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Теория и практика перевода (английский и русский языки). Учебное пособие

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chef

шеф-повар

шеф

boss

cereal

каша, крупа

сериал

tv series

clay

глина, ил

клей

glue

climax

кульминация

климакс

menopause

compositor

наборщик

композитор

composer

complexion

цвет лица, вид

комплекция

body constitution

concrete

бетон

конкретный

specific

codex

старинная рукопись

кодекс

code colon

двоеточие

колонна

column

concourse

скопление (чеголибо), зал ожидания

конкурс

contest corpse

труп, мёртвое тело

корпус

case

credit

зачетная единица

кредит

loan critical

решающий

критический

crucial

data

данные

дата

date

decade

десятилетие

десять дней

ten days

fabric

ткань

фабрика

factory

family

семья

фамилия

surname

figure

рисунок

фигура

shape

honor

слава, почёт

гонор

ambition

insult

обида, оскорбление

инсульт

blood-stroke

intelligent

умный

интеллигентный

intellectual

invalid

не имеющий силы

инвалид

disabled list

список

лист

leaf

magazine

журнал, склад, магазин (для патронов)

магазин

store

mark

метка, пятно

марка

post stamp

mayor

мэр

майор

major

matrass

больничная утка

матрас

matress

metropolitan

столичный, центральный

метрополитен

underground

minister

священник

министр

secretary

momentum

импульс

момент

moment

motorist

автомобилист

моторист

engine mechanic

multiplication

умножение, увеличение

мультипликация

animated cartoon

null

недействительный, несущественный

нуль

zero

nation

народ

нация

nationality

obligation

гарантия, долг

облигация

bond certificate

officer

чиновник, сотрудник

офицер

military officer

pasta

макаронные изделия

паста

paste partisan

сторонник

партизан

bush-fighter

panel

секция на конференции

панель

deck patron

покровитель

патрон

bullet

personal

персональный

персонал

personnel

physician

врач-терапевт

физик

physicist

piston

поршень

пистон

principal

директор школы

принцип

principle

production

производство

продукция

product

rapport

хорошие отношения

рапорт

report realize

осознавать

реализовать

implement

repetition

повторение

репетиция

rehearsal

replica

точная копия

реплика

remark

resin

смола, канифоль

резина

rubber

satin

атлас, атласный

сатин

sateen

scenery

пейзаж, декорации

сценарий

scenario servant

слуга, служащий

сервант

buffet

spectacles

очки (оптика)

спектакли

performances

speculation

размышление

спекуляция

gambling

spectre

привидение

спектр

Spectrum

spirt

рывок, струя

спирт

Alcohol

stool

табуретка, сидение

стул

Chair

terminus

конечная остановка

термос

Vacuum bottle therapist

психотерапевт

терапевт

Physician

trace

след

трасса

Highway

translation

перевод

трансляция

Broadcasting

troop

отряд, стадо

труп

Corpse

urbane

вежливый

городской

Urban

velvet

бархат, бархатный

вельвет

corduroy virtuous

целомудренный

виртуозный

virtuosic

wagon

повозка, фургон

вагон

carriage

wallet

бумажник

валет

knight

Задание 2 Переведите следующие предложения и словосочетания,

применяя разные виды лексических трансформаций.

1) Добавления:

These are all familiar faces. According to the company’s president, the crisis is inevitable. Blue collar workers of all industries wanted a pay rise. Modern weapons give new opportunities to the army Professionally, he can be completely relied on.

2) Опущения:

I took my bag with me. Working men and women deserve a better life. I am sick and tired of your problems. He jumped to his feet and ran very quickly. Tears are part and parcel of growing old.

3) Конкретизация:

Things look promising. The meal was served at 9 p.m. It will take me about an hour to drive there. All the hotels in the city provide parking facilities.

4) Генерализация:

Give me your hand.

The five-minute meeting with reporters was over.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11

13 14

16 17 18 19

21 22

24 25

26 27

28 29

31 32

35 36

37 38 39 40 41 42

45 46

A 120-voice choir was performing in the open air. Two persons were reported shot. The dog sniffed every inch of the ground.

