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Файл:Тhe base of english skills development. Учебное пособие
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Q: Both.
И то, и другое.
Both... I think I am
introverted. But I think others
see me as extraverted. I like...
I like different people very
much. I like communicating
and socializing with people
very much, but I also like to
be alone. So, that's why, I
think, I'm introverted. Then
what else? I like traveling, I
like learning about other
cultures. I may be...
sometimes, I may be difficult
to be around, because I am a
very independent person. But
generally, I think, I am nice.
Or I'd like to think that others
see me as a nice person.
И то, и другое... Думаю, что я
интроверт. Но мне кажется,
что другие считают меня
экстравертом. Мне нравятся...
абсолютно разные люди. Мне
очень нравится встречаться и
общаться с людьми, но я
также люблю побыть одна.
Именно поэтому я думаю, что
я интроверт. Что еще? Мне
нравится путешествовать,
нравится изучать другие
культуры. Я могу быть...
иногда, я могу быть трудным
в общении человеком, потому
что я очень независима. Но, в
общем, я думаю, я приятный
человек. Или мне хотелось бы
думать, что другие считают
меня приятным человеком.
Q: Do you remember any
cases, when you were
surprised with yourself?
Помнишь ли ты какие-либо
случаи, когда ты была
удивлена собой?
I don't know, there've been
lots of situations, when I was
surprised. I guess it has to do
with some difficulties.
Whenever there's a difficulty
that I have to overcome, and I
think, 'oh, I can't do that , you
know, I just can't'. And then I
try to like stop and think
Я не знаю, было множество
ситуаций, когда я была
удивлена. Мне кажется, что
это связано с некоторыми
трудностями. Всякий раз,
когда возникают трудности,
которые я должна преодолеть,
я думаю: «О, я не могу это
сделать, понимаете, просто не
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about the situation, and find
the solution, and solve the
problem that I have.
могу». Затем я стараюсь както остановиться, обдумать
ситуацию и найти выход,
решить проблему, которая
стоит передо мной.
Q: What are your demerits?
Какие у тебя недостатки?
I can be impatient, and I get
very excited when I start
things. But it's very hard for
me to finish things. So, I
guess, that's the biggest
problem on a daily basis.
Я бываю нетерпеливой и
воодушевляюсь, когда
начинаю что-либо, Но мне
очень сложно доводить дела
до конца. Так что я думаю, это
самая большая проблема в
повседневной жизни.
Q: What helps you improve
your weak points?
Что тебе помогает бороться со
своими слабыми сторонами?
Just... telling myself,
reminding myself that it's
important to finish what you
start.
Просто... говорить себе,
напоминать себе, что
закончить начатое - важно.
Q: Do you share your
problems with your friends?
Ты делишься своими
проблемами с друзьями?
I think so, yeah, why not?
You know... it's good to have
friends, who can listen to
your problems and give you
advice. But your friends may
not always have the time to
listen to your stories, and
listen to your problems, and if
there's a person, who can help
you, a professional who can
help you, I think... I think it's
Пожалуй, да, почему нет?
Понимаете, хорошо иметь
друзей, которые могут
выслушать ваши проблемы и
дать совет. Но у друзей,
может не оказаться времени,
чтобы выслушивать ваши
рассказы, и выслушивать
ваши проблемы, и если есть
человек, который может
помочь тебе, профессионал,
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useful. Although, I've never
talked to anyone like that. I...
I've never been in a situation,
where I really, really wanted
to talk to... a professional
about personal problems that
I have, but I think... I think
it's not so bad.
который может тебе помочь, я
думаю... думаю, это полезно.
Впрочем, я сама никогда к
подобным людям не
обращалась. Я... я никогда не
была в ситуации, когда
действительно хотела бы
поговорить с профессионалом
о своих личных проблемах, но
я думаю... я думаю, это совсем
неплохо.
Q: Do you remember yourself
when a child?
Ты помнишь себя ребенком?
Yes, I do.
Да, помню.
Q: What kind of a child were
you? Were you naughty or
disciplined?
Каким ребенком ты была? Ты
была капризной или
послушной?
I think I was a very
independent child, and I
wasn't very naughty. No, I
didn't give my parents a hard
time. But I was a curious
child, I liked doing different
things, and I had lots of
friends. I preferred the
company of boys than the
company of girls, when I was
a child, and I also liked
having friends, who were
older than me, for some
reason, I don't know.
Думаю, я была очень
независимым ребенком, и я
была не очень капризной. Я
не доставляла своим
родителям больших проблем.
