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Файл:Technical English for Electrical Engineers. Учебное пособие
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«САМАРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
К афедра «Иностранные языки»
А.Л. КЮРЕГЯН
О.А. РЫБАЛЬЧИК
TECHNICAL ENGLISH
FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
Учебное пособие
Самара
Самарский государственный технический университет
2020
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Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ИСГНТ СамГТУ
(протокол № 7 от 26.05.2020 г.).
УДК 811. 111-26(075. 8)
ББК Ш 13 Англ. 923
К 99
Кюрегян А.Л.
Technical English for Electrical Engineers: учебное пособие / А.Л. Кюрегян,
О.А. Рыбальчик. – 2-е изд. – Самара: Самар. гос. техн. ун-т, 2020. – 147 с.
Предназначено для студентов-магистрантов электротехнического факультета
Самарского государственного технического университета.
Р ецензент: канд. пед. наук, доцент Е.А. Елизарова
УДК 811. 111-26(075. 8)
© А.Л. Кюрегян, О.А. Рыбальчик, 2020
ББК Ш 13 Англ. 923
К 99
© Самарский государственный
технический университет, 2020
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Данное пособие предназначено для студентов-магистрантов
электротехнического факультета Самарского государственного технического университета. Книга составлена в соответствии с требованиями программы по иностранным языкам для студентов специальности «Электроэнергетика и электротехника» и предназначено для
обучения переводу научно-технической литературы с английского
языка на русский.
Цель учебного пособия – развитие навыков и умений перевода
научно-технических текстов на основе изученного лексико-грамматического материала, свойственного данному виду литературы.
Пособие состоит из четырёх частей. В первой части представлены тексты для перевода с английского языка на русский, упражнения на отработку отдельных переводческих задач и упражнения,
стимулирующие творческую речевую деятельность на английском
языке, упражнения на перевод терминов, служащие для раскрытия
значения сложного термина путём установления смысловых связей
между его компонентами.
Во второй части даются дополнительные упражнения, нацеленные на выработку грамматических навыков перевода. Они решают
вопросы, возникающие при переводе на русский язык отдельных
грамматических явлений: узнавание данного грамматического явления по формальным признакам, нахождение соответствий для изучаемого явления в русском языке.
Третья часть содержит упражнения на развитие языковой догад-
ки, перевод многозначных слов, служебных слов, слов одного словообразовательного ряда, значение которых по тем или иным причинам
нелегко вывести из значения основного слова.
Четвёртая часть включает некоторые математические символы и
формулы, встречающиеся в англо-американской научно-технической
литературе.
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I. TEXT FOR READING
ELECTRICITY
I
1. Read the text paying attention to the underlined words and
word combinations.
FROM THE HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity: economic
and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely
transformed.
Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applications of
electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are
longstanding and unquestionable.
With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced
transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the 19-th century
workshops. And in our flats a whole range of various time and labor saving
appliances has become a part of our everyday lives.
Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity:
electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in
the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity
most widely used.
The first industrial application of electricity was in the silver
workshops in Paris. The generator – a new compact source of electricity –
was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other
devices that had been used before.
Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the 19th century with
the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the
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transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up,
1) migrate
a) link
2) revolve
b) rotate
3) connect
c) low
4) apply
d) drift
5) differ
e) construct
6) begin
f) understand
7) design
g) vary
8) realize
h) get
9) reduce
i) start
10) become
j) use
dynamos and induction motors were designed.
At the beginning of the 20-th century the successful development of
electricity began throughout the industrial world. The consumption of
electricity has doubled every ten years.
Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the state
of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity has replaced
other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service
and reduced cost.
One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easilyregulated and generates no by-products. Applications of electricity now
cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest
laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent
technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly
electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
2. Make up your own sentences with the underlined words.
3. Match the columns:
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4. Fill in the table:
VERB
NOUN (ACTION)
NOUN (AGENT)
to develop
development
developer
to consume
consumer
generation
compression
to design
migration
to connect
transmitter
5. Answer the questions:
1. How does electricity influence our daily life?
2. What was replaced with the appearance of electricity in the 19th
century?
3. What time and labour appliances can you name and which of them
do you use?
4. Where was the first industrial application of electricity used and
developed?
5. What is an indicator of the state development and economic health
of a nation?
6. What are the advantages of electricity?
6. Speak on:
Electricity nowadays.
II
1. Read the text paying attention to the underlined words and
word combinations.
The main units in electrical engineering are those relating to
current, voltage, resistance, power and energy.
