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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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Ю. В. Маслов, М. Е. Маслова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК:
ГРАММАТИКА СО ЗВЁЗДАМИ
English Grammar with the Stars
ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ
К ЦЕНТРАЛИЗОВАННОМУ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЮ
И УСТНОМУ ЭКЗАМЕНУ
Минск
«ТетраСистемс»
УДК 811.111’36(075.3/.4)
ББК 81.2Англ-922
М31
Авторы:
кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой
иностранных языков Военной академии Республики Беларусь
Ю. В. Маслов;
старший преподаватель кафедры профессиональной иноязычной
подготовки Барановичского государственного университета
М. Е. Маслова
Рецензент
кандидат филологических наук, доцент, проректор по научной
работе Барановичского государственного университета А. В. Никишова
Маслов, Ю. В.
М31
Английский язык: грамматика со звёздами = English
Grammar with the Stars : пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену / Ю. В. Маслов,
М. Е. Маслова. – Минск : ТетраСистемс, 2013. – 384 с.
ISBN 978-985-536-398-8.
Пособие позволяет эффективно осуществить комплексную тренировку всех грамматических явлений английского языка. В нем использованы
виды заданий, необходимые для уверенного прохождения централизованного тестирования. Оригинальный текстовый материал может быть
использован для подготовки к устному экзамену по английскому языку
за курс средней школы.
Предназначено для абитуриентов, а также учащихся старших классов общеобразовательных школ, гимназий и лицеев.
УДК 811.111’36(075.3/.4)
ББК 81.2Англ-922
ISBN 978-985-536-389-8 © Маслов Ю. В., Маслова М. Е., 2013
© Оформление. НТООО «ТетраСистемс», 2013
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Данное пособие предназначено для интенсивной подготовки
абитуриентов и учащихся выпускных классов общеобразовательных школ к централизованному тестированию по английскому
языку. Основная задача нового тренажера – обеспечить возможность тренировки преимущественно грамматических навыков на
материале основных разделов грамматики английского языка.
В пособие включены девять разделов, что позволяет осуществить повторение всех важнейших грамматических явлений,
знание которых необходимо для успешного прохождения тестирования. При этом предусмотрена возможность комплексного
развития умений изучающего чтения, поскольку большинство
заданий представляют собой цельные, связные тексты, интересные по содержанию. В первую очередь, это касается серии из
30 оригинальных грамматических заданий, помещенных в разных
разделах данного пособия.
Подобные задания впервые системно используются в практике подготовки к тестированию. Они представляют собой биографические очерки, методически адаптированные авторами пособия для задач подготовки к тестированию. В этих текстах даются
портреты знаменитых представителей самого молодого (15-25 лет)
поколения современного поликультурного и многополярного
мира – актеров, путешественников, певцов и музыкантов, спортсменов, представителей делового мира, т.е. всех тех, чьи достижения хорошо известны современному белорусскому школьнику.
Эти задания, по мнению авторов, составляют “изюминку” данной
книги, поскольку несут не только обучающую и развивающую, но
и большую образовательную и воспитательную нагрузку.
С практической точки зрения, указанные задания, с одной
стороны, служат целям ориентировки в грамматическом материале, а с другой – дают возможность осуществить своего рода
промежуточный контроль уровня сформированности навыков
выполнения заданий.
3
Все типы заданий традиционны для процедуры тестирования, поэтому интенсивная практика в их выполнении не может
не способствовать как приращению уровня грамматической компетентности, так и росту уровня общей готовности к выполнению
грамматической части теста. Этому способствует наличие теста
учебных достижений в конце каждого раздела.
Материал пособия может быть использован как в самостоятельной работе, так и непосредственно на уроках английского
языка в старших классах общеобразовательной школы.
Авторы выражают надежду на то, что работа с материалом поможет абитуриентам и старшеклассникам не только существенно
повысить уровень готовности к централизованному тестированию, но и станет источником новых целей и задач в личном самосовершенствовании и желании многого достичь в своей жизни.
Успехов!
4
PART ONE NOUNS
ORIENTATION: DANIEL RADCLIFFE
1.1. Read the biography of a very famous actor and fi ll in the
correct variant.
AN ACHIEVER WORTH MILLIONS
Daniel Jacob Radcliffe was born in
July 1989 in West London. It was at the
age of five that he said he would like to be
an actor. At ten, he made his acting debut
in the BBC televised (1) two-part / two-
parts adaptation of David Copperfield.
After the release of the first (2) Harry
Potter / Harry Potter’s movie, it became
hard to attend (3) studies / school. Some
(4) student / students turned hostile. The
actor said it was just trying to have a crack
at the famous kid rather than jealousy.
Anyway, Radcliffe continued his educa-
tion through tutors. The actor admitted he was not very good at (5)
school / class.
