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Файл:Тhe base of english skills development. Учебное пособие
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Wisdom from The Past
Below are quotes from various people. Think about
some of the things they are saying.
“The great use of life is to spend it on something that
will outlast it.” (William James)
“He that never changes his opinions, never corrects his
mistakes, will never be wiser than he is today.“ (Tyron
Edwards)
“The only man who never makes a mistake is the one who
never does anything.” (Theodore Roosevelt)
Task 1. Make up situations using the proverbs
- Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.
Досл. перевод: Деньги, истраченные на образование,
никогда даром не пропадают.
- Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.
Досл. перевод: Знание — сокровищница, но ключ к ней —
практика.
- It is never too late to learn.
Досл. перевод: Учиться никогда не поздно.
Русский эквивалент: Грамоте учиться всегда пригодится.
Task 2. Make up sentences with idioms
1. get the ball rolling / set the ball rolling / start the ball
rolling - начать действовать, запустить процесс
Example:
If we start the ball rolling I'm sure the others will help
us with this project. - Если мы начнем действовать, я
уверен, что другие помогут нам с проектом.
Right after the website is ready, we need to get the ball
rolling on finding an investor. - Сразу после того, как будет
готов сайт, нам нужно заняться поиском инвесторов.
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2. beside the point / beside the question - не иметь
отношения к предмету разговора; не относиться к делу
Example:
What you are saying is beside the point. We are not
talking about salary now. - То, о чем ты говоришь, не имеет
отношения к делу. Мы сейчас не о зарплате говорим.
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Упр. 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся
форму прилагательного.
1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada? 2.
What is the name of the (big) port in Russia? 3. Moscow is the
(large) city in Russia. 4. The London underground is the (old)
in the world. 5. My brother is (old) than I but he is (short). 6.
St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 7.
The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 8.
The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 9. What
is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 10. The English
Channel is (wide) than the straits of Gibraltar. 11. This group
studies (good) than that one. 12. Oxford is (old) University in
Britain.
Упр. 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Which is the most difficult subject for you? 2. Which is the
easiest subject? 3. Which of the subjects is more difficult:
physics or mathematics? 4. Who is the tallest in your group? 5.
Which is the most interesting subject for you? 6. Is English as
difficult as mathematics?
Упр. 3. Заполните пропуски словами than, as ... as, not
so ...as.
1. In winter days are ... long ... in summer. 2. Chemistry
is... difficult ... physics. 3.1 study English ... long ... my friend.
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4. My sister is older ... I. 5. English is ... so difficult...
mathematics. 6. Moscow is bigger ... Tallinn. 7. This machine
is ... old ... that one. 8. The new transistor is more powerful...
the old one. 9. The task of school education is ... important...
that of higher education. 10. John is ... tall ... his brother, but he
is ... tall ... his father.
Упр. 4. Переведите обороты в сравнительной степени
согласно образцу:
The longer the nights, the shorter the days. Чем длиннее ночи,
тем короне дни.
1. The harder we study, the more we know. 2. The more
you work, the better you know English. 3. The more we study
nature, the more we know about it. 4. The nearer the earth is,
the denser the atmosphere is. 5. The stronger the wind, the
harder the conditions of work for weather observers. 6. The
quicker we finish, the sooner we will go home. 7. The less we
destroy our planet, the happier we will be. 8. The more you
speak English, the better you do it.
The more we forget, the less we know.
The less we know, the less we forget.
The less we forget, the more we know.
So why study?
Упр. 5. Раскройте скобки, выберите нужную форму
глагола
1. I feel that the jury already (have/has) thought that
you are innocent. 2. The government (was/were) not able to
pursue the policy which had been promised before the
elections. 3. The police (is/are) investigating the case now. 4.
The crew of the plane (consist/consists) of four people. 5. His
company (was/were) founded in 1996. 6. The party (was/were)
in full swing. The music was playing, the company (was/were)
eating and drinking. 7. My family (is/are) early risers, so at 11
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o'clock p.m. the family (is/are) always in bed. 8. The cattle
(is/are) in the field next to it. 9. The committee (is/are) full of
enthusiasm. 10. Such an organization as the board of directors
(is/are) elected by stockholders. 11. The ship turned out to be a
good ship, the crew (was/were) skilled seamen. 12. The
government usually (consist/consists) of the prime minister and
several ministers. 13. The average American family (have/has)
three children. 14. The jury (is/are) represented by twelve
people. 15. The crops (is/are) good this summer.
Упр. 6. Раскройте скобки, выберите нужную форму
глагола to be
1. The crew (to be) rescued by our boat. 2. Her clothes
(to be) very fashionable. 3. Your advice (to be) always
welcome. 4. The information he gave us (to be) very useful. 5.
