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Файл:What is Law. Часть II. Учебное пособие для студентов-юристов
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3. How long was the course of training?
4. Why did they expel students?
5. What law subjects did the students study?
6. Who edited the Harvard law Review?
7. When and why were new courses added to the curriculum?
8. When and why did law schools double in size?
XXII. Подготовьте пересказ текста “B” на английском языке.
XXIII. Переведите следующий текст с помощью словаря в письменной
форме. Подготовьте пересказ текста на английском языке.
Oxford University had no exact moment of birth. It emerged probably during
the 10th or 11th centuries. It grew up, like all European universities and for several
enturies concentrated on theological matters. From the beginning the University
c
was a scattered community. Both masters and scholars hired rooms around the
town in which to live and teach. Around 1410 the University, with the support of
the King and the Church, extended its control and made residence in halls
compulsory for all its students.
Now there are approximately 13500 university students. The University is a
federation embracing 40 independent colleges. The University itself provides
central libraries, laboratories, and lecture rooms, establishes the staff of various
faculties and through them prescribes the curricula, conducts examinations and
awards degrees.
The colleges provide students with tutors, known as ‘dons’ (from the Latin
‘dominus’). The basis of tuition is tutorial; attendence at lectures is not obligatory.
Students are required to meet their tutor for a weekly or twice weekly session,
alone or perhaps with one other student. They may each present an essay and
discuss the past week’s work.
The academic year is divided into three terms and at the end of each term
most students ‘go down’ for the vacation. After three or four years’ study the
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undergraduates prepare for the “finals” or degree examinations. These are held at
the beginning of June in the Examination Schools.
XXIV. Прочтите и перескажите своим друзьям на английском языке
следующие шутки и любопытные исторические факты:
A man is listening to an interesting lecture. Suddenly an old man sitting near
him asks:
“What language is the lecturer speaking?”
“He is speaking French,” the man says. “Don’t you know this language?”
“No, I don’t,” answers the old man.
“Then why are you sitting here if you don’t understand anything?”
“You see,” says the old man, “if I leave the lecturer will think that his lecture
is not interesting and he will be upset. I’d better wait till the lecture is over.”
____________________
upset – расстроенный
* * *
Believe it or not, but…
…In 1924 a Ford automobile cost $265.
…In 1950 the United States had 70 percent of all the automobiles, buses, and
trucks in the entire world.
…Most American automobile horns beep in the key of F.
…In the United States the first automobile race was held in Chicago in 1895. The
track ran from Chicago to Evanston. The winner was J. Frank Duryea whose
average speed was 7.5 miles per hour.
…As of 1972, there were fewer than 2,000 automobiles in the entire country of
Albania.
…In 1906 a car known as the Autocar was manufactured in the United States with
a new invention – headlights (they burned kerosene). The Autocar, however,
lacked another important accessory – the steering wheel. The driver directed the
vehicle by means of a sticklike shaft situated to the right of the driver’s seat.
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in the entire world - во всем мире
whose average speed... – чья средняя скорость...
to manufacture – производить
a new invention - новое изобретение
headlights - фары
to lack smth – испытывать недостаток в чем-либо, не иметь чего-либо
a steering wheel – руль
directed the vehicle by means of a sticklike shaft – зд. управлял транспортным
средством с помощью похожего на трость переключателя
* * *
Two men were talking in the park.
“Are you going to Mr. Smith’s lecture today?” asked one of them.
“Yes,” answered the other.
“Don’t go. They say he is a bad lecturer.”
“I must go,” said the other. “I’m Mr. Smith.”
* * *
Believe it or not, but…
…The Moravian Brothers, an evangelical Christian sect that originated in fifteenthcentury Bohemia, believed in nonviolence and had a great abhorrence of
bloodshed. Members of this community, however, were at times unavoidably
called on to execute offenders. Their merciful way of doing so was to tickle their
victims to death.
____________________
a great abhorrence of bloodshed – огромное отвращение к кровопролитию
to execute offenders – казнить преступников
а merciful way – зд. милосердный способ
to tickle their victims to death – защекотать свои жертвы до смерти
* * *
Judge: And you committed your robberies alone! Why didn’t you have a pal?
Defendant: Well, sir, I was afraid he might turn out to be dishonest.
