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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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Part B. Choose the correct alternative.
DESIGNER BRANDS AREN’T FOR ME!
(11) Although / because I follow fashion, I hate the phrase “must-
have”. (12) If / in case I read that Ugg boots or Prada sunglasses are the
latest “must-haves”, my immediate reaction is to think, “Why must I
have them?”
Why should I fall for the designers’ manipulative tactics, (13) what /
which are only intended to increase his bank balance at the expense of
mine? Designer brands, in general, are for people (14) which / who are
too insecure to trust their own tastes. These people decide that everything at Prada must be cool, so (15) unless / if you shop there, you can’t
go wrong.
I find it much more satisfying to pop into one of the cheap chain
stores on the High Street and buy a copy of the designer clothes for a
tenth of the price. OK, it works (16) provided / for you have to use your
special skill to find the one garment in three that looks great. But it’s
worth it! It’s like finding a piece of gold in a river. The find gives you immense satisfaction.
Which is (17) why / how, according to a survey done by a British
bank, young people with money are abandoning the designer shops and
buying their clothes in chain stores, second-hand shops, and in markets. This is the best news I’ve heard all week (18) because / because of it
means that young people have the confidence to trust their judgment.
Young people have changed (19) for / that’s why they are prepared
to take risks to look individual and not mass-produced. That has always
been my shopping philosophy. The exorbitant prices in designer shops
leave me open-mouthed. (20) Even if / although I had the money, I would
think of all the other things I could spend it on!
Part C. Spot and correct mistakes.
21. The jackets which this shop makes them are of excellent quality.
22. Can you get me one of those chocolate bars have got toffee in
the middle?
23. I’d always wanted to take my friend to the city where I grew up in.
24. Have you invited the residents who living here on a temporary
basis to the meeting?
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25. The bank robbery what I told you about is in the local newspaper.
26. High taxation is often the main reason which governments fall.
27. The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material,
most of them proved to be reliable.
28. But they’d traveled round the world they had little experience of
their own country.
29. Even although there was a Force Nine gale, the ship remained
stable.
30. Visitors to tropical resorts still stay out in the sun too long, even
they have had plenty of warning about the dangers of the sun’s
rays.
31. These exclusive villas are only a five-minute walk from the busy
centre of the resort. They are a haven of peace and tranquility
yet.
32. Ideal the house may appear at first sight, be sure to have a full
structural survey.
33. In spite of he had a full course of driving lessons, he failed the
test four times.
34. Despite she was a woman, Marie Curie made a successful career
for herself in a male-dominated world.
35. Although the fact that the machine was under guarantee, the
company refused to replace it.
Part D. Replace the fragments in brackets with their English
equivalents.
36. My neighbor told me (что) had happened.
37. Please, reply (как только) you get this letter.
38. Don’t bother me (если только не) it’s urgent.
39. I wasn’t worried about my weight (пока) I went to see a doctor.
40. The doctor told me I would have a heart attack (если не) I started eating less.
41. My friends gave me a surprise party (что) was nice of them.
42. He needs a firm hand (так как) he is easily influenced by other
people.
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43. The singer gave a wonderful performance (несмотря на) a slight
cold.
44. I’ll take you to the taxi rank (если не) you prefer to take a bus
into town.
45. Basically, the car is reliable (потому что) almost nothing can
go wrong.
46. (Хотя) we use most of the world’s fresh water for agriculture
only 20 per cent of it reach the crops.
47. There was nothing for me in my mailbox (что) was strange.
48. Don’t hesitate to turn for help (если) need arises.
49. I couldn’t make out (что) was written on the blackboard.
50. (Хотя) the weather was sunny it was bitterly cold because of the
strong wind.
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PART SIX NUMERALS
ORIENTATION: APOLO ANTON OHNO
6.1. Read the biography. Choose the correct variant.
HE IS NOT ONLY ABOUT SPEED
Apolo Anton Ohno, aged 29, is an American short track speed skat-
er and (1) eight-time / eighth-time medalist in the Winter Olympics. He
can boast of a collection of two gold, two silver and four bronze medals
and is the most decorated American Winter Olympic athlete of all time.
