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Файл:Идеографический словарь англо-американских безэквивалентных словосочетаний. Справочник
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SPORT
appearance money – амер. брит. проф. деньги, выплачиваемые спортс-
мену за выступление на соревновании, иногда подразумевается, что
платят профессионалу, которого выдают за любителя на любительских
соревнованиях: Appearance money or guarantees previously were illegal –
though not unknown – and under the new system it has been estimated by
some top players.
association football – брит. футбол по правилам Национальной ассоциации футболистов Англии: The association football is played on a rectan-
gular field of grass or green artificial turf, with a goal in the middle of each
of the short ends.
ball boy – брит. мальчик, подающий мячи: He launched his tennis career
in 1923 as a ball boy.
banana seat – брит. разг. удлиненное велосипедное кресло: From the
banana seat hot rod to first generation mountain bikes and touring bikes
that rode like tanks to some of the best bikes money could buy.
baseball card – амер. бейсбольная карточка, маленькая открытка с
портретом бейсболиста на лицевой стороне и информацией о нем на
обороте, которые коллекционируют американские школьники: Be care-
ful what you use as a bookmark. Thousands of dollars, a Christmas card
signed by Frank Baum, a Mickey Mantle rookie baseball card or a marriage certificate from 1879.
body English – амер. разг. жестикуляция зрителей и игроков во время
спортивной игры: I see him waving and using body English to try to keep
the ball from going foul.
bowling green – брит. лужайка для игры в шары: As had been discussed
when lawn bowlers also came out in droves to ask the Board to consider
adding a lawn bowling green to the Fairway Recreation Center which was
originally designed without one.
claiming race – брит. скачки, после которых каждая лошадь может
быть куплена: That is, any owner who has raced a horse at the track dur-
ing the meet in progress may put in a claim to buy any horse racing in a
claiming race.
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cup tie – брит. матч на кубок: "This four days of training before the im-
portant Davis Cup tie is important and crucial. I will be working on my
movements," he added.
daily dozen – [ˈdʌz(ə)n] брит. разг. утренний гимнастический комплекс
из 12 упражнений: Being involved in a job which necessitates a good deal
of physical activity (housework, unfortunately, does not rate high in this
way, or taking part in a good deal of sport or walking (that ten-minute daily
dozen doesn't really rate here, either).
dead heat – брит. разг. состязание, в котором два или более участников
приходят к финишу одновременно: When a race results in a dead heat,
the heat shall not be run off.
dead lift – брит. чрезмерное, напрасное усилие при подъёме тяжестей:
Without the proper training and coaching for form, the dead lift can result
in serious injury.
deep field – брит. дальняя позиция, положение полевого игрока в крикет: By splitting the deep field between two defenders, the defense can dras-
tically reduce the number of long gains.
demolition derby – брит. автомобильные гонки на разрушение, в которых старые автомобили сталкиваются друг с другом до тех пор, пока
не остается один из них, еще способный передвигаться: Winning a
Demolition Derby is like being crowned the Mechanical Champion of the
community.
explosion shot – амер. брит. резкий удар по мячу в гольфе, выбивающий его из впадины: When confronting a plugged ball, use your sand
wedge and make an explosion shot in order to get back out on to the fairway.
fancy dan – амер. разг. спортсмен, работающий на публику: Mills
doesn’t stop there,
either, in picking off his fellow pantomime villains of the
Premier League era, giving both barrels to one of those fancy dan foreigners that come over here and win all our penalties.
first blood – брит. первый шаг к победе, первая завоёванная позиция в
борьбе с противником: King drew first blood when
he took the opening
set.
flat race – амер. брит. скачки без препятствий: Flat races can be run at
almost any distance, but they usually will not exceed more than a few miles.
gimme cap – амер. разг. дешевая бейсбольная кепка, используемая в
качестве рекламного сувенира с названием или эмблемой команды:
You will not see
his cowboys fixing a baler or wearing gimme caps. They
wear broad-rimmed hats.
