Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для юридических специальностей. English for Law students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Тема 7.
1.to provide
2. to apprehend
3. to comprehend
4. to receive
5. to maintain
6. to interrogate
7. to reply
8. to consist
9. to expand
10. to transfer
a. to understand
b. to pass over
c. to get
d. to answer
e. to detain
f. to keep
g. to question
h. to grow
i. to supply
j. to establish
LAW ENFORCEMENT: FAMOUS INSTITUTIONS
Vocabulary.
1. Translate these examples into Russian.
1. law-enforcement agency is an organization that enforces the law.
2. Federal law enforcement agencies have duties similar to those of state
and local police officers.
3. The jobs of some federal agents such as secret service require extensive
travel.
4. The meeting with the partners was arranged through the agency of my
friend.
2. Find the pairs of synonyms.
3. Read and translate the following international words:
a) bureau, criminal, civil, interest, agents, to result, special, division,
organized, narcotics, prostitution, to operate, justice, cooperation, local, deserter;
b) identification, collection, arrest, police, agency, to identify, laboratory,
criminological, technical, specialized, training, basis, material;
c) communications, control, teletype, contact, radio, commercial,
personnel, information, to train, instruction, courses, periodically, theory,
practical,
techniques, physical, tactics, extreme, situation, police, nations;
d) administrative, operation, limits, function, competent, inspection, practice,
jurisdiction, anti-racketeering, atomic, energy, bankruptcy, espionage.
91
Reading.
TEXT A.
THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
a) General Investigation Division
The FBI, formally called the Bureau of
Investigation, was created primarily to handle
criminal investigations for the Department of
Justice.
The FBI responsibilities continue to grow
each year. The FBI handles over 180 different
investigations including Federal criminal
violations, internal security matters and civil
inquiries in which the Government has an
interest.
Since 1945, over 95 percent of the cases investigated by
its agents which came before the courts have resulted in convictions.
Special Investigation Division
Organized crime is a lawless empire involved in gambling, narcotics,
prostitution, extortion, etc. where easy money can be made. For years organized
crime operated behind a nearly impenetrable wall built on fear, intimidation,
bribery, and force.
Squads of highly trained FBI Agents are devoting their full efforts to bringing
the crime lords to justice. The objective is to collect sufficient evidence to build
a strong prosecutive case so gang leaders can be brought to justice swiftly.
Cooperation is vital in the fight against organized crime. The FBI works closely
with state and local enforcement agencies.
This Division also supervises investigations under the Security of Government
Employees program. Fugitive investigations often involve a great deal of
manpower.
In addition to FBI fugitives, this Division directs the efforts of FBI Agents
tolocate and apprehend escaped Federal prisoners, deserters from the Armed
Forces.
b) Identification Division
The largest collection of fingerprints in the world is maintained in the
Identification Division of the FBI. A dangerous fugitive, wanted in one state,
may be located through fingerprint identification after his arrest on a minor
charge under a different name by a police agency in another state. Fingerprints
often are the only means of identifying victims of various crimes.
92
Laboratory Division
The FBI Laboratory is the greatest criminological laboratory in the world.
During the first 35 years of its existence, this laboratory made approximately
4.000.000 scientific examinations. Today, this laboratory is a large complex of
scientific equipment, staffed with over 300 employees most of whom have
technical training. Included in this group are over 100 Special Agents with
specialized training in a wide range of scientific fields. Many crimes are solved
and many defendants convicted on the basis of material evidence submitted to
the laboratory for examination, laboratory examinations on many occasions have
proved the innocence of persons suspected of having committed crimes.
Domestic Intelligence Division
The FBI fights against all elements which pose a threat to the security of the
people in the United States, to the Nation’s security.
c) Files and Communications Division
Often some of the most valuable leads in an investigation result from
information already contained in the files of law enforcement agencies. A
teletype network provides constant twenty-four-hour contact between FBI
headquarters and all Field Divisions. In addition, the FBI has a radio network,
completely independent of commercial facilities.
Crime Records Division
The personnel of the Crime Records Department have the task of carefully
studying the information on crime poured into the Headquarters from the FBI’s
field officer. local police agencies and other sources.
