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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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be used again. August, 6, 1945 is definitely one of the most tragic dates
in the history of civilization. The Japanese haven’t (13) … feeling the
consequences of the bombing up till now. The aftereffects didn’t only
(14) … thousands of people suffer. Irrevocable damage was done to the
environment that would (15) ... centuries to do away with.
4.25. Complete the text with the English equivalents of the
fragments in brackets
ALIA SABUR, PROFESSOR
Even if you haven’t heard her name before it is (1) стоит поговорить about her, because
promising American scientist but the world’s youngest professor.
the University of New York at the age of ten and (7) преуспела в graduating at fourteen. These achievements (8) не помешали ей получить a
black belt in Tae Kwan Do when she was just eleven.
Being a fast learner and a creative thinker she (9) ждала с нетер-
пением учёбы at graduate school. Alia was recruited by the most competitive schools of the USA. (10) По завершению her course she took a
temporary position at Southern University in Los Angeles because she
(11) настаивала на внесении вклада to the good cause helping the area
come back to life after the Katrina hurricane. Then she faced the challenge of working abroad, signing a one-year contract with a university
in South Korea. She (12) решила не возобновлять her contract and returned to her home town of New York. In summer of 2010 she repeat-
Alia Sabur, aged twenty-two, is not only a
We (2) привыкли к professors being grey-
haired, respectable gentlemen, but Alia (3) не
испытала трудностей в получении her professorship when she was just eighteen. (4) Нет
смысла сомневаться that this result was entered
into the Guinness Book of Records.
This young prodigy became known after (5)
будучи принятой into graduate school at the age
of fourteen while most students were well over
twenty. In fact, (6) вместо обучения at public
school for eleven years the girl was admitted to
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edly appeared on TV to illustrate her ideas on successful (13) иметь
дело oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
When Alia Sabur became a professor so young she broke the record
which had been standing since 1717. (14) Само собой разумеется it is a
remarkable achievement. Unfortunately not everything has been smooth
in the young scientist’s career. While she was busy exploring new ideas
some other scholars tried to use her research and take credit for it. At the
same time Alia was accused of plagiarism. Luckily she (15) не испытала
проблем clearing her name but it was a huge disappointment for her.
She says, she has always been motivated by love for science and not by
personal gain.
ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON VERBALS
Part A
Complete the sentences below with a suitable verb, using either the infi nitive or the -ing form. Choose from the following and
use each verb once only.
BE BUY COME FIND GET WIN HURT LEAVE LIKE
MEET PLAY SAVE SEE STAY TAKE TALK TEACH
THINK WALK WANT
1. Remember … some milk on your way home tonight.
2. I’m busy at the moment. Would you mind … back later?
3. I’m sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean … your feelings.
4. When she was a child, her parents wouldn’t allow her … in the
street.
5. There must be something wrong with Simon. He keeps … he’s
being followed by a private detective.
6. As they’d received a bomb threat, the police ordered everyone …
the building.
7. What with inflation and everything, it’s just not worth …
nowadays.
8. I remember … to be a pop star when I was a child.
9. Don’t pretend … jazz. I know you hate it really.
10. I really enjoy going to parties and … new people.
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11. Her parents were very strict and wouldn’t allow her … out later
than 10.30.
12. Parents usually warn their children against … to strangers.
13. I never go swimming because I dislike … my hair wet.
14. I agreed … her English if she helped me with my Spanish.
15. It was a very tough match, but in the end England managed …
by two goals to one.
16. He suggested … a taxi to the station.
17. The film star disguised herself to avoid … recognized.
18. Would you dare … through a graveyard on your own at night?
19. She was very upset when she failed … work in Sydney.
20. He wasn’t happy with his room so he demanded … the
manager.
Part B
Read the article below and then decide which word or phrase
(A-C) best fi ts each space.
DEADLY FLIGHTS
The death of Emma Christofferson from deep-vein thrombosis allegedly caused by a twenty-hour plane journey has led to calls for an
enquiry into so-called “economy class syndrome”. The cabin crew were
shocked to find the previously healthy 28-year-old in a state of collapse
at the end of a long-haul flight from Australia to London. A blood clot
had spread from her legs to her lungs with fatal results. Experts believe
her death is just the latest example of the growing danger posed by (21)
… for extended periods of time in cramped aircraft seats.
Farol Khan, director of the Aviation Health Institute, (22) … to have
evidence that more than 6,000 passengers a year die of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) as a result of long-haul flights. Unfortunately, as symptoms
often take some time (23) …, the link between the condition and flying
is not always apparent. But there seems (24) … a clear relationship between the occurrence of DVT and the steady reduction in the amount
of legroom between seats in economy class cabins. In a bid (25) … the
number of passengers carried and their consequent profitability, many
airlines have squeezed more and more seats into their planes, at the cost
of comfort and legroom. And our (26) … these uncomfortable conditions is simply based on the fact that we know more seats means lower
prices. But with limited opportunities (27) … or move around, the blood
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circulation in passengers’ legs (28) … to slow down, and blood clots can
easily develop.
