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определяется по-разному законодательствами разных штатов (обычно
16–18 лет): The Social Democrats passed a motion at their conference in
Brighton last month calling for a common age of consent at 16.
amusement tax – брит. налог на развлечения (билеты в кино, театры и
т. д.): Petitions against the Amusement Tax were signed in every theatre in
the Commonwealth.
antitrust legislation – амер. законы, принятые в США, чтобы предотвратить объединение крупных корпораций-трестов в монополии:
Certain kinds of employers' combinations seem to have been hindered by
antitrust legislation and this may help to explain the generally low level of
organization among employers.
apported tax – амер. проф. налог, поступления которого распределяются между административными органами штатов: But not all the
apported taxes by International Financial Reporting Standards were
applied concerning the calculation of the earnings from operations and the
net equity waiting for the finalization of the project of conversion to
the
International Standards.
articled clerk – амер. брит. стажёр конторы адвоката, работающий бесплатно в порядке компенсации за подготовку по специальности: Travis
commented that he was pleased to join Harneys as its first Cayman articled
clerk and said he is “proud to be part of this dynamic, enterprising firm
especially at such an
exciting time in its development. Everyone has been
very welcoming and the training has been excellent so far”.
attack dog – амер. служебная собака, обученная защитно-патрульной
службе: Michigan law states, a person injured by an attacking dog does
have the legal right to be compensated for the harm and injuries suffered in
the dog attack.
backalley abortion – амер. разг. «подпольный» аборт: Such preventive
methods can clearly have some impact on the incidence of mental handicap,
but this is comparatively small compared with the possible effects of screening techniques in conjunction with the backalley abortion.
bail jumper – брит. разг. человек, выпущенный под залог, который
спасается от правосудия бегством: New Jersey bounty hunter Stephanie
Plum is on the trail of semi-retired bail jumper Eddie DeChooch, an old
man who can still slip out of sight.
ball and chain – амер. цепь с ядром на ноге у заключенного для
предотвращения побега, применяется по отношению к наиболее опасным преступникам: Just as Marlowe can choose to enter into purely fan-
tastical land of his own making, which caters for his own desires and
ignores that which he is unable to cope with in the real world, Marvell can
41
slip into his garden and is free, for a period, from the ball and chain of the
world he flees from.
black-bag job – амер. разг. незаконный обыск помещения в отсутствие
владельца с целью обнаружения улик: Reasons for a black-bag job
include planting surveillance equipment and finding and copying documents, computer data or cryptographic keys.
blue flu – брит. забастовка полицейских, симулирующих болезнь:
I'm interviewing a former police officer who suffered a brain injury and his
employer accused him of having "Blue Flu".
blue laws – амер. пуританские законы, запрещающие танцы, шоу, спорт,
продажу алкогольных напитков, занятия бизнесом и т. д. по воскресеньям. В настоящее время в США сохранилось очень мало районов, где соблюдаются эти законы: John's strict paternalism fascinated the New York
newsmen who described it as ‘Tiller's puritanical blue laws’.
blue-ribbon panel – амер. комиссия «с голубой лентой», состоящая из
авторитетных и уважаемых граждан; присяжные «с голубой лентой»,
отобранные с учетом квалификации, опыта или образования: For
months now, the Department of Energy has been working to establish a
Blue Ribbon Panel which will evaluate options and provide a new policy
course for how we manage and ultimately dispose of our spent nuclear fuel
and high level waste.
circuit court – [ˈsɜːkɪt] амер. суд, проводящий выездные сессии в раз-
личных частях своего округа: On this occasion the Bank of Ireland
refused to accept this Independent Third Party decision and has now
appealed the case to the Circuit Court.
closing argument – амер. решающий довод, обобщающий вывод адвоката в суде: But regardless of how simple a closing argument sounds, it is
actually quite complex when you take into consideration the importance of
your closing argument, as well as the precise manner.
commuter tax – амер. дополнительный подоходный налог с лиц, приезжающих на работу из пригорода: The city of Washington, DC, has
sought to enact a commuter tax to recover costs of providing city services to
the approximately 300,000 people who commute to
the city from suburban
Maryland and Virginia.
confidence game – амер. разг. мошенничество, которое основано на
злоупотреблении доверием жертвы: That’s because a large part of medi-
cal quackery is a confidence game.
confidence man – амер. разг. мошенник, злоупотребляющий доверием
своей жертвы: Fawning yet fearless, possessed of a certain saucy vulgarity,
he gets away with it by virtue of his confidence man's charm.