Training Division
All FBI Agents are trained at facilities in Washington, D.C., and at the FBI
Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Today, the new Agents receive: fourteen weeks
of instruction. Two week retraining courses are held periodically for all Agents.
Although the theory of the various Law enforcement arts and sciences is taught,
the greater emphasis is placed on those practical skills and techniques demanded
by day-to-day investigations.
The courses range from the Constitution and Federal Criminal Procedure to
Investigative Techniques and the Collection, Identification and Preservation of
Physical Evidence. Thorough training is given in firearms, j and defensive
tactics in order that an agent may defend himself in those extreme situations
where life may be in danger. The Training Division also provides instructors for
thousands police schools conducted by local; enforcement agencies in
communities across the Nation.
d) Administrative Division
The Administrative Division’s major responsibilities are to see that the
operations of the Bureau run smoothly and expenditures are kept within the
limits of the annual appropriation granted by Congress. Another duty of this
Division is to recruit and assign the personnel necessary to fulfill the various
functions of the FBI.
93
Inspection Division
The staff is composed of experienced, competent men who periodically review,
inspect the total work performance of each field office; and the headquarters
staff. The inspections have as their goal the improvement of management and
investigative practices.
Jurisdiction
Following are the matters within the FBI jurisdiction:
Anti-Rackctccring
Atomic Energy Act
Bank Robbery and Embezzlement
Bankruptcy
Bribery
Espionage
Extortion
Fraud Against the Government Internal Security
Theft of Government Property, etc.
Vocabulary Notes
Federal criminal violation — нарушение федеральных законов
civil inquiries — расследование гражданских дел
have resulted in convictions — закончились осуждением обвиняемых
operated behind a nearly impenetrable wall — действовала за почти
непроницаемой стеной
are devoting their full efforts to bringing the crime lords to justice —
направляют все свои усилия, чтобы преступных магнатов привлечь к суду
to build a strong prosecutive case — построить сильное обвинение
the Security of Government Employees program — программа по
обеспечению безопасности высших правительственных служащих
which pose a threat — которые представляют угрозу
Crime Records Division — уголовный архив (отдел, где хранятся отчеты о
совершенных преступлениях)
the FBI’s field officer — сотрудник ФБР, курирующий определенный
регион или сферу деятельности
following are the matters within the FBI jurisdiction — вот вопросы (дела),
которые находятся в пределах юрисдикции ФБР
a) Find in the text the answers to the following questions:
1. What does the FBI handle?
2. What are the main divisions of the FBI you can name?
3. What are the matters within the FBI jurisdiction?
4. In what way are the FBI Agents devoting their efforts to the fight against
organized crime?
94
5. Who directs the efforts to locate and apprehend fugitives, escaped Federal
prisoners, deserters from Armed Forces?
6. Where can valuable leads in an investigation be found very often?
7. Where is the largest collection of fingerprints in the world?
8. What is the value of fingerprints in a number of crimes?
b) Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
a) Федеральное Бюро Расследования; имеет дело с; нарушение
федеральных законов; вопросы внутренней безопасности; привести к
осуждению; организованная преступность; основанная на страхе,
запугивании, взяточничестве и силе; азартные игры, наркотики,
проституция, вымогательство; отряды высококвалифицированных агентов
ФБР; собрать достаточно улик; выстроить сильное обвинение; привлечь к
суду; бороться против организованной преступности; местные
правоприменительные органы; осуществлять надзор за расследованием;
расследование дел о беглецах; обнаружить местонахождение и задержать
убежавших из тюрьмы заключенных;
b) самая большая в мире коллекция отпечатков пальцев; разыскиваемый
опасный беглец; посредством идентификации отпечатков пальцев;
единственное средство опознания потерпевшего; научные экспертизы;
специальные агенты с особой подготовкой; раскрыть преступления;
осудить обвиняемого; на основе материальных улик; лабораторная
экспертиза; доказать невиновность лица; подозревать в совершении
преступления;
c) картотека; наиболее ценные версии; обеспечивать постоянную связь;
уголовный архив; изучать информацию о преступлениях; главное
управление ФБР; курсы переподготовки; практические навыки и техника;
следственная техника; сбор, идентификация и сохранение вещественных
доказательств; тщательная подготовка; самбо; огнестрельное оружие;
экстремальная ситуация; в опасности;
d) главные обязанности; набирать штат; выполнять различные функции
ФБР; опытные компетентные люди; совершенствование управления и
практики расследования; в пределах юрисдикции ФБР; ограбление банка;
хищение; взяточничество; мошенничество против правительства; кража
правительственного имущества; вымогательство; борьба против рэкета.
