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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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young sprinter so nervous that he put his shoes on the wrong feet. Yet it
turned out a kind of revelation for Bolt (12) who / which / whose vowed
to change his approach to his chosen sport.
By the age of fifteen he had already grown to 1.96 m and physically
stood out among his peers. Bolt was invited to move to Kingston, the
capital city to train with the Jamaican Athletics Association (13) what /
that / which he accepted.
The flow of medals continued, making him extremely popular on his
native island and (14) everywhere / somewhere / nowhere else. (15) A lot of /
Much / Many American universities offered Bolt athletic scholarships,
but he preferred to live and train at home. Unfortunately his popularity
and the attractions of the capital proved to be a burden for the young
sprinter. He would rather eat fast food, play basketball and party, than
train, relying on his natural ability to beat his opponents on the track. He
also suffered (16) few / a little / a few injuries and car accidents.
However, luck was on Bolt’s side. His new coach managed to boost
his desire to run faster and faster (17) which / what / that finally turned
the young athlete into a world record breaker. The 2008 Olympics in
Beijing became Bolt’s greatest triumph. He set new world and Olympic
records in (18) both / all / every 100 and 200 meter events and relay record with the Jamaican team. The outstanding sprinter ran so fast that
(19) neither / no / none of his opponents could believe their eyes. He
could have shown even a better time, had he not slowed down (20) little /
a little / some to celebrate before he finished.
Later Bolt said that setting a record was not a priority for him, and
his main goal was to win a gold medal for Jamaica. Being an outstanding athlete himself Bolt is also a great fan of (21) another / other / others
sports such as football and cricket. He loves dancing and his character is
often described as laid-back and relaxed.
Probably, (22) there / it / what is nothing surprising about it as he
has enough tempo and excitement on the track. His achievements have
earned him the media nickname “Lightning Bolt” and quite (23) few /
a few / a little titles including the World Athlete of the Year. (24) This /
These / Those days Usain Bolt is writing his autobiography yet he has
promised not to reveal (25) all / whole / every of his secrets. During
London Olympics Usain Bolt did what he had to do and became a living
legend!
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2.2. Complete the story with personal and possessive pro-
nouns.
THE MYSTERIOUS PHARAOH
(1)… has been famous ever since (2) … tomb was discovered in 1922.
However, little is known about (3) … for certain. (4) … began (5)… reign
with the name of Tutankhamen at the age of nine. Because of his youth,
it was probably chief minister Ay who ruled instead of (6) … . While still
a boy, (7) … married Ankhesenpaaten.
As a result of political changes, both names were later changed.
Tutankhamen’s death took place when (8) … was still a teenager. The
ancient Egyptians buried (9) … young pharaoh in a tomb full of beautiful
objects. In modern times these objects have been seen by thousands of
tourists and have made Tutankhamen famous. If you want to see (10) …
death mask and other amazing objects, you will have to visit the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
2.3. Complete the sentences with a refl exive pronoun.
ADVICE FOR CLIMBERS
If you are climbing alone, and have an accident, you have to try and
keep calm. You have to ask (1) … a number of questions. Have you hurt
(2) … in any way? Sometimes when we have injured (3) …, we don’t even
realize that this has happened. Some people may not realize they have
cut (4) … until they see the blood. It’s important to think carefully: “Can
I look after (5) … in this situation?” In some cases you may have to make
a difficult decision to save (6) … . In a famous case, climber Aron Ralston
trapped his arm, and was forced to cut it off in order to free (7) … . Very few
people think that they (8) … could do that kind of thing. But most of us
would have to consider doing it if we found (9) … in a similar situation.
Anyway, in the mountains nothing will happen by (10) …, so you should
be ready to fight for your life at nay moment!
2.4. Make the correct choice.
1. I’m really thirsty. Is there anything / nothing to drink?
2. I’ve tried two numbers so far but each / neither of them answered.
3. I told you that knife was really sharp. Now you have cut myself /
yourself.
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4. I read the books you recommended, but I didn’t like either / both
of them.
5. Do you know anywhere / it where I can get my bike repaired?
6. Press both buttons at once. Nothing either / else seems to work.
7. The lemon cakes are good, but I don’t like another / the other
ones.
8. Not those children again! Why can’t they behave ourselves /
themselves?
