite) our friends at the weekend. You
________ (to know) Math.
Sarah and Andrew ________ (not to go) to dancing classes on Sundays. We
________ (to have) our English lessons twice a week. He________ (not to have)
blue eyes. I ________ (to have) dark hair.
Времена системы Indefinite
Past Indefinite
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Did I (he, they…) work? (Я работал? Он работал? Они работали?...)
Did I (he, they…) take a book? (Я взял книгу? Он взял книгу?...)
Обратите внимание на то, что в общем вопросе глаголы to work и to take
стоят в первой форме!!!
Ответы на эти вопросы такие:
Did I (he, they…) take a book? — Yes, I (he, they…) did. (Да, взял.) No, I (he,
they…) didn’t (= did not). (Нет, не взял.)
Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
Перевод
1. be
was; were
been
быть
2. become
became
become
становиться
3. begin
began
begun
начинать
4. buy
bought
bought
покупать
5. catch
caught
caught
ловить,хватать,успеть
6. choose
chose
chosen
выбирать
7. come
came
come
приходить
8. do
did
done
делать
9. drink
drank
drunk
пить
10. drive
drove
driven
водить (машину etc.)
11. eat
ate
eaten
кушать; есть
12. fall
fell
fallen
падать
13. feel
felt
felt
чувствовать
14. fight
fought
fought
сражаться; бороться
15. find
found
found
находить
16. forget
forgot
forgotten
забывать
17. forgive
forgave
forgiven
прощать
18. get
got
got
получать
19. give
gave
given
давать
20. go
went
gone
идти
21. have
had
had
иметь
22. hear
heard
heard
слушать
23. hide
hid
hidden
прятать(ся)
24. hold
held
held
держать
25. keep
kept
kept
хранить; содержать
26. know
knew
known
знать
27. leave
left
left
оставить
28. lose
lost
lost
терять
Таблица наиболее употребительных неправильных глаголов
английского языка
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29. make
made
made
делать; производить
30. meet
met
met
встретить
31. pay
paid
paid
платить
32. put
put
put
класть
33. read
read; red
read; red
читать
34. say
said
said
говорить; сказать
35. see
saw
seen
видеть
36. sell
sold
sold
продавать
37. send
sent
sent
посылать
38. sleep
slept
slept
спать
39. take
took
taken
взять; брать
40. teach
taught
taught
учить
41. tell
told
told
рассказывать; сказать
42. think
thought
thought
думать
43. understand
understood
understood
понимать
44. write
wrote
written
писать
Ex.1. Спросите партнера и выслушайте его ответ:
Model: I read an interesting book yesterday.
Did you read an interesting book yesterday?
Yes, I did. (No, I didn’t).
1. I asked him this question. 2. I worked in police two years ago. 3. I translated a
text last night. 4. I helped my friend to do his work. 5. I lived in Arbat Street a
year ago. 6. I opened the window in the morning. 7. I liked to play football when
I was a boy. 8. I learned English 5 years ago. 9. I answered well at the lesson.
Ex. 2. Скажите, что Вы этого не делали:
Model: I read a newspaper in the evening.
I didn’t read a newspaper in the evening.
1. I played basketball yesterday. 2. I worked as a policeman last year. 3. I
studied English at school. 4. I answered all the questions. 5. I helped my friend
to do this work. 6. I translated the text into Russian. 7. I asked him about it. 8. I
lived near the metro station 3 years ago. 9. I opened the book 5 minutes ago. 10.
I liked hockey when I was a schoolboy.
Ex. 3. Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в
утвердительную, вопросительную и отрицательную формы Past
Simple.
1. I (to do) morning exercises.
2. He (to work) at a factory.
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3. She (to sleep) after dinner.
Время Future Indefinite Tense (или Future Simple Tense) — это будущее
неопределённое (простое) время в английском языке. Данное время
употребляется в тех случаях, когда речь идёт об обычном, повторяющемся
действии, одномоментном действии или цепочке последовательных
действий в будущем. «Слова-подсказки» в английском: tomorrow (завтра),
next week, month, year (на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году), in
an hour (через час), in a week, month, year (через неделю, месяц, год). Ср., I
will buy a new dress tomorrow. (Я завтра куплю новое платье.)
Future Indefinite Tense образуется следующим образом:
Все лица (1,2,3 лицо ед.ч. и мн.ч.) + will6 + первая форма глагола.
