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Файл:Miscellaneous items. Общеразговорный английский язык. Учебное пособие.pdf
Е.Б. Попов
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
ОБЩЕРАЗГОВОРНЫЙ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебное п
Москва
особие
Ай Пи Ар Медиа
2026
УДК 81
ББК 81.2
П58
Попов, Е.Б.
П58
Miscellaneous items. Общеразговорный английский язык : учебное
пособие / Е.Б. Попов. — Москва : Ай Пи Ар Медиа, 2026. — 132 с. —
Текст: электронный.
ISBN 9
Це
студентов грамматике и общеразговорной лексике английского языка на
основе образовательных текстов, объединенных в десять тематических
блоков.
Издание предназначено для студентов всех специальностей и
направлений подготовки высшего образования, учебными планами
которых предусмотрено изучение дисциплины «Иностранный язык
(английский)».
Обложка Я.А. Кирсанов, С.С. Сизиумова, фотобанк Freepik
78-5-4497-4780-8
ль данного учебного пособия — последовательное обучение
Учебное электронное издание
ISBN 978-5-4497-4780-8 © Попов Е.Б., 2026
© ООО Компания «Ай Пи Ар Медиа», 2026
CONT
Предисловие ………………………………………………..
UNIT 1. Higher Education ……………………………….
UNIT 2. Information Resources ………………………..
UNIT 3. Family Relations and Household ………….
UNIT 4. Labour Hours and Spare Time ……………..
UNIT 5. Holidays and Festivals ………………………..
UNIT 6. Travelling and Transportation ………………
UNIT 7. Food: Tastes Differ ……………………………
UNIT 8. Keeping Fit ……………………………………..
UNIT 9. Quality and Quantity in Our Life ………….
UNIT 10. High-Tech and Society ……………………
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4
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94
105
121
ENTS
Предисловие
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначается для студентов
всех специальностей и направлений подготовки высшего
образования, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение
дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский)».
Виды заданий, предлагаемых в учебном пособии:
BEFORE READING - задание выполняется до прочтения тематиче-
ского текста
SCANNING - подробное изучение текста
LEXIS - лексический минимум, который необходимо усвоить при
изучении текста
QUESTIONS - вопросы к прочитанному тексту
SAY WHAT YOU KNOW – задание на поиск дополнительной ин-
формации по теме
EXERCISE – вариативные упражнения на знание и употребление
лексических единиц по изучаемой теме
KEY WORDS - ключевые слова по изученной теме; необходимо дать
толкование каждого из них, используя материал прочитанных
текстов
MAKE A REPORT – основные вопросы, которые необходимо учесть
при подготовке сообщения по материалам тематического блока.
3
4
UUNNIITT11..HHiigghheerrEEdduuccaattiioon
n
1.1. BEFORE READING learn the following words and phrases
which are essential on the topic:
academic – учебный, теоретический, университетский,
академичный
admission of students – приём студентов, поступление абитуриен-
тов
campus - университетский городок
college - университетский колледж, факультет университета,
высшее специальное учебное заведение
community college = junior college - двухгодичное учебное заведе-
ние, местный колледж, начальный колледж
curriculum (мн. число – curricula) - учебный план, курс обучения
dorm = dormitory - общежитие для студентов колледжа
educational establishment – образовательное учреждение
extra-mural study = home study = postal tuition = correspondence
courses = distance learning – заочное обучение
finals - выпускные экзамены
full-time education – очное обучение
GPA = Grade Point Average – средний балл успеваемости
graduate school – магистратура, аспирантура
graduation work = thesis - дипломная работа
higher education - высшее образование
honours course - дополнительные занятия и исследовательская
работа, дающие право на диплом с отличием
law course - курс обучения на юридическом факультете
lecture - лекция
lecture hall - лекционный зал
legal education – юридическое образование
major - основной предмет специализации, профилирующая дис-
циплина (в колледже; в какой-л. области - in)
moot – учебный судебный процесс в юридическом вузе
optional = elective – факультативный, по выбору
part-time education – вечернее обучение
practical training – практические занятия, производственная
практика
specialization - специализация
study programme - программа занятий
study skills - учебные навыки и умения
subject – учебный предмет
term paper – курсовая работа
tuition charge - плата за обучение
tutorial – (индивидуальные) практические занятия с руководителем
5
two-stage education – двухуровневое обучение (бакалавриат и ма-
гистратура)
vocational – профессиональный
academic rank = academic title - должность в высшем учебном за-
ведении, учёное звание
adjunct professor - адъюнкт-профессор (приглашается на работу
на условиях почасовой оплаты на ограниченный срок)
assistant professor – доцент, работающий по совместительству
(претендует стать «associate professor»)
associate professor – доцент кафедры, преподаватель с правом
стать «full professor»
faculty member - преподаватель высшего учебного заведения
full professor – академическая должность профессора кафедры и
звание «профессор»
instructor – преподаватель, ведущий практические занятия за
профессором
lecturer – преподаватель вуза
tenure - пожизненный контракт преподавателя с вузом, без права
увольнения администрацией
to carry out research - проводить научные исследования
to deliver a lecture - читать лекцию
to teach classes – вести аудиторные занятия, преподавать предмет
tutor - руководитель группы студентов, младший преподаватель в
высшем учебном заведении
alumnus (мн. число - alumni) - выпускник, бывший студент, быв-
ший питомец учебного заведения