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linear park – амер. дорожка для ходьбы, бега и езды на велосипеде на
месте бывшей железной дороги: Carroll Creek Linear Park has revital-
ized the downtown area with brick pedestrian paths, water features, planters with shade trees and plantings.
pigeon timer – брит. прибор, фиксирующий время и очередность финиша спортивных голубей: Pigeon racing is the sport of releasing special-
ly trained racing pigeons, which then return to their homes over a carefully
measured distance. The time it takes the animal to cover the specified distance
is measured with the help of pigeon timer.
sporting blood – брит. разг. пристрастие к спорту, скачкам: The cow-
boy's sporting blood tempted him to try to ride the wild horse.
tenpin bowling – брит. игра в боулинг: Try it and you, too, will find ten-
pin bowling is one of those simple activities the whole family can enjoy together that helps build good family relationships.
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MODE OF LIFE
American dream – амер. «американская мечта», идеал счастья и мате-
риального благополучия, который может быть достигнут любым американцем, символом которого является собственный дом: They were
also rejecting the Great American Dream that had gripped their post-war
acquisitive parents, who were stocking their homes with every electric device provided in the Fifties consumer boom.
American Way – амер. неписаные законы американской жизни – трудолюбие, вера в себя: Another is the American way, which is to be fast,
polite and cheerful.
answer call – амер. услуга телефонной станции по предоставлению автоответчика в случае отсутствия абонента: A Better Answer Call Centers
has served its customers by employing the most creative call handling techniques and applying the latest technology in telecommunications.
appointment book – амер. книга для записи деловых встреч: MyNA is
easy to configure and is based on the appointment book format, which
makes appointment data both visually accessible and easy to understand.
army brat – амер. сын/дочь военнослужащего: What is an Army Brat?
For Suzy, the army brat, it seems like she was isolating another to take the
attention away from herself.
Aunt Sally – брит. мишень для нападок и оскорблений: I'm happy that
we have finally shaken off the Aunt Sally label in this competition, happy
with the attitude of the players and happy that Richard Hill was not sent off.
baby boomer – амер. человек, родившийся в период пика рождаемости
в США после Второй мировой войны: The punk generation now spends
half their time whining about the smothering blanket of baby boomer nostalgia.
baby buggy – брит. детская коляска: It’s made to a universal design, so it
can be placed onto any baby buggy or chair which is really convenient for
mums or dads on the move.
baby bust – амер. внезапный спад рождаемости в 70-е годы после
всплеска рождаемости: These professorial candidates are drawn from a
generation born in the late 1960s and 1970s (the baby bust generation),
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which had the benefit of the birth-control pill. So, as the demand for new
professors will rise, the supply will fall.
bachelor girl – амер. разг. незамужняя молодая женщина, которая работает и ведет независимый образ жизни: She was a loner, a complete
bachelor girl, who wanted to live on his own in a small house looked like a
bungalow.
backroom boy – амер. брит. разг. учёный или конструктор, работающий над секретным заданием, особенно имеющим военное назначение;
сотрудники, выполняющие важную работу, но остающиеся в тени:
Gone are the days when the former industry minister was seen as just a
backroom boy of the chief minister.
back-seat driver – брит. разг. пассажир, дающий ненужные советы водителю во время движения; человек, чьи указания мешают делу: Se-
veral members of the board of directors have accused him of being a backseat driver.
bad news – амер. разг. скучный, неприятный человек, зануда: You stay
away from that man, he is bad news.
bag lady – брит. разг. бездомная женщина, всё имущество которой помещается в сумке: I went upstairs and told a policeman that there was a
dead bag lady in the basement.
bake sale – брит. продажа домашних печеных изделий для сбора
средств с благотворительными целями: She remembered it the morning
of the bake sale and after rummaging through cabinets, found an angel food
cake mix & quickly made it while drying her hair, dressing, and helping her
son pack up for Scout camp.