Возьмём глагол to work (работать).
I (he, they…) + will + work.
Таким образом, имеем: I will work. He will work. They will work…
Как строится общий вопрос в Future Indefinite Tense?
На первое место в данном случае выходит will.
Will + все лица (1,2,3 лицо ед.ч. и мн.ч.) + 1 форма глагола + ?
Вернёмся к глаголу to work.
Will I (he, they…) work? (Я буду работать? Он будет работать? Они
будут работать?...)
Ответы на эти вопросы такие:
4. We (to work) part-time.
5. They (to drink) tea every day.
6. Mike (to be) a student.
7. Helen (to have) a car.
8. It (to take) her an hour and a half to do her homework.
9. She (to speak) English well.
10. Her friends usually (to call) her at about 8 o’clock.
11.They (to play) football at the institute.
12. She (to write) emails.
13. I (to speak) English.
14. They (to wait) for the bus. The bus (to arrive) at 9 o’clock.
15.They (to visit) their friends.
16. They (to dance) a lot there.
17. I (to read) a newspaper this morning
18. We (to visit) her parents last month
19. I (to want) to read this book last year
20. They (to watch) TV this night
21. She (to see) him last year
22. They (to run) this morning
Времена системы Indefinite
Future Indefinite
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Will I (he, they…) work? — Yes, I (he, they…) will. (Да, буду.) No, I (he, they…)
won’t (= will not). (Нет, не буду.)
Ex. 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future simple
1. I (to be) at school tomorrow
2. They (to go) to Paris next week
3. Mike (to phone) you later
4. We (to fly) to Paris tomorrow
5. My father (to drive) a car tomorrow
6. Ben (to be) late tonight
Ex. 2. Составьте предложения во времени Future simple
1. I/ tomorrow/ to the theater/ go
2. Peter/ soon/ come
3. We/ next year/ go/ to England
4. I/ to do your homework/ help you
5. Start/ the game/ at 10 o’clock
6. Next week/ my father/ a new car/ buy
Ex. 3. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.
1. We (to study) Criminalistics next year. 2. The students (to have) meeting
yesterday. 3. My friend (to go) to the Institute every day. 4. 1 (to work) as a
policeman 2 years ago. 5. ... you (to see) him next Saturday. 6. We ... (not to
know) about it. 7. 1 (to take) a pencil from my friend 5 minutes ago. 8. ... you
(to study) English or German? 9. We (to translate) this text at the next lesson.
10. My father (to read) newspapers every day. 11. He (to come) home at 6
o’clock last night. 12.1 (not to see) this film yesterday. 12. My friend (to know)
English well. 13. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 14. He (to live) on the third
floor. 4. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 15. When your lessons
(to be) over on Monday? 16. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 17.
My friends (to be) ready at five o’clock. 18. Her brother (to make) a tour of
Europe last summer. 19. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 20. I (to call back) in a
minute.
Ex. 4. Измените предложения так, чтобы они стали вопросительными,
с общим вопросом.
1. Jane eats lunch at the canteen every day.
2. I will show you how to do it.
3. My friend studied in Sorbonne when he was young.
4. Her new dress is green.
5. She prefers red.
6. Good results gave him hope for the future.
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7. His car needs urgent repairing.
Специальный вопрос — это вопрос к какому-либо члену предложения.
Он начинается со специального вопросительного слова, за которым
следует
вспомогательный глагол (или глагол to be), напр.:
1. Не lives in Moscow. Where does he live?
2. I was bom in 1968. When were you born?
Запомните следующие специальные вопросительные слова:
what — что
what + сущ. — какой (what language — какой язык)
what kind of— что за, какой
which — который
when — когда
where — где, куда
why — почему
how — как
how many сколько
much
how long — как долго
how often — как часто
whose — чей
whom — кого, кому
who — кто
Вопрос к подлежащему не требует вспомогательного глагола, порядок
слов прямой, напр.:
1) Не works at a factor)'.
Who works at the factory?
2) This work is difficult.
What is difficult?
8. I shall travel round the world in July.
9. Edward played football very well
10. I went to London last week.
11. Lane visited many countries.
12. She is a very good teacher.
13. Usually I wake up at 6 o’clock.
14. He will study French in Canada.
15. He comes every week.
Специальные вопросы.
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