Associate Degree - степень ассоциата, полученная после двухго-
дичного обучения в колледже
BA - Bachelor of Arts - бакалавр гуманитарных наук
Bachelor’s Degree - baccalaureate degree – степень бакалавра
BSc. - Bachelor of Science - бакалавр наук
doctorate = doctoral degree – степень доктора наук
graduate – выпускник | заканчивать высшее учебное заведение
LLB - Bachelor of Laws - бакалавр права
LLM - Master of Laws - магистр права
Master’s Degree – степень магистра
PhD – doctor of philosophy - доктор наук
postgraduate – аспирант, слушатель магистратуры
to award a degree = to grant a degree - присвоить степень, выдать
диплом
to enter a college – поступать в вуз
to keep terms - посещать занятия в вузе
6
to read law – изучать право
to take an examination - pass exam - сдавать экзамен
undergraduate - студент младших курсов
1.2. SCANNING
Higher Education
1. Higher education is a period of specialized study to qualify the individual for professional activity, following the com-
pletion of secondary education (that is why it is sometimes called as
‘tertiary education’) and usually affording, at the end of a course of
study, a named degree, diploma, or certificate of higher studies. The
duration of the study may be from four to seven years or more, depending upon the specialization.
2. The institution providing higher education may be either an institute, college or university or a type of professional school, e.g. military, medical, police or law schools. The basic entrance requirement
for most higher-educational institutions is the completion of secondary education, and the usual age of admission to university is 18.
3. Higher education in Russia is notable for its uniformity and
standardization. Any higher educational institution in Russia must
have appropriate license to be able to teach students. In addition, a licensed institution may also acquire the "state accreditation", which is
not the same thing as the license.
4. The accreditation signifies that any successful graduate of the
institution (i) was taught according to the standards, which are the
same for the profession throughout the country, (ii) had at least the
minimum number of obligatory subjects with the fixed number of
hours (iii) and successfully passed the final state exams. Only the accredited educational institution confers state-recognized diplomas or
degrees.
5. The Russian legal education system is based on European undergraduate traditions. Students may enter law schools directly after
leaving secondary school. There law students specialize in a certain
field of law such as civil law, public international law, criminal law,
administrative or financial law.
6. The prevalent method of tuition in Russian universities is a set
of lectures and seminars. The academic year is divided into two
terms. At the end of each term in January and June students pass
oral examinations. They are also required to get “practical training” in
courts, prosecutor or notary offices, state agencies and law firms.
7. Russian law schools are divided into two major types: (a) old
recognized schools and (b) new, usually commercial, schools. Practically all top Russian law schools were established before 1991.
7
8. Moscow University named after O.E. Kutafin (MSLA) is a recognized leader in quality teaching and research in different fields of
law. This institution as the all-union extramural courses of Soviet law
was established in 1931. Six years later the courses were transformed
into Law Institute. In June 1993, the Institute was granted the status
of Law Academy. In December 2008 the Academy was named after
Oleg Emeljanovich Kutafun who ran the Academy for 21 years. In October 2012, the Academy was reorganized into Moscow University.
9. Orenburg Institute of MSLA is one of the branches of the University. Others are in Kirov, Magadan and Vologda. Our Institute
came into being in 1941. In 2011 the Institute began providing twostage education: students who study for 4 years will get a Bachelor’s
Degree (LLB); those who are able to continue their education for two
more years will get a Master’s Degree (LLМ).
10. The undergraduates reading law in the Institute participate in
such instructional activities as seminars, lectures, moots, practical
training and study the following subjects: History of Russia, Civil
Law, Foreign Languages, Constitutional (State) Law, Criminal Law,
International Law, Labour Law, etc.
LEXIS
qualify - квалифицировать, обучать для какой-л. цели;
готовить (кого-л.) к какой-л. деятельности
secondary education - среднее образование
tertiary education - высшее образование, «третичная» ступень обра-
зования
institution - организация, учреждение
e.g. - например (сокращенно от лат. exempli gratia)
entrance requirement – условия поступления
completion – окончание, завершение
appropriate license – разрешение на ведение соответствующей дея-
тельности
general education - общее образование, общеобразовательная под-
готовка
accreditation – аккредитация, признание полномочий, подтвер-
ждение полномочий
confer – присваивать, присуждать
notary – нотариус
law firm - адвокатская контора, юридическая фирма
all-union extramural courses of Soviet law - Центральные заочные
курсы советского права
grant - официально предоставлять
instructional – образовательный, учебный
8
1.3. QUESTIONS
1. What is higher education?
2. Why is higher education known as “tertiary”?
3. How long may college education last?
4. What is the usual age of admission to colleges?
5. How may higher educational institutions be called?
6. Why is it preferable for colleges in Russia to acquire state accredi-
tation?