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UNIT 9
JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM
Active vocabulary
Text A: a juvenile court – суд по делам несовершеннолетних
delinquency – преступность (несовершеннолетних), правонарушение
delinquent – виновный, провинившийся, правонарушитель
(несовершеннолетний)
juvenile delinquent – малолетний преступник
violation of a statute (of law, of an agreement) – нарушение закона (права,
договора)
juvenile court age - возраст уголовной ответственности несовершеннолетних
to vary – изменяться
the age of criminal responsibility - возраст уголовной ответственности
an adult – взрослый
to lack smth – испытывать недостаток, не хватать
to handle juvenile delinquency - заниматься правонарушениями
несовершеннолетних
to sentence to imprisonment – приговорить к тюремному заключению
Text B: to voice concern at the increase in crime against minors - выразить
озабоченность по поводу роста преступности против несовершеннолетних
to care for children – заботиться о детях
to hold authority over children – зд. иметь власть/опеку над детьми
to prevent re-offending - предотвратить повторное совершение преступления
to remedy personality disorders – зд. вылечить психические расстройства
индивидуума
advisability of using legal measures – целесообразность использования
правовых средств
114
to adopt all the necessary measures to improve protection of children’s rights – зд.
принять все необходимые меры в целях усовершенствования системы
защиты прав детей
to coordinate efforts - координировать усилия
to combat the spread of child pornography and sexual exploitation of minors –
бороться с распространением детской порнографии и сексуальной
эксплуатации несовершеннолетних
the Council of Europe - Совет Европы
to ratify а сonvention – ратифицировать конвенцию
I. Прочтите и переведите текст “А”.
Text A
JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM IN THE USA
Juvenile courts are a special class of courts. They are neither civil nor
criminal. They have characteristics of the both. Their relation to criminal justice is
close because they deal with delinquency. The first juvenile court in the United
States was established in Illinois, 1899.
Juvenile courts do not convict children. Juvenile delinquency cases are
defined in the statutes as the violation of a law by children or youth of the juvenile
court age.
The “juvenile court age” varies widely. It may begin with the age of seven,
ten, eleven or twelve years old. It may differ with the sex of the juvenile. The age
of criminal responsibility is dependent of the juvenile court age. Chicago, New
York, Philadelphia and other large cities have youth courts as well as juvenile
courts. These courts are adult courts, but they use the techniques of juvenile courts.
They exist for the young people from sixteen to nineteen or twenty-one years old,
who committed specified kinds of offences. As youth courts lack exclusive
jurisdiction, older boys and girls are often tried in the regular criminal courts.
115
Many cities have family courts. They are specialized courts that handle
juvenile delinquency along with other problems in which children are directly
involved. Appeals from juvenile courts go to civil courts because a juvenile court
technically is a civil court, although it sentences individuals to imprisonment.
II. Переведите следующие словосочетания с английского на русский
язык: neither civil nor criminal, close relations, to convict children, the violation
of law, juvenile court age, to vary widely, the age of criminal responsibility, adult
courts, to commit specified kinds of offences, family courts, to handle juvenile
delinquents, to sentence individuals to imprisonment.
III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и выражения:
juvenile, varies, handle, committed, responsibility, the violation of a law, criminal,
deal, appeals, imprisonment
1. These courts ... juvenile delinquents.
2. Youth courts use the techniques of ... courts.
3. The juvenile court age .... widely.
4. They exist for youth from sixteen to nineteen who ... specified kinds of offences.
5. Juvenile courts ... with delinquency.
6. The age of criminal ... is dependent of the juvenile court age.
7. Juvenile delinquency cases are defined as ... by children or youth.
8. Older boys and girls are tried in the regular ... courts.
9. ... from juvenile courts go to civil courts.
10. The juvenile courts sentence individuals to ... .
IV. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
приговорить к тюремному заключению; суд по делам несовершеннолетних;
заниматься правонарушениями несовершеннолетних; нарушение закона;
116
возраст уголовной ответственности; наряду с другими проблемами;
молодежь от шестнадцати до девятнадцати; тесные отношения; ни
гражданский, ни уголовный; пол подростка; уголовное судопроизводство; а
также; взрослые; совершать правонарушения; исключительная юрисдикция.
V. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и
словосочетания:
1. Characteristics, they, criminal, and, courts, civil, have, of.
2. Courts, not, children, convict, do, juvenile.
3. Age, may, with, court, juvenile, begin, age, seven, twelve, or, the.
4. Cities, have, large, courts, some, youth, as well as, juvenile, courts.
5. Courts, jurisdiction, youth, lack, exclusive.
6. Handle, delinquency, family, juvenile, courts, with, other, problems, along.
7. Age, criminal, the, is, of, responsibility, dependent, age, juvenile, court, of, the.
VI. Заполните пропуски, поставив глаголы в скобках в форму
страдательного залога (Passive Voice):
1. The first juvenile court (to establish) in 1899.
2. Children (not convict) by juvenile courts.
3. These cases (to define) as the violation of a law by children.
4. The techniques of juvenile courts (to use) in youth courts.
5. Some kinds of offences (to commit) usually by young people from sixteen to
nineteen years old.