42
contempt of court – амер. неуважение к суду, преднамеренное проявление непочтительности по отношению к действиям суда, наказуемое
по закону штрафом, тюремным заключением или и тем, и другим одновременно: The union disregarded the injunctions and was fined £50,000
for contempt of court.
contingency fee – амер. проф. сумма, получаемая юристом в том случае, если представляемый им клиент выигрывает дело в суде: Perhaps
the real problem with the contigency fee system is not that it exists, but
rather that it exists within a legal framework where law schools have great
financial incentive to take in as many students as they can and to graduate
as many as they can.
cooling-off period – брит. срок в несколько дней или недель при заключении контракта, когда можно передумать и отказаться от сделки; время для примирения в трудовом конфликте между рабочими и
предпринимателями: There is no cooling off period if the property is
purchased at auction, purchased on the same day as the property was
offered for auction.
crown witness – брит. свидетель обвинения: Since the defence must be
given a copy of the statement of a proposed witness who has not made a
deposition, it must follow that, if a Crown witness's evidence is intended to
depart significantly from his deposition and to be based on his statement to
the police, it is the duty of the Crown to give the defence a copy of that
statement in advance of the hearing.
deep throat – амер. разг. человек, через которого просачивается секретная информация: Deep throat is a humorous name used by two Wa-
shington Post journalists, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, to refer to the
person who gave them a lot of information about Watergate.
detention centre – амер. исправительный центр для малолетних преступников: The Home Office wants to prevent any repetition of last week's
incident when two Kurds facing deportation from Heathrow Airport set fire
to their room at the nearby Harmondsworth Detention Centre.
dock brief – брит. обязательная защита неимущего подсудимого барристером, получающим плату от суда: After 40 years of undistinguished
practice Wilfred Morgenhall, a cynical and unsuccessful barrister, is
overjoyed to be assigned a dock brief.
double jeopardy – [ˈdʒɛpədɪ] амер. повторное уголовное преследование
за одно и то же преступление, что запрещено конституцией: The Dou-
ble Jeopardy Clause encompasses four distinct prohibitions: subsequent
prosecution after acquittal, subsequent prosecution after conviction, subsequent prosecution after certain mistrials, and multiple punishment in
the
same indictment.
43
draft dodger – амер. человек, уклоняющийся от службы в армии: Can a
forbidden love between a draft dodger and a war hero survive?
drug court – амер. суд по делам о наркотиках: Drug Courts integrate
alcohol and other drug treatment services with justice system case processing.
electronic tagging – брит. электронный датчик на руке или
ноге право-
нарушителя, позволяющий полиции знать, где он находится: The sys-
tem of electronic tagging can also be used to enforce restrictions away from
specified locations such as victims' homes, and football grounds.
exclusion order – брит. запрет на появление в определенном месте в
целях предотвращения происшествия: The judge placed an exclusion
order on him, banning him from city centre shops.
exempt employees – амер. служащие с ненормированным рабочим
днем, которые не получают надбавок за работу в сверхурочное время,
предусмотренных Законом о справедливых условиях труда 1938 года:
On the other hand, the FLSA exempt employees who cannot claim any monetary compensation for working overtime are generally from one of the
three work categories – executive, administrative or professional.
family court – амер. суд по семейным делам: Lawyers get only $500 per
case now in family court, although such cases might last for years.
first offender – брит. человек, судимый в первый раз: Because he was a
first offender, he was put on probation rather
than sentenced to jail.
giving age – амер. брит. возраст трудовой деятельности: It says job ad-
verts should avoid giving age limits or ranges, and should not include
phrases such as "young graduates", "mature person" or "according to age
and experience".
hung jury – амер. разг. присяжные, не пришедшие к единому мнению:
The prosecution re
-filed charges less than an after a mistrial was declared
due to a hung jury.
immunity bath – амер. освобождение от судебной ответственности подозреваемых, добровольно оказавших помощь властям при расследовании преступления: It would be better for you to tell everything you
know, in order to get the immunity bath.
industrial actions
– брит. действия, такие как забастовки и другие
средства борьбы рабочих за свои экономические права, против предпринимателей или администрации: The applicants complain that the lack
of State protection against the industrial actions taken against their employer's restaurant violated their negative freedom of association.