5) Антонимический перевод:

Their attitude was not unfriendly. She had not left the hotel until after her driver came to pick her up. They had little to say to each other. The permission is not given unless authorized by the dean. Her name does not sound unfamiliar to me.

Задание 3 Antonyms are words with opposite meanings, such as night/day

or black/white. Find the antonyms for the words below and put them in the numbered squares.

Across

Down

4. over

6. high

7. win

9. answer

10. little

13. good

15. ugly

16. noisy

17. slow

19. always

22. come

23. difficult/hard

24. young

26. cheap

30. first

31. dry

33. early

35. in

37. wide

38. on

41. borrow

42. down

43. far

44. because

45. sour

46. hard

1. she

2. asleep

3. yes

5. day

8. happy

11. boring

12. rich

13. after

14. polite

18. long/tall

20. full

21. hers

25. light

27. old

28. deep

29. dirty

32. from

34. back

36. bottom

39. many

40. sell

Задание 4

1. A bird in the hand ______

a) is golden.

2. Two is company, ______

b) is the mother of invention.

3. Better late ______

c) as you’d have them do unto

you.

4. You can lead a horse to water ____

d) is through his stomach.

5. Necessity ______

e) but you can’t make it drink.

6. All things come ______

f) three is a crowd.

7. Don’t count your chickens ______

g) to forgive is divine.

8. The love of money ______

h) are soon parted.

9. The way to a man’s heart ______

i) to those who wait.

10. Silence ______

j) over spilled milk.

11. Don’t cry ______

k) is worth two in the bush.

12. Do unto others ______

l) is not gold.

13. A fool and his money ______

m) is the root of all evil.

14. A stitch in time ______

n) than never.

15. All that glitters ______

o) saves nine.

16. To err is human, ______

p) before they’re hatched.

Match the idioms. Here are 16 well-known idioms or expressions. Can you figure them out? Write the letter of the second part of the idiom next to its first part.

Задание 5

1. You look very sick; you’re ______

a) as stubborn as

a mule

2. The baby is sleeping; be ______

b) as cold as ice

3. Tom got perfect scores on all his exams; he was ______

c) as free as a

bird

4. Look at Susie all dressed up in her party dress; she looks ______

d) as proud as a

peacock

5. This bed is very uncomfortable; it’s ______

e) as white as a

ghost

6. Mark will never change his mind; he’s ______

f) as hungry as a

bear

7. I can’t see without my glasses; I’m ______

g) as thin as a rail

8. Jill hadn’t eaten all day; she was ______

h) as fat as a pig

9. Ann was so embarrassed when she spilled ink on Bob’s shirt; her face turned ______

i) as strong as an

10. Let’s ask Raul to help us move this heavy trunk; he’s ______

j) as pretty as a

picture

11. Akiko went out without her gloves; her hands were ______

k) as old as the

hills

12. Pablo needs to go on a diet; he’s ______

l) as hard as a

rock

13. I have no responsibilities today; I’m ______

m) as quiet as a

mouse.

14. I’ve heard that joke a hundred times; it’s ______

n) as red as a beet

15. Maria, you need to eat more. You’ve lost so much weight that you’re ______

o) as blind as a

bat

Insert common comparisons. Comparisons are often used in conversations. Can you figure these comparisons out by writing the correct letter in column 2 next to its first part in column 1?

Задание 6 Here are common expressions using parts of the body. Read each

sentence and put the letter of its definition (under Answers) on the line. (Try not to use a dictionary.)

1. You’ve reminded me about it six times! Now get off my back! I don’t want to hear it again. ______

2. Before a student goes to an exam, his friends often say, “Break a leg!” ______

3. He wasn’t telling the truth. I could feel it in my bones. ______

4. Gee, Mom, I didn’t really pay $200 for this baseball card. I was just pull- ing your leg. ______

5. You already have two cars! You need another one like you need a hole in the head. ______

6. I’m sure you can solve this problem. You have a good head on your shoulders. ______

7. They don’t see eye to eye on politics. He’s much more conservative than she is. ______

8. Have a heart! Don’t give us so much homework. It’s the weekend! ______

9. I’d like to remodel my kitchen, but it would cost an arm and a leg! ______

10. My sister said she’d keep an eye on our house while we’re on vacation. She’s going to pick up the mail and water the plants. ______