Ohno was born in Washington and raised
by his father who was a (2) single / one parent.
The father chose to name his son Apolo after
Greek words ‘Ap’ which means ‘to steer away
from’ and ‘lo’ which means ‘look out, here he
comes’, and was determined for the boy to justify his speaking name. Mr. Ohno, a hair-stylist
who often worked (3) 12-hour / 12-hours shifts,
didn’t want his son to become a latch key kid, so
he got him involved with competitive swimming
and speed skating (4) at the age of six / in the year
of six, to fill his spare time.
The boy practiced (5) dozens of hours / dozens hours a week and it
brought results. When he reached his (6) twelfth / twelve birthday, he became Washington state swimming champion, but preferred skating over
swimming.
When still a (7) thirteen-year-old / thirteen-years-old boy Ohno
showed remarkable commitment to his chosen sport so despite his young
age he was admitted to the Lake Placid Olympic Training Centre to train
full time.
In a year the teenager became the youngest US National champion,
later winning the title a total of twelve times. He also became (8) the one /
the first American to win a World Cup overall title in (9) the year of 2001 /
the 2001 year. In the United States, Ohno is credited with popularizing
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and being the face of his sport. He says it’s amazing being a role model
to many (10) hundreds of hundred young skaters.
Training has been the main focus of his life, but fortunately he has
been able to work on other endeavors. He studied business at the University of Colorado. Believing in healthy eating habits Ohno worked
with his training coach during preparations for (11) the 2010 / 2010th
Winter Games to develop nutritional supplement business called 8 Zone.
The name hints at the schedule for a dose of the supplement is to be
administered every (12) eight hours / eighth hour. He hopes this business
will be able to sponsor future Olympic participants who don’t have (13)
multi-millions-dollar / multi-million-dollar contracts.
Ohno is trying to promote a healthy lifestyle and has even written a
cook book. He also has a keen interest in being a philanthropist, taking
part in (14) several dozens of / several dozen charity events from helping
fight AIDS to launching the ‘Math Moves U’ program for (15) thou-
sands of / thousands school students. This program gives them a chance
to do their Math homework online with celebrities. Indeed, Apolo Ohno
is a unique person both on the rink and outside it.
6.2. Put in the words adding OF and / or articles where neces-
sary.
1. He had to sign his name five … times. (hundred)
2. We export 40 … tons a year. (million)
3. I just need to borrow a few … pounds. (hundred)
4. I’ve told you … times. (million)
5. … refugees are flooding into the country. (thousand)
6. Could I have two … eggs? (dozen)
7. We’ve got … bottles. (dozen)
8. He’s done it … times (hundred)
9. She made … in the property market. (million)
6.3. Complete the text with these words adding OF where necessary .
A GREAT DEAL FEW MANY MOST TWELVE TIMES
A THIRD A THIRD FEWEST MORE
NINETY PER CENT TWO-THIRDS THREE PER CENT
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DATING –– MALE AND FEMALE VIEWS
I read several studies about dating. In one American study, the researchers asked a large number of college students about arranging a
date. They focused on dates arranged by women. (1) ... the students preferred hints. In a hint, for example, the woman mentions that she has
noticed something about the man or seen him somewhere. If he talks to
her, she can pay (2) ... attention to him and act as if he is very interesting. Then maybe she can say that she’d like to talk to him again. These
types of hints were preferred by about (3) ... the students. About (4) …
the women said they wanted to wait for the man to ask. But only (5) …
the men wanted that. This means that almost (6) ... as many women as
men think that this is a good idea.