intestate succession – брит. проф. наследование при отсутствии завещания: Although laws governing intestate succession vary widely in differ-
44
rent jurisdictions, they share the common principle that the estate should
devolve upon persons standing in some kinship relation with the decedent.
labor certification – амер. справка о наличии профессии для получения
вида на жительство, удостоверяющая, что иностранец, намеревающийся иммигрировать в США, имеет необходимую стране рабочую профессию: Where is the appropriate place to file a Labor Certification appli-
cation involving a foreign worker who will be employed at various unanticipated work sites?
legal separation – амер. официальный договор о раздельном проживании неразведенных супругов: Divorce is against my wife's principles but
she might get ideas as to a legal separation.
lily-white jury – амер. разг. коллегия присяжных, состоящая из расистски настроенных белых: PS notice that even Fabio’s post title says that
Blacks should pray for a “Black jury” rather than an “integrated jury” or a
non-lily-white jury.
long-arm statute – амер. разг. закон, позволяющий привлечь к ответственности жителя другого штата: Finally, Part IV examines the policies
for and against allowing the Georgia long-arm statute to pull foreign sellers
into Georgia before recommending clear guidelines.
night court – амер. уголовный суд, работающий ночью для рассмотрения срочных
дел об освобождении под залог: Like many of those who
have been using night court in steadily increasing numbers to try to right
what they consider wrongs, Mr. Spira was unlearned in the law.
opinion day – амер. день, когда Верховный суд США официально объявляет о решениях по рассмотренным делам: By the first opinion day, the
bar knew that the "work before us" consisted, in substantial part, of rejectting the work and the philosophy of the late justices.
orphan’s court – амер. суд по делам о наследстве и опеке над несовершеннолетними: The Clerk of the Orphans' Court office serves as the filing
office and custodian of records for matters involving adoptions, guardianships and estate litigation.
pay claim – брит. требование увеличения заработной платы: These ma-
nagers voted fat bonuses for themselves before considering the pay claims
of the workers.
plea bargain – амер. договоренность между судом и подсудимым, что
последний признает вину в совершении менее тяжкого преступления и
получит минимальное наказание, а более тяжкое преступление не
бу-
дет рассматриваться судом: Although the vast majority of criminal cases
are resolved through a plea bargain, it is wise for a person charged with a
crime.
45
preventive detention – брит. лишение свободы лица не в качестве наказания за совершенное им преступление, а в качестве средства предупредить возможное совершение этим лицом уголовно наказуемых деяний на какой-то срок: The federal government and all 50 states together
possess a wide range of statutory preventive detention regimes that are frequently used, many of which provoke little social or legal controversy.
private eye – амер. брит. разг. частный детектив: The biographer is a
strange figure, disinterested literary critic and peeping tom, historian and
fabulist, priest and private eye.
shield law – амер. закон о праве истца и свидетеля не сообщать суду
сведения личного характера: New York Times reporter Judith Miller
appeared today before the Senate Judiciary Committee to testify on a
proposed federal shield law.
small print – брит. важная информация, напечатанная мелким шрифтом на неприметном месте, оговорка, сделанная вскользь, но меняющая суть дела: The exclusion clause is contained in the small print of the
guarantee.
snatch squad – брит. полицейская группа захвата: For the past two
weeks an eight-man snatch squad from Israelís military intelligence, Aman,
has been rehearsing inside a secret military base near Israelís nuclear and
bio-chemical site.
special constable – брит. специальный констебль, непрофессиональный
полицейский, помогающий полиции в экстренных случаях: There are
many different types of job roles available at Lancashire Constabulary, not
only the obvious of Police officers but also voluntary roles including a
police special constable.
tax clearance – амер. документ, подтверждающий уплату налогов, необходимый при выезде из страны: A tax clearance is also required for a
financial closing or sale of a business. Obtain the clearance certificate
before you file the proper applications with the Secretary of State's office.
tax shelter – брит. прием, позволяющий
уклониться от уплаты налога
или способствующий его уменьшению: Other Administration proposals
chip away at such tax shelters as farm losses and certain trust income.
traffic court – амер. местный суд, рассматривающий дела, связанные с
нарушением правил дорожного движения: In some cases it is a good
idea to hire a local Richmond traffic
court attorney to ensure your rights
are protected.
white-collar crime – амер. должностное преступление: растрата, финансовые махинации, взяточничество и т. д.: L. Lay and Jeffrey K. K. Skilling
guilty of 6 kinds of white-collar crime on May 25.