Most at risk are elderly people, sufferers from heart conditions and
smokers. But as Emma Christofferson’s case shows, even the young and
healthy can do little to prevent blood clots (29) ... under these circumstances.
(30) … a “caring, sharing” image is something many airlines are
keen on, and some of these have finally (31) … to take the problem more
seriously by issuing health advice to passengers “trapped” on their longhaul flights. They usually recommend (32) … the legs and feet regularly,
and advise (33) … walks up and down the aisle at least once an hour. But,
as any experienced traveller knows, the aisles on most planes are only
just wide enough for the trolleys (34) … through. It is often impossible
(35) … down the aisle (36) … to the toilets, let alone (37) … exercise.
The truth is that until we are all prepared to (38) ... paying rock-bottom
prices for long distance travel, the airlines will have no incentive (39) …
conditions. And a return to exclusive and expensive air travel is something nobody would (40) … advocating.
AB C
21 sitting to sit sit
22 suggests admits claims
23 appearing to appear having appeared
24 being to be be
25 increasing of increasing to increase
26 putting up with put up with to put up with
27 stretching to stretch stretch
28 begins risks can’t help
29 occurring to occur occur
30 promoting to promote to be promoted
31 suggested considered started
32 moving to move move
33 taking to take take
34 getting to get get
35 walking to walk walk
36 getting to get get
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AB C
37 taking to take take
38 give up fail refuse
39 improving to improve improve
40 undertake choose contemplate
Part C
Complete the text with the – ING form or to-infi nitive of the
verbs in brackets.
THE FIRST EXPLORERS TO CROSS AUSTRALIA
John Stuart decided (41) … (cross) Australia from south to north in
1859. He wanted (42) … (win) a prize offered by the South Australian
government. This meant (43) … (travel) across mountains and desert
for 3,000 kilometres. He and his three companions kept (44) … (ride)
for eight months before reaching the centre of the continent. What had
they expected (45) … (find)? So far, they had only succeeded in (46) …
(discover) a huge desert. On this expedition Stuart failed (47) … (reach)
the coast, and turned back ill and short of food. He tried (48) … (com-
plete) the journey the next year, but failed again. Finally in 1861 he managed (49) … (arrive) at the northern coast, near the modern city of Darwin. Ever since he has been famous for (50) … (cross) the continent,
though sadly he died soon after his return to Adelaide.
Part D
Do editing. Correct 7 mistakes in the use of infi nitives and ger-
unds in this text below.
MY FIRST WORKING EXPERIENCE
I have never forgotten (51) work as a hotel maid one summer when
I was a teenager. My aunt was an assistant manager at the hotel and she
encouraged me (52) take the summer job. She had been a maid at one
time and she advised me (53) remember to clean the bathrooms really
well. Nobody likes (54) clean bathrooms, but I didn’t mind (55) doing it
as part of my summer job.
Some of the visitors were really nice and I could practise (56) speak
English with them. I enjoyed (57) trying to improve my English and it
helped me when I went to college later. I also learned that I didn’t want
(58) to work as a hotel maid forever, but I don’t regret (59) to do it for one
summer. I decided to study harder at school so I could go to college and
try (60) get a better job.
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PART FIVE CONJUNCTIONS
ORIENTATION: KRISTEN JAYMES STEWART
5.1. Complete the biography by crossing out one bad choice out
of three in the brackets.
FAR FROM BEING A ONE-ROLE STAR
(1) Even though, in spite of, although she is best known for playing
Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga,
ertheless, besides far from being a one-role actress. Her acting career
started when the girl was only nine years old (3) so, because, that’s why
Kristen is quite an experienced actress (4) even if, though, as her first role
was a non-speaking part.
Los Angeles. (5) So, because, as her whole family
worked behind the camera, Kristen thought she
would become a writer/director, (6) for, but, and
never considered being an actress. (7) Yet, none-
theless, since the girl, in her own words, used to
“practice her autograph on everything”.
ful role in a school Christmas play Kristen was
noticed by an agent and started going to audi-
tions. (9) Since, as, so the camera seemed to love
her, she got a number of roles, mostly of rebellious teenagers. The list of
her roles was getting more and more impressive, (10) because, that’s why,
so Kristen was nominated for several awards.
Small wonder her movie projects got in the way with her education
(11) as a result, therefore, since the girl had to quit going to school and
study at home with tutors. (12) Since, as, as a result, Kristen never considered herself a celebrity. Instead, she often felt frustrated because of
her school teachers’ discouraging attitude. (13) Nevertheless, however,
as she never lost her taste for education. (14) Apart from, instead of, be-
sides acting, she is also interested in attending college in the near future,
in Australia perhaps, her mother’s native country. (15) Since, as, as a
Kristen Stewart is (2) however, nev-
The would-be actress was born and raised in
(8) Thanks to, due to, according to a success-
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result she wouldn’t like to be an actress all her life but she’d rather try
story/script writing.
In an interview, Kristen said, “I want to go to college for literature. I
want to be a writer. I mean, I love what I do, but it’s not all I want to do – be
a professional liar for the rest of my life”.
(16) But, yet, and the world knows her as Bella Swan from The Twi-
light Saga. The role turned her into a teen idol, of course, but it also
made her acting more mature. Time will show how long the twilight star
will twinkle, and how brightly.