Such a large difference suggests that a lot of women are waiting and
hoping for something that very (7) ... men will do. This may be one of the
(8) ... reasons why students think it is hard to get a date. Another reason
may be their different opinions about asking directly. Asking directly was
chosen by the (9) ... women. More men, almost (10) ... them, liked this
approach. In fact, in another study I read, (11) ... college men said that
if they were asked directly, they would say “Yes”. An example of asking
directly was: “I have some tickets for a concert. Would you like to go
with me?”
In my opinion, this example may not provide reliable evidence about
dating. The man may want to go to the concert and say, “Yes”, but he
may not like the woman. Is this a date? I don’t think so. I believe that we
need (12) ... these studies to find out if men and women define “date”
in the same way.
6.4. Practice the use of articles with numerals.
1. It was only ... fifth of July, and no meeting was fixed until....
ninth.
2. June walked straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek,
and ... two settled down on a sofa never sat on since the hotel’s
foundation.
3. He’d catch ... two o’clock train back to New York.
4. She is quite aged for ... seventy, isn’t she? What I would call ...
old sev enty.
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5. The letter bored him, and when it was followed the next day by
another, and the day after by ... third, he began to worry.
6. Philip looked at his son with disapproval when he took ... second piece of cake.
7. He walked along thoughtfully. He wasn’t going to be one of ...
lucky ten who were going to be taken back.
8. “Miss Lucy will be ... second mother to the children”, she said.
9. They talked of ... thousand things, and they all talked at once.
10. The phone, ringing for ... fourth time, interrupted his thoughts.
6.5. Spot the mistake.
1. The money was (1) divided equally among the four brothers (2),
so each (3) received the quarter (4) of it.
2. Did you know that (1) at least (2) twenty per cents adult population (3) can’t read at all (4)?
3. A centimeter is about (1) two-fifth (2) of an (3) inch, or 0,394
inches to be exact (4).
4. I have been waiting (1) for one and a half (2) hours (3) and all in
vain (4).
5. It was a (1) two-persons (2) tent which (3) left us terribly short
of space (4).
6. Henry Eight (1) was definitely (2) one of the most famous (3)
kings of (4) Britain.
7. The (1) orchestra were(2) playing Mozart’s (3) twenty-nine (4)
symphony.
8. Several hundreds (1) visitors were expected (2) but many more
(3) turned up (4).
9. That will be (1) two pounds (2) and twenty pennies (3),
please (4).
10. James was utterly (1) bored and walked out (2) in the middle (3)
of the act two (4).
6.6. Spot the mistake.
1. In (1) this region only fifty per cent (2) of the (3) land are (4)
cultivated.
2. How much (1) is the half (2) of (3) a pint of milk (4)?
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3. Two thirds (1) of children (2) plays (3) computer games (4) these
days.
4. Three quarters (1) of the water (2) are (3) unfit (4) to drink.
5. The doctors rated (1) her chances (2) as (3) a nil (4).
6. You are in your fortieth (1), so stop behaving (2) like (3)
a teen (4).
7. At the local center (1) youth training (2) is available to (3) all
sixteen-year-old (4).
8. She is ill in bed (1) with (2) the temperature (3) of (4) 102 F.
9. The (1) Fifth Avenue (2) is one of the (3) most famous New
York streets (4).
10. Despite (1) all my efforts I came only (2) the third (3) which (4)
was a huge disappointment.
6.7. Complete the text using one phrase from the list in each
gap.
A FEW HARDLY ANY QUITE A LOT OF
AREN’T ENOUGH VERY FEW MORE
ENOUGH TIME MANY TWO OR THREE TIMES AS MUCH
LOT OF LARGE NUMBERS TOO MUCH
WOMEN IN POWER
More than a century after women started campaigning for the right
to vote, it still seems that there are (1) … women in positions of power.
In the world as a whole there have been (2) … female heads of state, and
in some countries women have (3) … political power. In industrialized
countries where (4) … of wome n work, it still happens that men earn (5)
… for doing the same job. Although there are (6) … successful female
business leaders, there are clearly many (7) … men at the top.