barber’s pole – амер. традиционный отличительный знак парикмахерской в виде столбика со спиральными красными и белыми полосами:
Another more fanciful interpretation of these barber pole colours is that red
represents arterial blood, blue is symbolic of venous blood, and white depicts the bandage.
barbie doll – амер. разг. очаровательная девушка, похожая на куклу
Барби, красиво одетая, но не отличающаяся большим умом: Barbie doll
and that's what she was.
barrow boy – брит. уличный торговец с тележкой, на которой разложены товары: The barrow boy sells fruits, vegetables, fish, or other goods
from a cart, barrow, or stand in the streets.
beauty spot – брит. живописное место: Guests will be able to visit some
of the local beauty spots.
bench scientist – [ˈsaɪəntɪst] брит. разг. учёный, работающий в лаборатории: We are looking for a hands-on bench scientist to join an analytical
development and QC lab.
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big brother (sister) – амер. брит. член общественной организации, оказывающий помощь детям из неблагополучных семей: In the midst of
these traumatic circumstances, her Big Sister Margaret has, and continues,
to go above and beyond to help support the Parker family.
big science – брит. научная программа, требующая крупных капиталовложений: Big Science's most ambitious projects – satellites and space
probes, particle accelerators, and telescopes – rivaled those of military and
industrial institutions in their size and complexity.
block grants – амер. целевые субсидии на городские нужды: "The Block
Grants are a major investment in energy solutions that will strengthen
America's economy and create jobs at the local level," said Secretary of
Energy Steven Chu.
boiled shirt – амер. разг. чопорный, напыщенный человек: Why are
prudish people called the boiled shirt?
book bank – брит. место сбора и хранения подержанных книг, предназначенных для благотворительной распродажи: Send our books to the
book bank.
book canvasser – амер. брит. распространитель книг по подписке:
Johnson got his first taste of the map business and a salesman and book
canvasser for J. H. Colton and company.
brain box – амер. брит. разг. очень умный человек: Some of the world's
outstanding criminals and dictators have been brain boxes who absorbed
knowledge like a sponge.
brain sucker – брит. разг. человек, живущий чужими мыслями, эксплуатирующий чужой ум: Don’t be a brain sucker – think by yourself!
bread line – амер. очередь бедняков или безработных за бесплатным
питанием: They had learned that it was easier to survive on the croft than
in the bread line.
bride’s basket – брит. хрустальная ваза в серебряной оправе с ручкой:
So this was more special than an average bride's basket. If you saw this in a
fine antique show, you would see a retail value of $2,500.
broad arrow – брит. знак в виде стрелки, обозначающий государственную собственность: Colonists paid little attention to the Charter's Mast
Preservation Clause and tree harvesting increased with disregard for broad
arrow protected trees.
brown bagging – амер. завтрак, который приносят на работу
; алкоголь,
который приносят с собой в какое-либо заведение: Honestly when
I think of brown bagging lunch, I think basic no frills sandwich and maybe
some chips.
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buck passer – амер. разг. неодобр. человек, уклоняющийся от принятых решений, сваливающий ответственность на других: We need an
executive leader not a buck passer.
bully boy – брит. разг. агрессивный, жестокий человек: Monday when
I met my colleagues I met this guy who proved to be a real bully boy, you
know the type: he is a trouble maker, always has something to say.
bus boy – брит. помощник официанта: His first job was as a bus boy and
then as a waiter at a Chinatown restaurant.
bush telegraph – брит. разг. быстрое распространение, сведений, слухов: Despite the fact that communities are incredibly isolated, the bush
telegraph is very effective.
buzz word – амер. разг. ирон. учёное или специальное слово, способное произвести впечатление на непосвящённого; усилительное слово
из профессионального жаргона: The politician's speech was nothing but a
lot of misleading statements and phony promises hidden in a bunch of buzz
words.
camera eye – брит. умение передавать что-либо абсолютно точно: In-
stead of “close-up”, he could have written “in detail” as well, but consciously reminds the reader of the camera eye.