9. If we hadn’t helped each other / ourselves we couldn’t have fin-
ished it.
10. None / neither of the kids knew how to use the copier.
2.5. Complete this text by putting a suitable word into each gap.
BLUES MUSIC
Blues musicians developed their (1) … kind of music in the early
twentieth century in the Southern states of the US. (2) … were originally
people who lived in rural areas and (3) … songs were about (4) … lives
and experiences. They developed a kind of music that was completely
(5) … and totally unlike anything else. The early blues singers took songs
from each other. It didn’t matter (6) … song it was, they would perform
in (7) … own individual way. A legendary figure in the history of blues is
Robert Johnson. Many songs of (8) … were later played by lots of other
musicians and singers, and are still played now. Blues singers played an
important part in the history of popular music and people haven’t always
given (9) … the recognition (10) … deserve.
2.6. Complete this extract from a novel by putting a suitable
word into each gap.
PARTY INVITATIONS
Steve and Tim were chatting on the college steps. The conversation
began innocently enough. ‘Any plans for the weekend?’ Steve asked.
‘Yeah, I’m going to a party’, Tim replied cheerfully.
‘Oh yeah? (1) … party is it?’ asked Steve.
‘Elena’s. I don’t know why she invited (2) … . We don’t really know
(3) … other very well. Apparently, it’s to celebrate (4) … birthday. Anyway, I’ve told (5) … that I’ll go. Haven’t you been invited?’
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‘Yeah’, said Steve. ‘She sent (6) … an invitation. I got (7) … yesterday’.
‘Really?’ said Tim, ‘I got (8) … over two weeks ago. I wonder why
(9) … came so late’.
‘I suppose’, said Steve, ‘she only decided at the last moment. We
don’t really like (10) … another, you know’.
2.7. Make the correct choice.
A LETTER TO PARENTS
It’s been quite (1) some / any time since I’ve been in touch. Sorry
about that. There never seems to be (2) some / any time to do (3) some-
thing / anything these days – except work of course. Anyway, I’ve decided
to have (4) some / any time off in the next few weeks. I’m not promising
(5) something / anything definite but I’m hoping to get home for at least
a couple of days. But I’ll need (6) some / any money for the train fare
– I’ve got (7) any / hardly any left in the bank until my next check comes
through. Could you lend me (8) some / any? I’ll be able to get (9) some /
any work in a restaurant in the holidays, so I’ll pay you back then. Apart
from that, what I’d like to do more than (10) something / anything else
when I get home is just relax.
2.8. Choose the best option – A, B or C – to complete the sen-
tence.
1. The problem with this town, is that there is … to go in the evening,
2. Someone seems to have left … passport on the table.
3. I’m looking for … cheap to stay for a couple of nights.
4. According to you, … I do is wrong! I give up!
5. Before you go, there was … I wanted to talk to you about.
6. Here’s your chicken. I hope you enjoy it. Is there … that you
need?
7. … really understands me except you!
8. As far as I’m concerned, that is it! There is … more to say!
9. If … calls while I’m out ask them to leave a message.
10. You never follow my advice, so do … you please.
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AB C
1 nothing nowhere no-one
2 its her their
3 anywhere somewhere everywhere
4 something everything nothing
5 nothing everything something else
6 something else anything else nothing else
7 someone no-one anyone
8 nothing anything something
9 somebody no-one anyone
10 something everything anything
2.9. Choose the best option – A, B or C – to complete the
text.
ROBIN HOOD
Most of us are familiar with Robin Hood from Hollywood films. In
the popular story, Robin has two main enemies. Prince John and the
Sheriff of Nottingham, and (1) … try to capture and kill him. Robin
Hood’s men and the local villagers, who are usually described as poor
Saxons, help (2) … to defeat the Normans, who are the enemy. But did
(3) … called Robin Hood really exist?
As with most legendary figures, (4) … whether he really existed. (5)
… from the early legends that he was an outlaw in Yorkshire, not Nottinghamshire, and in those times the name was given to (6) … who was
an outlaw. In the earliest stories, he isn’t (7) … who steals from the rich
and gives to the poor. (8) … in his story to make him a hero: he is just a
robber, and (9) … sense of heroism attached to him.