A little money (to be) better than nothing. 6. That species of
spiders (to be) commonly seen in deserts of North Africa. 7. I
think her hair (to be) dyed. 8. No news (to be) good news. 9. I
don't want to work here. The equipment (to be) too
complicated. 10. There (to be) a lot of sheep in the field. 11. I
think this (to be) detailed research. 12. Where (to be) my
spectacles? 13. The phenomena (to be) unusual. 14.
Mathematics (to be) difficult, but physics (to be) more difficult
to my mind.
Упр. 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past
Indefinite Tense.
1. The building of the trade centre (begin) a month ago.
2. It (be) bitterly cold yesterday. I (put) on my warm coat but I
(catch) a cold still. 3. The postman (bring) the morning mail
only at 10 o'clock. 4.1 (see) you the other day coming out of
the library with a stack of books. Are you preparing for the
exams? 5. We (have) a picnic yesterday, but the rain (spoil) the
whole pleasure. 6. You (go) to the South when you (be) a
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child? 7. As soon as I came up, they (get) into a taxi and (go)
away. 8. What sights you (see) when yon (be) in Egypt? 9.
Every winter Nick (go) to the Swiss Alps to ski. 10. He (come)
in, (take) off his hat, (move) a chair to the table and (join) the
conversation. 11. When he (arrive)? — The plane was delayed
and he (come) two hours later. 12. How much your bag (cost)?
— I (pay) $80 for it.
Упр. 8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Present или Past Simple.
1. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 2. Yesterday he (not
to eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late. 3. We (to like) to
cook but we (not to like) to wash the dishes. 4. He never (to
shout) at his students. He (to be) a wonderful teacher, I
remember. 5. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 6. Who
(to ring) you up an hour ago? 7. He (to live) on the third floor.
8. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 9. When
your lessons (to be) over on Monday? 10. I (to have) dinner
with my family yesterday. 11. Her friends (to be) ready at five
o'clock. 12. One of her brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last
summer. 13. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to
become) Queen of England in 1952. 14. You always (to get) up
at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past
seven. 15. Antonio Stradivari (to make) wonderful violins. 16.
Who (to paint) the world-known picture "Mona Lisa"? 17. She
(to know) all the works of Chopin. She (to enjoy) listening to
his waltz last night.
Упр. 9. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past
Simple, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. My sister (not to like) coffee. 2. When you (to go) to
bed every day? 3. What he (to read) yesterday? 4. What he (to
read) every day? 5. What he (to read) tomorrow? 6. You (to
give) me this book tomorrow? 7. Where she (to be) tomorrow?
8. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 9. She (to go) to the country
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with us tomorrow? 10. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 11.
What you (to do) last Sunday? 12. When you (to finish) your
homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 13.
How you usually (to spend) evenings? 14. What you (to do) in
the country next summer? 15. They (not to drink) tea
yesterday. 16. My brother usually (not to get) up at seven
o'clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o'clock, but tomorrow he
(to get) up at seven o'clock. 17. Why she (to come) home so
late tomorrow?
Упр. 10. Открыть скобки, употребляя глагол в нужном
времени.
1. She usually (to take) part in social activities. 2. I (to
be) a first-year full-time student. 3. I (to leave) school last year.
4. I (to graduate) from the University in 5 years. 5. This term I
(to get) an increased grant. 6. We (to have) final tests in
December and in June. 7. In the final year of study we (to
defend) our diploma projects. 8. Our University (to train)
specialists for the shipbuilding industry. 9. My brother (to get)
a Bachelor degree in 3 years. 10. It (to take) me twenty
minutes to get to the University last year. 11. Last week he (to
go) to the laboratory to carry out experiments. 12. She always
(to arrive) at the office in time.
Упр. 11. Поставить предложения в вопросительной и
отрицательной форме.
1. He saw this man 2 days ago. 2. We’ll return these
books to the library tomorrow. 3. The news will be of great
interest. 4. He studies at our college. 5. We discussed this
problem last week. 6. Students usually take exams in January.
7. I wrote a letter to my parents 2 days ago. 8. We took all the
necessary books from the library. 9. Today our lectures begin
at 10 o'clock in the morning.
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Упр. 12. Поставьте вопросы к каждому члену
предложения.
1. Students asked the lecturer many questions. 2. Usually
a lab assistant shows the equipment to the students. 3.
Tomorrow our teacher will give us a new task. 4. The librarian
gave us all the necessary books.
Упр. 13. А. Раскройте скобки, поставив общие вопросы.
1. (You do) ... anything interesting last weekend? 2. (He
works) ...at the institute every day? 3. (They will come) ...
to see you soon? 4. (We studied) ... at school last year? 5.