6. Older boys and girls (to try) often in regular criminal courts.
7. Juvenile delinquents (to handle) by family courts along with other problems.
8. Juveniles (not to bring) before the courts and (to sentence) for offences that (to
consider) criminal for adults.
9. The judges (to appoint) for life.
117
VII. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Are juvenile courts civil or criminal?
2. When and where was the first juvenile court established in the United States?
3. Do juvenile courts convict children?
4. How are juvenile delinquency cases defined in statutes?
5. How does the “juvenile court age” vary?
6. May the “juvenile court age” differ with the sex of the juvenile?
7. What is the age of criminal responsibility dependent of?
8. Where can we find youth courts?
9. What techniques do youth courts use?
10. How can you define youth courts?
11. How can you define family courts?
12. Why do appeals from juvenile courts go to civil courts?
VIII. Подготовьте пересказ текста “A” на английском языке.
IX. Прочтите и переведите текст “B”.
Text B
CRIMES AGAINST MINORS
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe voiced its concern at
the increase in crime against minors recorded in many European states. A great
many such crimes are committed by persons who care for children and who hold
authority over them.
It is known that traditional penalties cannot effectively prevent re-offending
or remedy personality disorders that are the cause of crimes against minors. To
prevent re-offending, the Assembly stressed the advisability of using legal
measures. Such measures may be provided for in civil and family law, as well as
under specific laws on the protection of children.
118
The Assembly invited member states to adopt all the necessary measures to
improve protection of children’s rights, coordinate their efforts to combat the
spread of child pornography and sexual exploitation of minors and ratify the
Council of Europe’s Convention as quickly as possible.
_______________
member states – зд. страны-члены Совет Европы
X. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
выразить свою озабоченность; рост преступности против
несовершеннолетних; заботиться о детях; иметь власть/опеку над детьми; во
многих европейских государствах; известно что …; традиционные наказания;
предотвратить повторное совершение преступления; вылечить психические
расстройства индивидуума; причина преступления; подчеркнуть
целесообразность использования правовых средств; гражданское и семейное
право; защита детей; принять все необходимые меры; такие меры могут быть
предусмотрены; усовершенствовать систему защиты прав детей;
координировать свои усилия; бороться с распространением детской
порнографии и сексуальной эксплуатации несовершеннолетних;
ратифицировать конвенцию Совета Европы как можно быстрее.
XI. Переведите слова и словосочетания в скобках на английский язык.
1. The Assembly invited member states (принять все необходимые меры) to
improve protection of children’s rights.
2. A great many such crimes (совершаются) by persons who care for children.
3. Personality disorders are (причины преступлений против
несовершеннолетних).
4. The Assembly voiced its concern at (рост преступлений против
несовершеннолетних) recorded in many states.
5. (Известно, что) traditional penalties cannot effectively prevent re-offending.
6. It is necessary to adopt measures to improve (защита прав детей).
119
7. The Assembly stressed the advisability of (использование правовых мер).
8. (Такие меры предусмотрены) in civil and family law.
9. Member states must (координировать свои усилия) to combat the spread of
child pornography.
10. It is necessary (ратифицировать конвенцию как можно быстрее).
XII. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What did the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe voice its
concern at?
2. Who are many crimes against minors committed by (according to the
information of the Council of Europe)?
3. Can traditional penalties effectively prevent re-offending or remedy personality
disorders that are the cause of crimes against minors?
4. What did the Assembly offer to prevent re-offending?
XIII. Подготовьте пересказ текста “B” на английском языке.
XIV. Прочтите и перескажите своим друзьям на английском языке
следующие шутки и любопытные исторические факты:
The judge looked over his glasses at the little man in front of him, and
sniffed: “You’re a locksmith, hey? What were you doing in that gambling den
when the police raided it?”
The little man looked down and said, “Your Honour, I was making a bolt for
the door.”
___________________
to sniff – презрительно фыркнуть, сопеть
a locksmith - слесарь
* * *
“What is the future tense of the verb to marry?” the teacher asked.
“Divorce,” replied the student.
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