(10) … we know from Hollywood films, Maid Marion, Friar Tuck,
Little John and so on, came into the story over the centuries. (11) … a
‘real’ Robin Hood, just a story that has been changing for nearly a thousand years. But (12) … whether he was a real person or not. He is (13) …
in the imagination of millions of people. However hard they tried to find
out, real evidence for Robin Hood’s existence was (14) … to be found.
Anyway, had he really lived, his exploits would have been a pale copy of
(15) … described in countless stories.
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AB C
1 either of them all of them both of them
2 one another themselves both
3 anyone no-one someone
4 there is not clear it is not clear it seems clear
5 There is Neither It seems
6 anyone nobody else someone important
7 anyone someone either
8 There is nothing There is something There is
9 there is not there is nothing there is no
10 Somebody else Everyone else Nobody else
11 It seems There isn’t it doesn’t matter
12 it doesn’t matter there is no point It’s a pity
13 nobody who lives anything that seems someone who exists
14 nowhere somewhere anywhere
15 that those them
2.10. Complete the text with one suitable word in each space.
ODYSSEUS AND POLYPHEMUS THE CYCLOPS
One of the adventures of Odysseus is the story of Polyphemus the
Cyclops, a one-eyed giant. Odysseus arrived at an island with (1) … men,
and took some of them to the cave where Polyphemus lived. There wasn’t
(2) … else in the cave, only some sheep and goats. When the Cyclops arrived, he shut (3) … in his cave by rolling huge rock over the entrance and
then killed some of the men.
(4) … else could move the rock, so Odysseus knew that it would
be foolish to kill the Cyclops. He had to think of (5) … else to do. He
waited until the evening and made the Cyclops drunk. When the giant
was asleep, Odysseus and his men pushed a huge piece of wood into his
eye, so that he became blind. The Cyclops shouted with pain, and some
(6) … giants heard and asked him who had injured (7) … .
He told them Odysseus’s name, and so they laughed, and supposed that he had just hurt (8) … . Odysseus and his men escaped by
hiding (9) … under the sheep as they left the cave in the morning. Polyphemus couldn’t see or feel (10) …. The giant threw huge rocks at the
Greeks’ ship, but they managed to escape from the island.
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2.11. Make the correct choice.
CRAZY INJURIES
(1) Many / Much famous sportspeople get injured for unexpected
reasons. For example, the English footballer Rio Ferdinand managed to
injure himself by watching TV for (2) a number of / a great deal of hours
with his leg on a coffee table. And after the cricketer Chris Lewis shaved
his head he spent too (3) many / much time in the sun and got sunstroke.
But the worst accident occurred in 1913 when the racing driver Camille
Jenatzy took (4) several / a small amount of friends hunting for boars.
They didn’t see (5) no / any boars, so the group went back to the house
and had (6) lots / too many to eat and drink. Jenatzy was convinced they
would soon have (7) many / much better luck and offered (8) much / a lot
of money as a bet that they would be shooting soon. After everyone had
gone to bed, he crept outside, walked (9) few / a few meters away from
the house and made (10) a few / a little sounds like a wild boar to wake
up his friends. Unfortunately, his friends opened the window and shot
him by mistake.
2.12. Make the correct choice.
1. It’s usually children from deprived backgrounds that / which
cause the worst problems.
2. Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, the famous book that / which topped
the best-seller lists for weeks on end, was never formally publicized.
3. The Council provides bins in that / which waste paper can be
deposited for recycling.
4. All cows over thirty months who / which may have been exposed
to BSE will be destroyed.
5. Address the reference ‘to who / whom it may concern’, as it’s
very formal.
6. The town hall clock played a different tune at twelve every day,
which / what amused the locals and attracted tourists.
7. There’s a lucky person in this hall who / whose lottery ticket has
just won them $ 2,000!
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8. Why don’t you tell the police which / what you told me yester-
day?
9. The film is set in the period where / when the divide between rich
and poor was much greater than it is now.
10. You can put the photo whichever / wherever you think it looks
best.
2.13. Complete the text with MOST OF, ALL OF and NONE OF.
TOO MUCH TRAFFIC
However hard they try to solve the problem, (1) … the world’s large
cities suffer from traffic problems. (2) … them were not planned to cope
with so many vehicles, so the streets are narrow, and there is not enough
space for parking. A number of different solutions to this problem have
been suggested, but (3) … them has been completely successful. For example, many cities try to discourage the use of private cars in the centre,
but even so it is impossible to keep (4) … the traffic away.