captive audience – амер. слушатели поневоле (в автобусе, рядом с
громкоговорителем): The biggest risks marketers face by not finding and
engaging with a captive audience is wasting resources.
car pool – амер. разг. договорённость группы людей по очереди подвозить друг друга на машине, например, на работу: Growing numbers of
commuters, as a result, are driving their own cars to work or joining car
pools in which members usually take turns in
furnishing transportation for
fellow commuters.
career structure – брит. карьерный рост, постоянный прогресс в должности: We don't have a totally unrealistic career structure with junior this
and senior that and a multitude of fleet captain and other ranks with an ever
expanding range of aircraft you can fly.
caring profession – брит. работа, подразумевающая заботу о людях
(медсестра, няня): Whatever role you may take, nursing truly is the caring
profession.
carrier bag – брит. дешевая хозяйственная сумка, которую дают в магазине: He wrapped the pipe in a newspaper and put it into the carrier bag
together with the money. Started the engine and drove off.
cat call – брит. громкий свист или выкрики, выражающие неодобрение
на зрелищных представлениях: The pitcher heard angry cat calls as he
walked off the field.
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cattle market – брит. разг. место, где женщин оценивают только по
внешним данным: ‘Rebecca’s’ isn’t a cattle market like most nightclubs.
caution board – амер. брит. надпись, предупреждающая об опасности:
Fix a blinking flashlight on the caution board for extra precaution.
chain smoker – брит. курильщик, закуривающий одну сигарету за другой: Chain smokers do it when drinking alcohol because it potentiates nico-
tinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to re-sensitization and hence inducing
a craving.
cheap shot – брит. неодобр. словесный удар по больному месту противника: The remark about his weight was a cheap shot.
chinless wonder – брит. разг. молодой слабый или глупый человек высокого класса происхождения: He sat on his hotel bed, a chinless wonder
with watery blue eyes and a small moustache, and chatted about something.
city slicker – брит. разг. горожанин глазами деревенских жителей –
ненадежный человек, пройдоха: Having saved the sports car company
and turned himself in at the end of series one, Clive Owen led off the second
series in 1991 completing the last days of a prison sentence and abandoning
the city slicker lifestyle for a battle to save a bankrupt stately home.
clapper bridge – брит. переправа из плит и досок на каменной опоре:
The river then narrows to form a small rapid leading down to a low clapper
bridge which may need portaging in high levels.
clay pigeon – амер. тарелочка для стрельбы; человек, которого легко
обмануть или обидеть: Peter was a clay pigeon, it wasn’t a problem to
deceive him.
clever clogs – брит. разг. человек, который считает, что всегда прав, так
как умнее других: With as much passion as physically possible, he mana-
ges to explain this science easily enough so anyone who is not a science
geek would understand, but fun enough so fellow clever clogs.
clinging vine – [ˈklɪŋɪŋ] амер. разг. женщина, склонная ощущать свою
беззащитность и зависимость от взаимоотношений с мужчиной: Paul
needs a clinging vine, a woman he can support and cherish, a placid, amenable, domesticated type with no outside interests, who'll be happy just running his home and watching television with him.
common touch – амер. разг. талант общения с людьми из разных слоев
общества: Despite an excellent family and educational background, he has
the common touch.
complimentary ticket – амер. брит. бесплатный билет (в театр и
т. п.): One complimentary ticket will be given to each registered
Theatre
Major and one complimentary ticket will be given to each student registered in a Theatre class other than 200X – for opening night or any Matinee thereafter.