c) Which of the crimes below are not within the FBI jurisdiction?
computer intrusion (i.e., hacking); password trafficking; car theft; copyright
(software, movie, sound recording) piracy; theft of trade secrets; trademark
counterfeiting; arson; counterfeiting of currency; child pornography or
exploitation; child exploitation and internet fraud matter that have a mail nexus;
assault and battery; driving under influence; internet fraud; internet harassment;
95
bomb threats; trafficking in explosive or incendiary devices or firearms over the
internet
TEXT B.
INTERPOL
Interpol is the world’s largest international police organization, with 187
member countries. The first International Police Congress was held in Monaco
in 1914 and delegates, who included lawyers, judges, criminologists and civil
servants as well as police officers, came from 17 countries. The objective of the
Congress was to increase trans-national police cooperation, to centralize
international criminal records, etc.
Further progress was postponed until the end of the First World War. The next
meeting was held in 1923 when police officers from 20 countries met in Vienna.
The result was the establishment of the International Criminal Police
Commission with its headquarters in Vienna.
Created in 1923, it facilitates cross-border police cooperation, and supports and
assists all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or
combat international crime.
Interpol aims to facilitate international police cooperation even where
diplomatic relations do not exist between particular countries. Action is taken
within the limits of existing laws in different countries and in the spirit of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol’s constitution prohibits «any
intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character».
The aims of Interpol are set in Article 2 of its Constitution:
– to ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all
criminal police authorities.
– to establish and develop all institutions contributing effectively to the
prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.
To meet these aims, Interpol undertakes a number of activities. Its central
function remains that of handling enquiries. Despite the popular view, Interpol is
not an executive agency with international detectives who can be «called in» to
investigate some international crimes. It is an international communications
system between different police forces.
a) Answer these questions.
1. What is Interpol?
2. How many member countries does it include?
3. When was it created?
4. What is Interpol’s mission?
5. What international agreements define the activities if Interpol?
6. What is the central function of Interpol?
96
7. Is Interpol an executive agency with international detectives, who investigate
embezzlement drug traffic crimes murder counterfeiting
burglary forgery car theft frauds
international crimes?
b) Complete these sentences.
1. Interpol is not _________ (под наблюдением) of any government.
2. Interpol is intergovernmental police force whose task is to (со-
действовать) ________________ cross-border police cooperation.
3. Interpol was _________________ (создан) in 1923.
4. Interpol members are police and non-governmental ___________
(представители).
5. Interpol doesn’t have _________________ (полномочий ареста)
or any rights _______________ (провести расследование).
6. Interpol is an _______ (международная система обмена информацией).
c) Complete this sentence with the words from the box, the first letter in the
words is given to you.
Four of Interpol General Secretariat departments specialize in certain
с____________: one handles m___________, b__________, assault, larceny,
с___ t__________, and missing persons; other deals with b________
f____________ and other types of e___________; a third with d________
t__________ and moral offences; and the fourth deals with f_________ and
с____________.
TEXT C.
EUROPOL
The establishment of Europol was agreed in the Treaty on European Union of 7
February, 1992. Based in The Hague, Netherlands, Europol started limited
operations on 3 January, 1994 in the form of the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU)
fighting against drug-related crimes. Europol commenced its full activities on 1
July, 1999. Progressively, other important areas of criminality were added.
Europol supports the law enforcement activities of the member states mainly
against:
Illicit drug trafficking;
Illicit immigration networks;
Terrorism;
Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro) and other means of
payment;
Trafficking in human beings (including child pornography);
Illicit vehicle trafficking;
Money laundering.
97
In addition, other main priorities for Europol include combating crimes against
persons, financial crime and cybercrime. Europol comes into action when an
organized criminal structure is involved and two or more member states are
affected.