As (5) … the larger shops, offices, hotels, railway stations are in the
centre of the city, there will always be a need for buses and taxis and some
private cars. An obvious answer is to move (6) … the hotels, offices and
large stations out of the city centre. It would be impossible to move (7)
… them, but it would still make the situation better. The new areas would
have plenty of parking and public transport, so they would have (8) … the
problems of the old city centre.
Besides (9) … of the public transport passengers should go underground. That’s possible with the metro network development. It doesn’t
mean that (10) … the people will be left in the streets and squares, of
course.
2.14. Complete the story using the correct choices.
ROAD S
Ever since the invention of the wheel there has been a need for roads.
In Britain, there were (1) no / any / none proper roads at all until the
Romans built some 2,000 years ago. (2) Lot / Many / Much of Britain’s
roads developed naturally from footpaths. (3) Most / Most of / The most
travel in the middle ages was only local and (4) all / all them / them all
roads at that time were links between neighboring towns and villages,
rather than planned routes across the country.
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There was (5) few / little /some progress until (6) lots / many / several
of ‘turnpike roads’ were built in the XVIII century. Britain’s modern
road programme started in the 1950s – it didn’t have (7) any / no / none
motorways until then. The idea was to build a network of efficient motorways to connect the major cities. (8) A few / little / several of these
motorways were built but lack of money and local opposition meant only
about half a satisfactory system was developed.
Today, there is disagreement about whether it is a good idea to build
(9) any more / few more / no more roads. Yet the emergence of new sights
and relaxing spots will probably make (10) some / no / any more highways appear whether we want it or not.
2.15. Complete the text with ANY , NO or SOME.
WORK OR STUDY
Did you know that (1) … thirty percent of students have to leave
university, not because they can’t cope with their studies, but because
they simply can’t afford it? In one survey, researchers found that students cited (2) ‘… money’ more often than (3) … other reason such as
‘courses too difficult’ for ending their studies. During interviews with the
researchers, (4) … of these former students said that they had tried to do
part-time jobs after classes, but they had discovered that they didn’t have
(5) … time or they had (6) … energy left for study when they finished
their jobs at night. When the researchers asked these students if they had
received financial support from their parents, (7) … said they had, but
the majority said they hadn’t received (8) … . Most of those interviewed
said they had (9) … plans to return to university (10) … time soon.
2.16. Choose the correct option – A, B or C – to complete the
text.
TV OR BOOKS
Nowadays (1) … us spend a lot of time watching DVDs or going to
the cinema, but so far there is (2) … sign that we have stopped reading
books. It sometimes seems that (3) … child in the world has read a Harry
Potter book, and (4) … people on the beach, and not only older people,
seem to be reading something. Obviously it is possible to enjoy (5) …
books and films, but books do seem to have a number of advantages.
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With new DVDs costing around $30 (6) … it is clearly cheaper to
read, and (7) … you need to enjoy a book is a comfortable chair, after all.
Films show you all the action in color, but for many people (8) … of the
special effects in a film is as good as the pictures in their own imagination. And the (9) … experience of reading a good book can be a lot more
rewarding. Of course, films can be great too, but in the end, (10) … of us
has to decide how we would rather spend our time.
AB C
1 every most of all
2 no none neither
3 whole every all
4 most of all most
5 both neither every
6 every all each
7 Either All None
8 all none every
9 whole most both
10 none all each
2.17. Make the correct choice.
MANY COUNTRIES, MANY SCHOOLS
It’s difficult to describe a typical school system, as (1) all / each /
every countries are different, In some countries, (2) all / each / every
school chooses its own curriculum, or programme of study. In others,
the government decides (3) all / each / every detail of the educational
programme. Class sizes vary as well, and in some places there are more
than 40 pupils in (4) all / each / every class. In other places, classes are
small, and the teacher has more time to spend with (5) all / each / every
individual pupil. In some countries the government provides (6) all / each /
every textbooks completely free of charge. In other countries, however, (7) all / each / every schoolbook for the different subjects has to be
bought from the school, or from a bookshop.
In some school systems (8) all / each / every pupils eat their midday meal at school. In other places, however, (9) all / each / every pupil
makes his or her own arrangements, some going home and returning,
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