However, he did achieve A grades in the three (6) A-level / A-levels
but then decided not to go to college or university. He already knew he
wanted to act and write. Another reason was it would be difficult to have
a normal college experience. “The paparazzi, they’d love it,” he said. “If
there was any (7) party / parties going on, they’d be there, and it would
be all of that stuff”.
The first Harry Potter film was released in 2001. Radcliffe got a (8)
seven-figure / seven-figure’s salary for the lead role, and his parents chose
to invest the (9) money / finances for him. The film broke records for
opening day (10) sale / sales and opening weekend (11) taking / takings.
With almost a billion dollars in ticket sales, the film stands as the most
commercially successful in the (12) series / serieses.
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Then more films followed. You have seen them all, of course, haven’t
you? The final film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released
worldwide in Australia in July 2011. Radcliffe said not once that some
(13) public / people would never be able to separate him from the (14)
character / hero but also stated he is proud to be associated with the book
personage forever.
Radcliffe is a (15) fan / amateur of underground and punk rock music, and is a keen follower of cricket. Writing short stories and poetry is
also a passion. He has supported various (16) charity / charities. Some
of his (17) royalty / royalties went directly to (18) childrens’ / children’s
hospices.
He is a very rich young man now. He has earned (19) million / mil-
lions for the Potter movies. In 2010, the actor was reported to have personal (20) asset / assets of 28.5 million pounds. That makes him richer
than Princes William and Harry. What is his main expense then? Well,
you will never believe that. It’s buying books. Daniel Radcliffe reads a
lot. And it’s a good model to follow, by the way.
1.2. Fill in the table.
Singular Plural (ending in –ves) Plural (ending in –fs)
1. wife
2. knife
3. life
4. roof
5. leaf
6. proof
7. wolf
8. safe
9. grief
10. half
11. thief
12. calf
13. shelf
14. gulf
15. cliff
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1.3. Choose the right variant (singular or plural).
AN IDEAL PLACE FOR KIDS
The Oakland Farm is a paradise for (1) child / children who love
animals. In fact, there are so many (2) specie / species living on the (3)
premise / premises that it’s impossible to stay in one place for long. One
is anxious to see everything for domestic (4) animal / animals of all (5)
kind / kinds are always there, friendly and cool. When our (6) class /
classes were there, we had a (7) serie / series of pleasant moments feed-
ing (8) sheep / sheeps and (9) deer / deers, as well as watching a couple of
(10) cow / cows and (11) ox / oxen and other (12) cattle / cattles. Those
animals did have huge (13) hoofs / hooves! Our visit was meant to be a
(14) mean / means of helping us to understand how nature lives. When
the visit was over we said our (15) thank / thanks and went home. It’s a
pity we couldn’t stay longer.
1.4. Choose the right variant (singular, plural or possessive).
A SHOP NOT TO BE MISSED
It was quite a (1) curiosity / curiosities / curiosity’s shop. I have never
been to a place so fascinating. I mean one could find there all kinds of
(2) stuff / stuffs / stuff’s including (3) grandfather / grandfathers / grand-
father’s clocks, vintage (4) photo / photos / photoes and strange-looking
(5) box / boxes / box’s on the (6) shelfs / shelves / shelf’s. In the corner I
saw, quite unexpectedly, quite a brand-new table to play (7) billiard / bil-
liards / billiard’s. There also was a set of delicate ivory (8) chess / chesses
/ chess’s figures. Models of military (9) craft / crafts / crafts’ were hanging
everywhere. To be honest, the entire (10) surrounding / surroundings /
surrounding’s did look strange indeed.
1.5. Fill in the table.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
a watch a glass
means criteria
a mouse a craft
works passers-by
a fi sh a species
headquarters hypotheses
a cliff a forget-me-not
countries whereabouts
a tomato a paper
series theses
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1.6. Choose the right variant.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING MILITARY-MINDED
Many of the future (1) commanders-in-chief / commander-in-chiefs
were fond of military (2) game / games in their childhood. They dreamed
about the (3) heros / heroes of the old days, and wanted to learn more
about the (4) histories / historys of their (5) lives / lifes. To them, those
were the (6) men of glory / men of glories! That is why from their early
years would-be generals had courage, they had (7) beliefs / believes and
they would rather live in the (8) barracks / barrack than stay at the (9)
headquarters / headquarter far away from real battle. Small wonder their
(10) troop / troops loved them and were ready for anything.