Europol supports member states by:
Facilitating the exchange of information, in accordance with national law,
between Europol liaison officers (ELOs);
Providing operational analysis in support of operations;
Generating strategic reports (e.g. threat assessments) and crime analysis
on the basis of information and intelligence supplied by member states and third
parties;
Providing expertise and technical support for investigations and
operations carried out within the EU, under the supervision and the legal
responsibility of the member states concerned.
Europol proved to be active in promoting crime analysis and coordinating of
investigative techniques within the member states. The Europol liaison officers,
together with the Europol officers, analysts and other experts, provide an
effective, fast and multilingual service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Europol is expected to support member states’ competent authorities and its
partners in preventing and combating international organised crime and
terrorism. Europol is supposed to provide relevant information of a strategic,
operational or technical nature. In the process of acquiring and processing the
information, Europol continued to:
member states and its partners;
member states;
-the-spot assistance for operational teams in the member states on
request;
;
a) Ответьте на вопросы:
1. When was Europol established?
2. What law enforcement activities does Europol support?
3. What are the main priorities of Europol?
4. In what spheres did Europol prove to be active?
5. What is the role of Europol in acquiring and processing of information?
98
Придаточные определительные помогают определить человека или
предмет, о котором идет речь.
’The boy has gone to hospital.’
(Which boy?)
’The boy who lives next door has gone to hospital.’
’The book is very good.’
(Which book?)
’The book that I bought yesterday is very good.’
’This is a photo of the hotel.’
(Which hotel?)
’This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed.’
Если речь идет о человеке, то используется относительное местоимение
who. (Так же может использоваться слово that). Если речь идет о
неодушевленном предмете, тогда используется местоимение that (так же
может использоваться слово which).
The book is about a girl who/that marries a millionaire.
What was the name of the horse that/which won the race?’
Когда who или that являются дополнением глагола придаточного
предложения, то эти слова могут быть опущены.
The person you need to talk to is on holiday.
This is the best wine I’ve ever tasted.
The book I bought yesterday is very good.
Have you found the keys you lost?
Но когда who или that являются подлежащим придаточного предложения,
их нельзя опускать.
I like people who are kind and considerate.
I want a car that is cheap to run.
Придаточное предложение с which может передавать отношение
говорящего ко всей идее главного предложения. В этом случае оно
отделяется от главного предложения запятой.
I passed my driving test first time, which surprised everyone.
b) Find in the text the English equivalents for these words and
word combinations.
бороться с преступлениями, связанными с наркотиками; отмывание денег;
действия правоохранительных органов; незаконная миграция; торговля
людьми; отмывание денег; компетентные органы; распознать и разрушить
преступные сети; совместные следственные группы; обеспечивать
оперативную помощь; осуществлять обучение.
Grammar.
99
Jane can’t come to the party, which is a shame.
Whose используется для выражения отношения принадлежности между
словами, которые оно связывает.
That’s the woman whose son won the lottery.
Where относится к месту.
The hotel where we stayed was right on the beach.
We went back to the place where we first met.
Ex.1 Поставьте подходящее относительное местоимение who, which,
that, when, why, where или whose.
1. His sister, … name is Lara, works at the library.
2. Her last film, … I couldn’t understand at all, was a great success.
3. Give him something … will take away the pain.
4. I work in the town … my son lives.
5. We’ll show you the poem … changed my life.
6. Doctors, … claim money, are shameless.
7. Is there a shop near here … sells milk?
8. That’s the main reason … I came to you.
9. I’ll never forget my childhood … I was so happy.
10. People … live in flats shouldn’t have animals.
11. The car … he bought last month is fantastic.
12. This is the most beautiful waterfall … we have ever seen!
Ex. 2 Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. I can't go ………………. I have no money.
a) what b) because c) where
2. Make a note of it ……………… you forget.
a) in case b) because c) where
3. I'm ……………. hungry that I can't go anywhere.
a) as b) such a c) so
4. The plane landed ……………….. it was supposed to.
a) where b) why c) so that
5. Return here ………………….. you can.
a) as b) as soon as c) as long as
6. I believe you ………………..I know you.
a) because b) how c) why
7. She stood ………………….. I had left her.
a) which b) why c) where
8. I’ll buy that novel …………………. it comes out.
a) which b) when c) why
9. He can’t go to the party ……………………he caught cold.
a) because b) why c) so
100
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]