7. What are standard entrance requirements of law schools in Russia?
8. Where do law students in Russia get their practical training?
9. When was MSLA established?
10. How many branches of MSLA are there?
11. When was Orenburg Institute of MSLA established?
12. What subjects do law students study?
1.4. SAY WHAT YOU KNOW about the law course at your Institute:
1. What are the main subjects at the Institute?
2. What topics do these subjects include?
3. Can students choose subjects they study?
4. Which subjects are most time-consuming?
5. What kind of activities can students participate in apart from stud-
ying?
6. How many exams do postgraduates take?
7. What degrees do graduates of the Orenburg Institute of MSLA get?
1.5. SCANNING
Differences between British and
American Universities
1. Time to Earn Degree. In Britain, undergraduate degrees
take three years to complete, while master's degrees are finished in a
single year. A research master's degree takes two years to complete,
while a doctoral degree can be finished in three years. In the U.S.,
undergraduate degrees are completed in four years and many master's degrees are earned in two years, while doctoral degrees can take
anywhere between one to eight years to be completed.
2. Cost. Though UK university tuition fees rose to £9,000 a year
in 2012, they still were less than half of what many Americans pay to
study for a degree. Most private US colleges charge a minimum of
£20,000 for a degree course. State colleges are usually cheaper, but
students at an Ivy League university such as Harvard or Yale have to
find more than £21,000 a year.
9
3. Degree Differences. British degrees are more focused and professionally oriented than U.S. degrees. British universities allow students to specialize in a subject from the beginning of their experience,
while four-year U.S. universities feature more general curriculum.
Both the British and U.S. university systems have a wide range of degree fields.
4. Classroom Experience. Much like the U.S., British universities offer lectures, or formal presentations, to large groups of students. British universities also feature seminars for smaller groups of
students. However, British universities focus more on tutorial education than U.S. schools. British schools emphasis lectures rather than
interactive learning, a focus of the U.S. Much like the U.S., however,
British universities feature continuous assessment, where coursework, exams and projects are expected throughout the year for each
degree field. Final exams and dissertations are a prominent feature in
both countries.
5. Academic Titles. A “lecturer” is the junior academic rank in
the United Kingdom. Lecturers will normally have a Ph.D., but this is
not true of all subject areas. They will carry out original research and
teach undergraduate students. Lecturers in science will normally
have completed several years as a post-doc before taking up the lec-
tureship.
6. A “senior lecturer” (or “principal lecturer”) position is a career
advancement for a lecturer. Senior lectureships are usually awarded
based on excellence in teaching/administration rather than research.
A “reader” is on a similar level to a senior lecturer, but is usually
awarded the title for their research success.
7. The most senior academic job title is “professor”. Professors are
normally the people who hold the most senior positions within departments and set the steer for a department’s direction.
8. Not all college teachers in the USA are full professors. Many
are assistant or adjunct professors. Professors usually have doctorate
degrees. However, college students may be taught by instructors who
have not completed their doctorate degrees. After that, the instructor
could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have
tenure. A professor with tenure cannot be easily dismissed. Such appointments are permanent.
9. Assistant professors have five to seven years to get tenure.
They must teach, carry out research and publish their findings. Other
professors then study the work. If tenure is denied, the person usually
has a year to find another job. An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor and may later be appointed a
full professor.
10
10. Professors on the tenure track teach classes, advise students
and carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part
in community activities. Other teachers are not expected to do all
this. They are not on a tenure track. They are called adjuncts. An adjunct professor is hired to teach for a limited time, usually one semester. Adjunct professors may have a doctorate. But they receive lower
pay than those on the tenure track and have no job security.
LEXIS
research master's degree – степень магистра, присуждаемая лишь после проведения самостоятельного научно-
теоретического исследования
Ivy League university - привилегированный университет Северо-
востока США, входящий в Лигу Плюща; старейший университет Новой Англии
feature – характеризоваться, иметь особенность, отводить важ-
нейшее место
interactive learning – взаимообучение
post-doc – постдок (временная ставка (1-2 года) научного сотруд-
ника или преподавателя вуза после защиты диссертации PhD;
для получения постоянной ставки или длительного контракта
обычно требуется один-два периода постдока)
lectureship - учёное звание лектора
career advancement – профессиональный рост, продвижение в
карьере
set the steer – определять основной курс
study the work – изучать результаты работы, анализировать ре-
зультаты
on the tenure track – на пути к получению пожизненного контрак-
та на работу преподавателем в вузе
serve on – исполнять обязанности в
job security - гарантия занятости, обеспеченность работой
1.6. QUESTIONS
1. Where do degree courses last longer: in Britain or the US?
2. Where are degree courses more specialized?
3. Are university tuition fees the same in both countries?
4. Is a reader in British system an equivalent to an adjunct professor
in America?
5. Does the tuition charge depend on whether you enter a state or
private college in America?
6. Do universities in both countries feature tutorial education?
7. What is the most senior academic job title in British and American
universities?