11. I’m angry with Mary for being so nosy. She opened one of my letters! ______

12. I’m up to my ears in work. I don’t know how I’ll ever finish this by Tuesday. ______

13. I was so frustrated. The answer was on the tip of my tongue, but I just couldn’t say it. ______

14. I’m not sure how much money we’ve made. But off the top of my head, I’d say about $1500. ______

15. Keep your chin up! I’m sure you’ll find a job soon. ______

16. Tell me everything that happened. I’m all ears. ______

a. Know by instinct. b. Be compassionate. Show mercy. c. Be extremely expensive. d. Think logically. e. Have the same point of view. f. Have an overwhelming amount. g. Can’t wait to hear the news. h. A first reaction without giving it

much thought.

i. Good luck.

j. Can almost remember something.

k. Be careful what you say; it may

not be what we want to hear.

l. Don’t get discouraged or lose

hope. m. Just joking, kidding. n. Overly interested in someone

else’s personal matters. o. Watch something for someone

else. p. Leave me alone. Don’t bother

me!

q. You don’t need this at all.

17. Bite your tongue! It is not going to rain on the day of picnic. ______

Answers

Задание 7 Here are common expressions using animals. Read each sentence

and put the letter of its definition (under Answers) on the line. (Try not to use a dictionary.)

1. John wasn’t surprised at his surprise party, because Sue let the cat out of the bag. ______

2. Jack was about to marry Jane, but at the last minute he chickened out. ______

3. When I introduced myself to the new student, he hardly talked to me. What a cold fish! ______

4. Will you stop telling me to clean my room? I heard you the first time. Don’t bug me! ______

5. When Joe was in college he loved to drink a lot and stay out late at all the parties. He was really a party animal! ______

6. When Ann and Beth spent the weekend together, they went off their diets

a. Difficult to believe. b. A good view from high above. c. Tell a secret. d. Able to overhear something. e. An unfriendly person. f. That’s amazing! g. Have more patience. h. It’s very wet outside, pouring. i. Get nervous.

j. Stop annoying me! k. Get scared and change one’s mind. l. He was sure he was smart, but I was

smarter. m. A dishonest or unethical person. n. Get two things done at one time. o. Eat a lot of food at one time (usually

low in nutrition).

p. Someone who attends too many parties.

and pigged out on pizza, coke and candy. ______

7. Don’t forget your umbrella. It’s raining cats and dogs. ______

8. The salesman told me that this was the best buy! But I found out I could buy the same thing at a much lower price. I outfoxed him! ______

9. Holy cow! Did you see how fast that horse ran! He won the race by a mile! ______

10. Paul is married and has a girlfriend. What a rat! ______

11. Relax! We won’t be late. Hold your horses! ______

12. Jason got an apartment on the thirteenth floor. He has a bird’s eye view of the park. ______

13. Whenever I have to speak in front of a large group of people, I get but- terflies in my stomach. ______

14. John told me that he had found three hundred dollars in the street. That’s a fishy story! ______

15. Bill and Beth were very hungry, but they had to finish a project. They killed two birds with one stone by working on the project at dinner. ______

16. Sue is going to tell her boss that she is going to quit. I’d like to be a fly on the wall when that happens! ______

Answers

Задание 8 Составьте рассказ на английском языке с использованием

фразеологизмов из заданий 4–7.

Задание 9 Переведите специализированные технические термины.

1. molecule mean free path

2. process hazards management

3. closed drain drum pump

4. marine riser system

5. air-cooling system

6. constant pressure control

7. conductors resistance test

8. short transverse properties

9. actual plane wing results

10. air-flow rate

11. fluid bulk motion

12. black-body radiation

13. cross-flow heat exchanger

Задание 10 Переведите экономические термины.

1. service management

2. low-pressure economy

3. price-dependent demand

4. over-the-counter market

5. futures and options market

6. arms length negotiations

7. direct-pay letter of credit

8. margin credit

9. domestic bank landing

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