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conservation area – брит. заповедная зона, содержащая памятники архитектуры и охраняемая от застройки: You probably won't need to apply
for planning permission unless you live in a listed building or conservation
area.
conspicuous consumption – амер. показное, демонстративное потребление – социальная ситуация, при которой людям важно продемонстрировать свою обеспеченность, выставляя напоказ приобретенные
вещи: That is because the luxury industry is also facing its nemesis:
a self-righteous backlash against conspicuous consumption in America
and Britain, though not yet in Japan.
core time – амер. брит. часы, когда все работники со свободным расписанием должны быть на работе: Normally, under flextime the company
adopts a core time when all employees must be at work-for example,
9:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. However, employees
are allowed to adjust their
starting and ending time around those core hours.
country cousin – амер. брит. разг. человек из провинции, впервые увидевший город: Escorting two or three coaches full of country cousins on
their first importation into London.
cream puff – брит. разг. нечто пустое, малосодержательное: We'll never
win with a
bunch of cream puffs on our team!
crisis line – амер. брит. телефонная служба, оказывающая бесплатную
помощь людям, оказавшимся в беде: Crisis Line deals with a wide range
of issues – marital problems, family & other relationship issues, growing
up, alcohol & substance abuse, financial problems, health & well-being,
crime, suicide, depression &
related problems.
curtain lecture – амер. брит. шутл. выговор, который жена делает мужу
один на один: Often have you heard how much a superstitious wife, by her
curtain lectures, has worked upon her Christian husband.
daylight saving – брит. переход на летнее время: Another ‘first time’ was
the introduction during that summer, of a scheme entitled Daylight Saving
by putting the clocks forward one hour.
Dear John – брит. письмо от жены, которая больше не любит своего
мужа и выходит замуж за другого: My wife left me without a word at the
end of March, leaving only a Dear John letter on the table.
dirt farmer – брит. фермер, самостоятельно обрабатывающий свою
землю: In that title you get to play a poor dirt farmer in Africa trying to
survive and feed his family.
dirt poor – амер. разг. очень бедный человек: He was a rich farmer now,
while Doyle was still dirt poor and broke his back in the Arbuthnots' garden
with only a lazy boy to help him.
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dog day – брит. разг. cамый жаркий летний день: This is a perfect
dog day. The atmosphere thick, mildewy, cloudy. It is difficult to dry anything. The sun is obscured, yet we expect no rain.
dog tag – амер. солдатский медальон, на котором написаны фамилия,
группа крови и личный номер: The dog tag is primarily used for the iden-
tification of dead and wounded and essential basic medical information for
the treatment of the latter.
double take – амер. брит. зрелая, более правильная реакция на чтолибо: The Colonel did a sort of double take, as though he'd seen the others
for the first time.
empty nester – амер. человек, дети которого выросли и живут отдельно; «синдром опустевшего гнезда», депрессивное состояние, которое
развивается
у женщин, когда их дети вырастают и покидают родитель-
ский дом: One pastor said she was depressed because she was now, at the
age of sixty, an empty nester.
evil eye – брит. человек, который может сглазить: The evil eye is often
thought to stem from envy and malice toward prosperity and beauty, and
thus in many cultures unguarded praise of one's possessions or children is
thought to invite misfortune.
executive search – амер. систематический поиск лиц, обладающих
организаторскими способностями администратора: We specialize in
executive search and recruitment of top managers, middle managers and
specialist.
extended family – амер. семья, включающая, кроме родителей и детей,
других ближайших родственников. Такой тип семьи мало распространен в США: In most African countries the prime loyalty of the majority of
people continues to be the extended family and its clan, and ultimately the
tribe as the ‘widening out of the family’.
false alarm – брит. разг. человек, обещавший много, но не оправдавший ожиданий; ложная тревога: The rumor that we were all going to get
fired was just a false alarm.
fame drain – брит. выезд из Великобритании популярных эстрадных
артистов, чтобы избежать уплаты высоких налогов: She cut marginal
tax rates such that the "fame drain" and "brain drain" stopped and went
into reverse.
fashion plate – брит. разг. модно одетая женщина: Although the basic
purpose of the fashion plate was to illustrate new styles and sell more
clothes.
father figure – брит. разг. человек, которого любят и уважают как родного отца; руководитель, пользующийся авторитетом: The scene is pre-
sided over by a man who is both the perfect boss and a perfect father figure.
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