46
TIME OF LEISURE
animal park – амер. зоопарк с бесклеточным содержанием животных:
The San Diego Zoo's Wild Animal Park is a zoo in the San Pasqual Valley
area of California, which is one of the largest tourist attractions in the city
and Southern California.
arcade game – брит. платный игровой автомат c видеоэкраном: The
present invention relates to a technique for managing a game apparatus
such as an arcade game or the like using encrypted information.
bank night – амер. разг. лотерея, проводимая в кинотеатре: While not
technically requiring any purchase, and thus circumventing the numerous
local lottery laws of the time, bank night had the effect of drawing people to
theaters, many of whom bought tickets anyway.
bar billiards – брит. вид бильярда-автомата, у которого опускается перекладина по истечении установленного времени и игра прекращается:
The last ball in bar billiards can only be potted by getting it into the '100' or
'200' point hole after bouncing off one side cushion.
beer garden – брит. сад при пабе, в котором летом можно пить пиво на
открытом воздухе: Many countries around the world have drinking estab-
lishments with an attached beer garden.
beer mat – брит. картонная подставка под стакан с пивом: Beer mat col-
lecting is extremely popular hobby in Germany, where beer mats are called
Bierdeckel.
bench dog – брит. собака, представленная на выставку: A competitive
class at a dog show for bench dogs of certain specified breeds for which no
regular dog show classification is provided.
bird dog – амер. охотничья собака, натасканная на птиц: The other
Spaniels, like the Springer Spaniel or an American Cocker Spaniel are also
great family dogs, but their hunting, bird dog instincts are far greater, since
they are still today used for such activities.
bottle party – брит.
собой бутылку вина: What kind of party is Tara planning? A bottle party?
bounty hunter – амер. охотник, истребляющий вредных животных с
целью получить вознаграждение: In the United States of America, bounty
разг. вечеринка, на которую каждый приносит с
47
hunters have varying levels of authority in their duties with regard to their
targets depending on which states they operate in.
bull session – амер. разг. откровенный разговор в тесной мужской компании: Sounds like some late-night bull session that got out of control after
a few too many beers.
business club – амер. клуб, объединяющий бизнесменов по интересам,
занимается благотворительной деятельностью, защитой интересов
бизнеса, место регулярных встреч: The Business Club gives business
owners the tools, tips and techniques to grow their sales and profits.
busman’s holiday – брит. разг. праздничный или выходной день, проведенный за обычной работой: A doctor had a busman’s holiday. Alt-
hough it was Christmas Eve, the patients kept on coming.
cash bar – амер. платный бар на банкете, свадьбе или приёме,
где гос-
ти сами платят за напитки: They had a cash bar at their wedding recep-
tion.
Catherine wheel – брит. фейерверк – огненное колесо; круглое окно:
When Catherine wheels are used in the transept ends, then one of those
windows is frequently dedicated to Mary as the Mother of Jesus.
celebrity chef – брит. популярный повар, часто участвующий в кулинарных передачах: Many consider Antoine Carême to have been the first
celebrity chef.
coconut shy – брит. игра, в которой нужно сшибить как можно больше
орехов, кидая в них мячи: Here we have the most popular side stall by far,
the traditional coconut shy. Two stands holding 4 coconuts each in a safe
netted area.
coffee break – брит. короткий перерыв в работе, чтобы выпить кофе:
The existence of this note wasn't in fact revealed until Martha made a comment during our mid-morning coffee break.
coffee house – амер. кафе, где подаются безалкогольные напитки и легкая закуска; одновременно является местом отдыха, где люди общаются, читают газеты, слушают музыку. Там выступают певцы, музыкальные ансамбли, проводятся собрания и т. д.: The Society of Gardeners met
every month, usually at Newhall's Coffee House in Chelsea.
coffee klatch – брит. дамская компания за кофейным столиком: Another
day and I find I’m at some suburban coffee klatch, we all talk over one
another’s sentences and refuse the pound cake.
commonplace book – брит. тетрадь для записи любимых стихов, цитат,
афоризмов: I’ll better
write this poem in my commonplace book.