Но я была любознательным
ребенком, мне нравилось всем
заниматься, и у меня было
много друзей. Я предпочитала
общество мальчиков
обществу девочек, когда я
была ребенком, и мне также
нравилось дружить с теми,
кто старше меня, не знаю,
почему.
Q: Is it true, that you have
Будет ли правильно сказать,
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changed since your
childhood?
что ты изменилась со времени
твоего детства?
I think in some ways I'm
different, and in some ways
I'm the same, because... well,
everyone is getting older, and
we are as old as we feel, I
think. So part of me is still a
child, part of me is an adult.
Я думаю, в чем-то я
изменилась, а в чем-то
осталась прежней, потому
что... ну, каждый человек
становится старше, и мне
кажется, что нам столько лет,
на сколько мы сами это
чувствуем. Так что какая-то
часть меня -еще ребенок,
другая часть -взрослый.
Task 2. Find in the dialogue the sentences which can be
used to speak about yourself (10-15 sentences)
UNIT 2
1. Устный коррективный курс по фонетике английского
языка
2. Text 2 A. British Educational System
3. Text 2 B. Cambridge
4. Text 2 C. Character Comes by Learning
5. Grammar Review: Степени сравнения прилагательных (§
5); глаголы to be, to have (§ 6); оборот there + be; времена
группы Indefinite (Simple) Active (. § 7)
6. Dialogue It's never too late to learn
1. Pronounce the following words
[ɔ :]
also,false, salt, alter, bald, almost, already, always, walnut, all,
ball, call, fall, gall, tall, calk, chalk, stalk, talk, walk, wall, balk
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[a:] ask, answer, pass, grass, plant, bath, path, father, rather, fas
ten, can’t, after, class, chance
[ai] child, mild, wild, bind, blind, behind, find, kind, mind
[əʊ ] old, cold, bold, told, sold, gold, fold, hold, scold, bolt, colt
, dolt, molten, host, most, post, poster
[Λ] some, come, comfort, company, stomach, become, none,
money, monkey, son, ton, glove, love, above, cover, govern,
cover, govern, oven, mother, month, Monday, London, front,
among, done, tongue, brother, nothing, won, other, another.
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES
2. Make sure if you can read the words correctly:
Features, divided, compulsory, primary, assessment, junior,
higher, certificate, otherwise
3. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
Compulsory – обязательное; Easter – пасха; infant
school – дошкольное учреждение; half-term holiday –
короткие (каникулы); free of charge – бесплатно; сurriculum
– учебный план, расписание; primary education – начальное
образование; secondary school – средняя школа; grammar
school – классическая школа; comprehensive school – единая
средняя школа; abilitiy – способность; vocational education
– профессионально-техническое образование; General
Certificate – аттестат зрелости; in addition – кроме того, к
тому же; Advanced Level – экзамен по программе средней
школы на повышенном уровне; private school – частная
школа
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Text 2 A. Read and translate
BRITISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
The basic features of the British educational system are
the following:
1) education is compulsory from 5 to 16;
2) the academic year usually begins in September and runs to
early July; it has 3 terms, divided by the Christmas and Easter
holidays. In addition, all schools have a ’half-term holiday’,
lasting a few days or a week, in the middle of each term;
3) compulsory education is free of charge, but parents may
spend money on educating their children if they want to;
4) there are three stages of education. Children move from the
first stage (primary) to the second stage (secondary) at around
the age of eleven or twelve. The third stage is ’further’
education at university or college.
In 1988, for the first time in British history, a National
Curriculum was introduced. The National Curriculum tells
pupils which subjects they have to study, what they must learn
and when they have to take assessment tests.
At the age of 5 children go to infant school which is the
first stage of primary education. From 7 to 11 they attend
junior schools, the second stage of primary education. In
primary school children are taught the so-called 3R’s: reading,
writing and arithmetic.
At the age of 11 children enter the secondary school.
There are three types of state secondary schools in Britain.
They are: grammar schools (for the most intelligent children),
modern schools (for the less intelligent children) and
comprehensive schools (for children of all abilities). Grammar
schools lead towards higher education, and the others give
general or vocational education to prepare students for
employment or for further technical education. The regular
secondary schools offer 7 years of schooling, with students
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from 11 to 18 years of age. The last two years (16–18) maybe
spent in a separate sixth form college, which concentrates on
career training.
Between the ages of 14 and 16, pupils study for their
GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) exams.
Pupils must take English Language, Maths, and Science for
GCSE, as well as half GCSE in a foreign language and
Technology. In addition, they must also be taught Physical
Education, Religious Education and Sex Education, although
they do not take exams in these subjects.