Many people believe that this situation reflects the fact that women
haven’t got (8) … to be successful in the work place, and in the home.
There is much (9) … pressure on women, they say, to be good wives and
mothers, and they are at a disadvantage in the job market. However,
there is (10) … evidence to suggest that women can be more successful
in the modern business environment than men.
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(11)… modern business operations now depend on cooperation and
flexibility, and women are better at these skills than men. So it may well
be that in the future, quite a (12) … important business will be run by
women, and it will be the men who earn lower wages or stay at home.
6.8. Complete the text with one word in each gap.
THE FLU PANDEMIC OF 1918–1919
The influenza pandemic killed millions (1) … people at the end of
World War I. As might be expected, a (2) … number of the victims were
soldiers. In fact, in some parts of the war zone, (3) … many soldiers died
of influenza as died in the fighting. Ten (4) … as many soldiers died of
influenza in the U.S. Army. Unusually, in the civilian population there
were relatively (5) … victims among the young and elderly, the usual victims of influenza. Instead, most of the (6) … million who died were the
strongest members of the population, between the ages of 20 and 40.
Doctors at the time had (7) … little idea of how to treat the disease
and it spread rapidly as the war ended and (8) … numbers of people returned home. At the time, (9) … of people believed that the epidemic
was caused by biological warfare.
However there is (10) … evidence to support this suspicion. Scientists now believe that a pandemic occurs when the influenza virus changes its genetic composition. This pandemic is sometimes known as the
Spanish Flu because it was believed to have caused eight million deaths
in Spain in 1918. However the outbreak is now believed to have originated in China.
6.9. Choose the correct alternative.
LIFE WITHOUT MONEY
At the age of 54 Heidemarie gave up her job as a psychotherapist,
gave away all her money and her flat and threw away her credit cards.
Today, apart from a few clothes, (1) three / third sweaters, two skirts,
(2) two / the two pairs of shoes, and a coat and a few personal belongings,
she doesn’t own anything.
It all began as (3) a one-year / a one-year’s experiment. In her home
city of Dortmund, Germany she set up a group where people swap ser-
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vices without using money, for example, a haircut for a mathematics
class. To prove that this could work she decided to give up using money
for (4) the first / one year. But when the year ended she continued and has
not used money since then.
At first she house-sat for friends who were on (5) three months’ /
three month’s holiday. She stayed in their house in return for watering
the plants and looking after their animals. At the moment she is living
in a student residence where she can sleep, have a shower, or use a computer in return for cooking for the young people who live there. She also
“works” as a psychotherapist.
“Before I treated very wealthy people but now I help anyone who
turns up. Sometimes they give me something in return, but not always”,
Heidemarie says. “I can live thanks to my contacts. A lot of people who
know me understand what I’m doing and want to help me. When I need
a bus ticket, for example, or a new tube of toothpaste I think, ‘Who
can I ask? What can I give them in return?’ It is (6) one / the one of the
st
mistakes of (7) the 21
century / century 21 that most people do some-
thing they don’t like just to earn money and spend it on things they don’t
need. Many people judge you according to how much you earn. In my
opinion, all jobs are equally important. You may not earn (8) thousands
of dollars / several thousands of dollars but you may be worth a lot as a
person. That’s my message”.
So what did she do with the (9) fifty thousand / fifty thousands she
earned from the sales of “My life Without Money”? She gave it all away –
(10) thousand / thousands after thousand and felt quite good about it.
6.10. Complete the sentences with English equivalents.
1. (Две сестры) lived for each other.
2. There is a letter for you. It came by (второй почтой).
3. He flashed a conspiratorial smile at (двух других).
4. During that time they had (ещё один ребёнок), a boy.
5. There were two flight attendants in the tourist cabin. Now
(третья) appeared from (первый класс) com partment forward,
and (трое из них) were holding a hur ried conversation.
6. “(Всех пятерых) ought to be photographed”, said Regan, sur-
veying her grandchildren.
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