48
company work – брит. работа, которой можно заниматься в компании
(например, вязание): Sewing and knitting are no longer the exclusive do-
main of grandmothers’ company work, and now so many people are picking
up their needles and thimbles.
concession stand – амер. киоск или столик с сувенирами, напитками,
едой в кинотеатре, стадионе, театре и т. д.: The types of food sold at con-
cession stands are often junk food; such as French fries, ice cream, popcorn, pizza, hot dogs, soft drinks, candy, snow cones, cotton
candy, pretzels,
and churros.
continental Sunday – амер. брит. воскресенье по-европейски с развлечениями, а не пассивное времяпрепровождение: In Europe, many Chris-
tians reacted to the harshness of the Reformers and developed the “continental Sunday” of church, relaxation, and entertainment.
daily double – амер. ставка сразу на двух лошадей или собак в соревнованиях: Because of the increased difficulty of picking two straight win-
ners, winning daily double bets often pay off at high odds.
day trip – брит. путешествие, длящееся один день: I remember my
grandparents taking
me on a day trip to Blackpool.
dating bar – амер. бар знакомств, в котором одинокие мужчины и
женщины имеют возможность познакомиться и пообщаться: Some
might see the dating bar as a homogeneous mixture of lascivious singles;
yet, others may see it as a unique variety of people.
dead head – амер. разг. человек, имеющий право на бесплатный вход в
театр, проезд и т. д.; нерешительный человек: The passengers, all spe-
cially invited guests, were Cabinet members, senators, ambassadors, and
other distinguished dead heads.
dog’s ear – брит. разг. загнутый уголок страницы: Removing dog’s ears
is not recommended on paper that has yellowed from age, as it may cause
the flap to separate from the page.
double act – брит. дуэт юмористов: They came to London (for it had
worked for Vic and Bob) and began their quest to become a female comedy
double act worthy of endless comparison to French and Saunders.
double dipper – амер. разг. два шарика мороженого в рожке; два удовольствия сразу: Have you ever gone to an ice cream stand and noticed
that the “double dipper” ice cream cone the customer beside you bought
has a lot more ice
cream than does your “double dipper?”
Dutch treat – амер. свидание, на котором каждый платит за себя: She
and Caliban enjoyed the better restaurants in town, and never ate at the
same place twice. It was always a Dutch treat.
49
facility trip – брит. увеселительная поездка за счёт государства или
предприятия: Sunrise Capital’s management would be able to be in Kauai
to represent the facility and provide a facility tour.
field sports – брит. занятие охотой, рыбной ловлей и т. д.: I had lived
long enough with my uncle Starkweather to catch some of his enthusiasm
for field sports, and to learn something, especially, of the angler's art.
five o’clock tea – брит. английский обычай устраивать чаепитие между
ланчем и обедом, между тремя и пятью часами дня: As a member of one
of the two departments of the foreign ministry was then divided, he found
that he and his colleagues spent much of their time playing draughts and
that there was considerable rivalry between the two as to which could make
the better "five o'clock tea".
floor show – амер. представление среди публики в ночном клубе или
ресторане: Come to our night club restaurant and enjoy a spectacular floor
show of the belly dancers, Anatolian Folklore groups and show will entertain the guests.
food court – амер. зона торгового центра, где расположено множество
закусочных быстрого обслуживания: Food courts, which began in the
early eighties, were promoted to food operators as a way to cut costs,
increase sales, and share common elements.
free house – брит. пивная, торгующая пивом разных марок: Some of
these free house chains have rather uniform pubs and products, while others
allow managers more freedom.
full tea – брит. полный чай, своего рода чайный обед: I worked in a very
‘upscale lounge’ where every Friday night
the same customers would order
‘ full tea ’ while I was trying to bartend.
grab bag – амер. мешок или ящик с мелкими вещами, которые вытаскивают посетители наугад в качестве лотереи за определенную плату:
Purchase a stack of lottery tickets equal to the amount of the grab bag
spending limit.
happy hour – амер. разг. время в конце рабочего дня, когда бары продают напитки по сниженным ценам или с бесплатными закусками:
There is a choice of well-prepared menu for all meals, and once a week
there is a pizza party and a Happy Hour when guests can socialize in a real
holiday atmosphere.
hash house – амер. разг. дешевый ресторан: Brian, who covers North
Asia for Courtaulds Coatings from his base in Taiwan, is head of the
Kaohsiung Hash House Harriers.
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