PRACTICAL UNITS
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Current is that which flows along the conductors forming the electric
E
I
R
circuit. It is measured in amperes. Voltage and electromotive force are
those which cause a current to flow between two points when they are
joined by a conductor. The unit is the volt.
The total voltage generated by a cell or generator is called
electromotive force (e.m.f.). The difference in voltage between any two
points in a circuit is known as the potential difference.
The opposition which a substance offers to the flow of current is called
resistance. Substances having small resistance, such as metals and most
liquids, are called conductors, those offering high resistance are called
insulators. The unit of resistance is the ohm, represented by the Greek
letter Ω. A megohm equals one million ohms.
When resistances are connected in succession to form a circuit, they
are said to be connected in series. The total resistance of such a circuit is
the sum of all the resistances. Resistances connected to the same terminals
are said to be in parallel.
In a circuit in which a steady direct current is flowing there is a direct
relation between the current, voltage, and resistance, temperature remaining
constant, and this is expressed by what is known as Ohm's law.
The law is represented by the following equation:
,
I – current in amperes;
R – resistance in ohms;
E – voltage in volts.
The power in a d. c. circuit is found from the product of the amperes
flowing in it and the pressure at its terminals. The unit of power is the
watt. It is the power in a circuit when a current of one ampere flows
under a pressure of one volt. The practical unit of electrical energy is the
kilowatt-hour (kwh). It is the energy transformed in a circuit when the
power is one kilowatt and the time taken is one hour. In general
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practice this value is spoken of as a unit, and is the basis of charges for
1) current
a) Watt
2) emf
b) Ohm
3) resistance
c) Farad
4) power
d) Hertz
5) frequency
e) Coulomb
6) capacitance
f) Amp
7) charge
g) Volt
electrical energy.
2. Match the columns:
3. Answer the questions:
1. What are the main units of electrical engineering?
2. What is current?
3. What is the unit of voltage?
4. What does kilowatt-hour mean?
5. What substances are called conductors?
4. Give definition to:
1. Potential difference.
2. EMF.
3. Resistance.
5. Give examples of conductors and insulators. What is the
difference between them?
6. Give examples of semiconductors. What are their properties?
7. Speak on:
Ohm’s law.
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III
1. Read the text.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Much has been learned about electric currents through their effects.
We all are familiar with incandescent filament in the ordinary electric
lamp bulb (heating effect), with the vibrating hammer of the electric bell
when ringing (magnetic effect), with the decomposition of acidulated
water into hydrogen and oxygen (chemical effect), and with the
mechanical forces acting in the electric motor used for starting an
automobile engine (mechanical effect).
Electricity is completely intermingled with magnetism. We must
know these fundamental properties of a magnet well: a magnet attracts
pieces of iron, nickel and cobalt; the magnetic property is concentrated
more in the poles: if freely hung the magnetic needle sets itself with one
pole toward the north; like poles repel each other, unlike poles attract each
other; magnetism can be induced; a magnetic line of force is the path along
which an independent north pole would tend to move; a magnetic field is a
space in which there are magnetic lines; permeability refers to the ease
with which lines of force may be established in any material, and
reluctance is the resistance which a substance offers to magnetic lines of
force, i. e. to magnetic flux.
Many practical applications have resulted from the utilization of the
magnetic effects of electric currents. These effects are employed in motors,
in most electric meters (ammeters, voltmeters and galvanometers), in
electromagnets, and in practically all electromechanical apparatus.
2. Answer the questions:
1. What electric current effects are mentioned in the text?
2. What are the properties of a magnet?
3. What is a magnetic line of force?
4. Where can magnetism be applied?
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3. Speak on:
Electric current effects.
4. Translate the text in written form.
5. Give one minute summary of the text.
IV
1. Read the text.
BRANCHES OF ELECTRICITY
The study of electricity may be divided into three branches;
magnetism, electrostatics and electrodynamics. Magnetism is the property
of the molecules of iron and some other substances to store energy in a
field of force. Electrostatics is the study of electricity at rest. Rubbing
glass with silk produces static electricity. Electrodynamics is the study of
electricity in motion, or dynamic electricity. The electric current which
flows through wires is a good example of the latter type of electricity.
This flow of electricity through a conductor is analogous to the flow
of water through a pipe. A difference of pressure at the two ends of the
pipe is necessary in order to maintain a flow of water. A difference of
electric pressure is necessary to maintain a flow of electricity in a
conductor. Different substances differ in electrical conductivity
because of the ease with which their atoms give up electrons. Electrical
energy has intensity and quantity. Instruments have been devised which
can be used to measure it in amperes and volts.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the property of magnetism?
2. What does electrostatics study?
3. What does electrodynamics study?
4. What is the flow of electricity analogues to?
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