(She will go) ... to the theatre next week? 6. (The students
worked) ... in the laboratory yesterday? 7. (Ann gets up) ...
at 7 o'clock? 8. (There are) ... many laboratories at our
institute? 9. (There were) ... many students at the lecture?
10. (There will be) ... a library in the new building? 11. (We
have)... two lectures today? 12. (The book has) ... many
diagrams? 13. (You had) ... four exams last semester?
В. Вставьте соответствующие вопросительные
слова.
1. ... is your name? 2. ... doesn't understand this grammar
rule? 3. ... of you studies French? 4. ... is the answer to my
question? 5. ... do you live in Moscow? 6. ... were you born?
7. ... lectures you on mathematics? 8. ... do you study? 9.
Here are the books. ... is yours? 10. ... knows the answer to
this question?
Task 1. Roleplay the dialogues
37
IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN
Jack. Tell me, Brian, what
is it like to be a university
student in the US? Your
university system is known
to be unique, isn't it?
- Интересно, Брайан, каково
быть студентом университета
в США? Известно, что ваша
университетская система
имеет особенности, так?
Brian Schulz, American
university student. I think it
is, and our secondary
education system too,
which is quite unlike yours.
- Думаю, да, так же как и наша
система среднего образования,
которая в чем-то не похожа на
вашу.
J. And what's unique about
it?
- А какие особенности у нее?
B.S. At the age of 6 or 7
children go to elementary
school, which includes
grades 1 to 5, then at the
age of 12 - to middle school
- grades 6, 7 and 8, and
finally to high school grades 9, 10, 11, and 12.
- В 6-7 лет дети идут в
начальную школу, которая
включает с 1-го по 5-й классы,
затем в возрасте 12 лет - в
младшие классы средней
школы -это 6, 7 и 8-й классы и,
наконец, в старшие классы
средней школы - 9, 10, 11 и 12й.
Harry Clarke, American
high school student. And
many young people finish
their education at high
school. The thing is, it
provides not only academic
but vocational subjects as
- Многие молодые люди свое
образование завершают
средней школой. Дело в том,
что в ней дают не только
академические, но и
профессиональные предметы
тоже. Я решил пойти работать
38
well. I've chosen to work
after finishing school. But
Brian was enrolled to
Georgetown University last
year and is a freshman now
после школы.
А Брайана в прошлом году е
зачислили в Джорджтаунский
университет, и теперь он
первокурсник.
B.S. It all began at the end
of my third year of high
school with the Scholastic
Aptitude Test, or SAT.
- Все это началось для меня на
третьем году старшей школы
со Стандартного теста
достижений, или сокращенно
САТ.
A. Is it the same kind of
thing as the examinations
for General Certificate of
Secondary Education in
Britain?
- Это то же самое, что
экзамены на свидетельство об
общем среднем образовании в
Англии?
B.S. Not exactly. This is a
multiple choice test given
on the same day across the
nation. It's 3 hours long and
has several sections that test
math, verbal and reasoning
skills.
- Не совсем. Это тест в форме
множественного выбора,
который дается в один и тот
же день по всей стране. Он
длится 3 часа и имеет
несколько разделов, которые
проверяют знания по
математике, умение излагать
мысль и интеллектуальный
уровень учащихся.
Frank. So you work hard to
get good scores, the higher
the better?
- То есть вы стараетесь
заработать очки, чем больше,
тем лучше?
B.S. Yes. SAT scores range
- Да. Количество очков может
39
from 400 to 1600, with
scores over 1000 considered
good. Most colleges require
a good score for entry.
быть от 400 до 1600, более
1000 очков считается
«хорошо». Многие колледжи
требуют для поступления
балл, соответствующий оценке
«хорошо».
J. Well, what if a college
rejects you?
- А что, если тебя не примут в
колледж?
B.S. You can apply to as
niany colleges at a time as
you like. In fact it's much
easier to enroll at
University than to study
there.
- Ты можешь подавать
документы одновременно в
какое угодно количество
колледжей. Фактически
гораздо легче быть
зачисленным в университет,
чем учиться там.
Rona. Do you mean that
there is no competition for
admission at all?
- Ты хочешь сказать, что при
поступлении совсем нет
конкурса?
B.S. For some prestigious
and private colleges it is
intense. But some public
universities accept almost
all applicants. It is in the
course of study that nearly
50 per cent of the students
drop out.
- В некоторых престижных и
частных колледжах он очень
большой. Но некоторые
государственные
университеты принимают
почти всех абитуриентов. Это
в процессе учебы отсеивается
почти 50% студентов.
R. Did you have to pass
examinations?
- Тебе пришлось сдавать
экзамены?
B.S. I had to complete the
- Я должен был заполнить
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