1.7. Choose the right variant (countable or uncountable).
ONE OF THE SECRETS OF GOOD COOKING
In today’s cookery program I’d like to address a request for (1) an
information / information about which type of (2) chocolate / chocolates
to use in cooking. Well, my (3) advice is / advices are always to use the
best possible chocolate you can find. It’s the same principle as with (4)
wines / wine: in cooking always use (5) an equivalent quality / equivalent
quality to what you eat or drink. With chocolate, the reason for this is
that higher quality chocolate will always give your cakes (6) better / a better taste. To judge the quality of chocolate, look at the amount of cocoa
in the chocolate. Good quality chocolate has more cocoa solids and (7)
less sugar / fewer sugars. For the best taste choose chocolate with a high
cocoa (8) contents / content – never (9) fewer than / less than 70 per cent
cocoa solids. It goes without saying that you should also use other (10)
ingredient / ingredients of the highest quality, too. If, for example, you’re
using coffee in your chocolate recipe, always use (11) a strong coffee /
strong coffee. If you’re making (12) a cake / cake, use the right kind of
(13) flours / flour, and always weigh the ingredients on your kitchen (14)
scale / scales. Believe me, if you follow these simple rules, the next time
you bake a chocolate cake, there won’t be (15) a slice / slice left over!
8
1.8. Use English equivalents to complete the text below.
ON MATHEMATICS
(1) Математика is the study of quantity, structure, (2)
пространство and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and for-
mulate new conjectures. They resolve (3) теории by mathematical (4)
доказательства. It is known that mathematical (5) анализ required to
solve mathematical problems can take years or even (6) столетия of
inquiry. The practical (7) основы of mathematics were in counting, (8)
вычисление, measurement and the study of physical objects. This science originated (9) тысячелетия ago.
First mathematical (10) гипотезы appeared in Classical Greece.
Mathematical (11) формулы appeared as a (12) способ of expressing information symbolically. A lot of mathematical (13) данные were also obtained in China in 300 BC, in India in AD 100 and in the Moslem world
in AD 800. During the Renaissance a new age of mathematical discovery
began. Since the pioneering work on axiomatic systems, it has become
customary to view mathematical (14) исследования as establishing truth
by deduction from appropriately chosen axioms. When mathematical
structures are good models of real (15) феномены then mathematical
reasoning provides correct predictions.
1.9. Choose the right variant (singular / plural / countable / un-
countable).
A SOLID PROOF
Was Columbus really the first explorer to discover (1) the Americas /
America? Thor Heyerdahl didn’t think so. He believed that ancient (2)
people / peoples were able to build boats that could cross oceans. To test
his ideas, he decided to build a copy of the reed boats that were pictured
in ancient (3) paintings / painting and sail across the Atlantic from North
Africa to Barbados. Heyerdahl’s team also copied ancient Middle Eastern pots and filled them with (4) food / foods for their journey – dried
(5) fish / fishes, honey, oil, eggs, nuts and fresh (6) fruit / fruits. The
expedition’s boat Ra carried an international (7) crew / crews including
a Norwegian, an Egyptian, an Italian, a Mexican and a Chadian. The
first trip failed but everyone survived and wanted to try again. Departing
on 17 May 1970, under the flag of the United Nations, Ra II crossed (8)
9
the Atlantic / the Atlantics in 57 days. The expedition proved that ancient
(9) civilizations / civilization had the skill to reach (10) the Americas /
Americas long before Columbus.
1.10. Choose the right variant (singular / plural).
THE MIRACLE OF OPRAH WINFREY
Oprah Winfrey is one of the most amazing (1) persons / people of
today. By the (2) time / times she was twelve, she had already decided
on a career. Not long afterwards, she got (3) a job / work on the radio.
Although she hadn’t had any (4) experience / experiences, she became a
news reporter. She possessed a talent for finding (5) a / – most interesting news. When she got her own TV chat show, she had already acted in
a major Hollywood film. By the late 1980s, Oprah Winfrey had become
a (6) household / households word. Then she decided to improve the (7)
quality / qualities of chat show themes. She also made (8) a / – personal
change. She had always had a weight problem but in 1995, TV viewers
saw a new Winfrey. She had lost almost 40 kilos as a result of dieting and
working out. She had also competed in a marathon. She really is (9) an / – inspiration to many (10) people / peoples.
1.11. Use English equivalents to complete the text below.
THE WORLD TREASURES
The world’s natural and cultural (1) наследие is disappearing
fast but UNESCO, a United Nations organization, is working hard
to preserve it. UNESCO has created a list of 730 places whose (2)
местонахождение are scattered all around the world. The sights on this
list should be actively protected by all (3) правительства regardless of
their (4) политика. Cultural sights on this list include the Taj Mahal, the
best-known building in India, the Pyramids of Egypt with their amazing
(5) богатства and the Statue of Liberty, an extremely impressive gift
from the (6) народ of France to the United States. The list also includes
natural (7) заповедники such as the Galapagos Islands, a place with astonishing natural (8) содержимое, which is in (9) опасность of being
destroyed by tourists. UNESCO works well and without it the future of
many fascinating sights would look bleak, so it is worrying that for political reasons some countries have withdrawn from full membership. Saving these places is a question of (10) этика.
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