5.2. Complete the clauses 1-15 with a suitable clause from
those marked A-P.
1. Use microwaveable food ... _________
2. He promised to give his parents a call... _________
3. I wouldn’t take a job there ... _________
4. As a child, she wasn’t allowed to go to bed ... _________
5. You can borrow the car ... _________
6. He never went abroad on holiday ... _________
7. We’ll have a picnic this afternoon ... _________
8. Take a jumper with you ... _________
9. I always feel like singing ... _________
10. Everyone in the room went completely quiet... _________
11. She couldn’t go to the party ... _________
12. She’ll be a very good reporter ... _________
13. She confessed that she married her husband ... _________
14. I won’t pass my exams in the summer ... _________
15. I’ll go to the party with you tonight... _________
A ... even if they offered me 5,000 a month.
B ... once she’s had more experience.
C ... whenever I hear that song on the radio.
D ... even though she didn’t love him at the time.
E ... because she was ill.
F ... until she had kissed everyone goodnight,
G ... as the headmaster stood up to announce the exam results,
H ... so that you won’t need to spend ages cooking things,
I ... in case it gets colder later on.
J ... as soon as he got to his hotel.
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K ... although he could easily afford it.
L ... provided that the weather stays fine,
M ... if you pick me up from work,
N ... unless I work a lot harder.
O ... as long as you fill it up with petrol.
5.3. Match the sentence halves.
1. My mother goes out to work whereas …
2. He’s still out of work despite …
3. Lo is very active although …
4. David isn’t getting better even though …
5. They always seem happy despite …
6. He’s unhappy in spite of the fact that …
7. Sam gets a huge salary while …
8. I’m feeling really tired in spite of …
9. We went hiking …
10. The elderly often prefer to keep pets …
A. … his appetite has returned.
B. … he makes a lot of money.
C. … going for three interviews a week.
D. … my father stays at home.
E. … in spite of quite an alarming weather forecast.
F. … their poverty.
G. … she hasn’t been feeling well lately.
H. … though taking care of them may be a burden.
I. … having slept well last night.
J. …his assistant hardly earns anything
5.4. Mark the correct phrase/conjunction in each pair.
1. Flat mates often don’t get on very well at first. In addition / In
fact, they can have a lot of arguments.
2. Flats in my city are very expensive for one person. In addition /
In other words, I like sharing.
3. Most people share household tasks. For instance / That is to say,
they take it in turns to wash up.
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4. I haven’t got room for a flat mate. Moreover / For example, I like
living on my own.
5. I think that house would be too expensive. Similarly / Besides,
it’s a long way from the centre.
6. He’s a nice guy to live with. Nevertheless / What’s more, he needs
to help out more.
7. The flat is on the fifth floor, and there is no lift. Because of this /
Even so, we decided to rent it.
8. It’s not very big. Even so / On the other hand, it’s right in the
centre.
9. The company will be a success even if / provided that we all
work hard.
10. Unless / if we get more customers, we will have to close.
5.5. Join the sentence pairs. Use the time conjunctions in brackets and make any other changes necessary. You may need to change
the order of the sentences.
1. I heard the news. Then I phoned my sister. (as soon as)
2. I went to see a friend. Then I went home. (after)
3. I waited for around an hour. Then he arrived. (by the time)
4. The boss resigned. Then the business collapsed. (when)
5. I was gardening for hours. Then she phoned me. (when)
6. He was talking. At that time, the dog ran away. (while)
7. The plane left. Then we got to the airport. (by the time)
8. I never ate caviar. Then I went to Russia. (before)
9. I talked to my parents. Then I made up my mind (after)
10. I heard his name. Then I understood it was familiar. (when)
5.6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. There
may be more than one way of doing this correctly.
1. The weather wasn’t very good but we enjoyed the holiday.
(although)
2. Your success was due to hard work. Mine was due to good luck.
(whereas)
3. It’s very disappointing for you but it’s not the end of the world.
(though)
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4. She has no real problems. However, she’s always complaining.
(yet)
5. There were protests from the public but the law was passed.
(even)
6. You’re right in a way. And you’re wrong in other ways.
(while)
7. I was very angry but I said nothing. (though)
8. I’ve known her for years but I don’t really understand her.
(even)
9. We have little in common but we get on very well. (although)
10. My sister is very patient. However, I often lose my temper.
(whereas)
5.7. Decide which answer – A, B, C or D – best fi ts each
space.
1. … Joe arrived at the cinema, the film had finished.
A While B As soon as C By the time D As
1. … we were sitting in a traffic jam, our plane was taking off.
A As soon as B While C After D By the time
2. … I phoned Sara, she said she had been ill.
A While B Before C When D By the time
3. She fell asleep … she was reading her book.
A as soon as B before C by the time D while
4. … I turned on the TV, the programme ended.
A While B As soon as C By the time D Before
5. Mechanics had checked the cars … the race started.
A before B while C as D after
6. The police searched us … we arrived.
A when B by the time C while D before
7. I felt so relieved … I found my missing purse.
A while B before C by the time D after
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