Those who get good GCSE grades can stay at their
school for another two years, if it has a sixth form and teaches
the desired subjects, and then take ’A’ level (Advanced Level)
exams. Otherwise they have to leave their school and go to a
sixth-form college or college of further education. Further
education colleges have strong ties with commerce and higher
education and offer courses in engineering, cooking or
hairdressing.
The GCE Advanced (A) level is normally taken after a
further two years of study. Good A’ level results in at least 2
subjects are necessary to get a place at a university.
Universities choose their students after interviews. There are
about 100 universities in Britain. The most famous of them are
Oxford and Cambridge Universities.
About seven per cent of students go to private schools,
where parents have to pay for their children. The most
expensive private schools are called public schools. Most of
these are single-sex boarding schools and students can live
there during term-time
Task 1. List the following items in the order in which they
come in the text
1. At the age of 5 children go to infant school which is the
first stage of primary education.
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2. The most expensive private schools are called public
schools.
3. There are about 100 universities in Britain.
4. There are three types of state secondary schools in
Britain.
5. Those who get good GCSE grades can stay at their
school for another two years.
6. Children move from the first stage (primary) to the
second stage (secondary) at around the age of eleven or twelve.
Task 2. Put 10 questions to the text.
Text 2 B. Read the text “Cambridge” and tell about the
features of education at the university
CAMBRIDGE
Cambridge is one of the two main universities of England
which is located at the Cam River. It was founded at the
beginning of the 12th century. The University consists of
(состоит из) 24 different colleges including 4 colleges for
women. Each college is self-governing (самоуправляется).
The head of the University is the chancelor who is elected
for life. The teachers are commonly called «dons» and
«tutors». Part of the teaching is by means of lectures organized
by the University. Besides lectures teaching is carried out by
tutorial system for which Cambridge University is famous all
over the world. This is a system of individual tuition
(обучения) organized by the colleges.
Each student has a tutor who practically guides him
through the whole course of studies. The tutor plans the
student's work and once a week the student goes to his tutor to
discuss his work with him. The training course lasts 4 years.
The academic year is divided into 3 terms. The students study
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natural and technical sciences, law, history, languages,
geography and many other subjects.
After three years of study a student may proceed
(получить ученую степень) to a Bachelor's degree, and later
to the degrees of Master and Doctor. Students are required to
wear gowns (мантия) at lectures, in the University library, in
the street in the evening, for dinners in the colleges and for
official visits. All the students must pay for their education,
examinations, books, laboratories, university hostel, the use of
libraries, etc. Very few students get grants. Not many children
from the working class families are able to get higher
education, as the cost is high. The cost of education depends on
the college and speciality.
Сultural Note For 700 years the two universities –
Oxford and Cambridge have dominated British education and
today they dominate more than ever. Less than 1 per cent of
Britain’s population go to Oxbridge and make up one of the
most elite elites in the world. Oxbridge graduates often go on
to become powerful in British society. Because of this, people
consider Oxbridge as part of the British establishment
(правящая элита) and class system, and use the word
Oxbridge in terms of high standards in learning and teaching.
Task 1. Make up sentences with the following words and
word-combinations:
1. To be founded
2. To elect
3. To guide
4. Tutorial system
5. To proceed to a Bachelor's degree
6. To require
7. To pay for the education
8. To get grant
9. To depend on
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Text 2 C . Read the text, get its central idea and note the
important details
CHARACTER COMES BY LEARNING
(Характер формируется в процессе обучения).
Family Life: Plan For Your Future
The influences we receive while young dramatically
shape our character. They affect the very core of our being.
While none of us can choose to be born into a great, loving and
secure family, we all must learn to live and adapt to life as it is
given to us. Much of your future will be decided by the choices
you make in life. Career, marriage and family are all important
decisions that you will face one day. Practice making good
decisions early in life. Consequences follow our choices. Poor
choices lead to bad consequences, some of which may affect
your entire life. One day you may choose to have a family of
your own. Who will raise your children and give them their
sense of values? Will you be able to give your children a stable
home where they can live in love and security with a mother
and father?
Consider these facts in how you choose to live your life:
Living together before marriage is becoming increasingly
common in America. But research has shown that the chances
for divorce are almost twice as high for couples living together
before marriage, as those who don’t.
Children of divorced parents are statistically more
likely to show behavior problems, emotional difficulties, and
lower academic performance.
What kind of home do you want to provide for your
future family? Will it be better or worse than your own? Do
you want a lasting marriage and children who can grow up in a
stable home? What kinds of influences help move you toward
this goal? This is important…read on.
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