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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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9. … I handed in my paper, I realized how many mistakes I had
made.
A before B while C as D after
10. … was talking on the phone, my bath ran over.
A before B while C as D after
5.8. Chose the conjunction to fi t the space.
AFTER AS BECAUSE WHEN (2)
GETTING LEGAL ADVICE
In Britain, (1) … you need legal advice, you go to see a solicitor. So-
licitors spend most of their time in their offices (2) … their work mostly
involves preparing legal documents, especially those involved in buying
a house. They can, (3) … necessary, go to court with you, but, (4) …taking down details of a serious legal matter, they will often contact a barrister to represent you in court. (5) … you may have seen in films or on
TV, barristers wear white curly wigs and black robes in court.
5.9. Choose one word or phrase from each pair to complete the
text.
ALTHOUGH / AND SO AS EASY AS / SO EASY AS IF / IF
JUST / JUST AS AS MUCH / AS MUCH AS THOUGH / WHEREAS
AS / EVEN DESPITE SO THAT / DESPITE THE FACT
SOCIAL DISTINCTION TODAY
(1) … a lot has been written and said about class differences in Brit-
ish society, they no longer mean (2) ... they used to. Traditionally, the
upper classes were wealthy and powerful (3) ... the lower or working
classes were poor. Nowadays, some of the upper classes may still seem to
behave and speak (4) ... their social status continues to be (5) ... it was for
their aristocratic ancestors, but it is no longer based on exclusive wealth
and power.
161
Maintaining large houses with lots of servants is not (6) ... it used
to be and, strange (7) ... it may seem, the new owners of those large
houses may speak with distinctly working-class or even foreign accents.
(8) ... that their parents may have been middle or working class, many of
today’s wealthy Britons achieved success based on education and enterprise, not birth and inheritance.
5.10. Read this story and decide which word or phrase
(A, B, C or D) fi ts into each gap.
THE US BY GREYHOUND BUS
We traveled around America on Greyhound buses. It was a relatively
cheap way to travel and (1) …, it meant that we could see more of the
country. (2) … to the fact that we saw a lot of places, we met a lot of
interesting people during the journeys. From them, we heard a lot of
interesting stories and (3) … we learnt a lot about the different states.
(4) …, we saw a lot of places we would never have seen if we’d traveled
by plane. The buses were comfortable and punctual. (5) …, they stopped
regularly so that everyone could have a cup of coffee and a break. (6) …
that, we saved money on hotels by taking night buses and sleeping on the
bus. So, (7) … of saving money, we had a great time. I’d certainly do it
again and, (8) …, I’d recommend it to anyone.
ABCD
1 apart on top of besides in addition to
2 As well In addition Apart On top
3 too as well also apart
4 Furthermore Apart Too As well
5 Also Too As well Apart
6 In addition to Moreover Apart Furthermore
7 moreover as well on top besides
8 too moreover apart not only
162
5.11. Read this story and decide which word or phrase
(A, B, C or D) fi ts into each gap.
ESCAPE THE CROWDS!
Don’t go to the crowded tourist spots, just come to our region (1)…!
Nowhere (2) … in the country can offer you such comforts in such tranquil surroundings. (3) … stand in endless queues with other holidaymakers, you can take it easy all the time and do everything you could possibly
want to. We have sun, sea, sand entertainment and everything (4) … you
could want. So, (5) … following the crowds, come to us. But hurry up.
(6) …, you might be too late. People are already beginning to discover
us, so book now (7) … else you might find that our small selection of
exclusive hotels and apartments are full up. For current prices, contact
us by phone (8) … e-mail us.
ABCD
1 otherwise instead rather else
2 instead rather else otherwise
3 Rather than Otherwise Instead of Or else
4 whether else otherwise either
5 or else instead rather instead of
6 Else Otherwise Instead Rather than
7 or instead either otherwise
8 either else or instead
5.12. Complete the extract with the given conjunctions some-
times more than one variant is possible.
AS A RESULT BECAUSE OF CONSEQUENTLY
SO THAT THEREFORE DUE TO THANKS TO
ON CRIME AND ITS REASONS
There are many reasons for crime. Social scientists suggest that
criminal behavior is (1) … social issues like unemployment, poor housing and lack of education. (2) …, they suggest that we can only fight
crime by turning our attention to such issues and (3) … help to improve
society in general.
163
Others believe that people should take responsibility for their actions and that crime cannot be excused (4) … poverty or lack of education. Such people argue that strong measures should be taken against the
smallest of offences, (5) … the offenders do not move on from petty to
more serious crime.
One thing that all people agree on is that the fear of crime has a
detrimental effect on society and (6) … communities should be helped
to understand the real threat of crime in their area. The old saying “Prevention is better than cure” is still valid, with a lot of local authorities
setting up Crime Prevention Programmes for schools, businesses and
homeowners. In many cases, these help to reduce fear and also the incidence of crime, (7) … the clear information and practical suggestions
they provide.
5.13. Complete the information choosing one correct alternative.
THE UNIVERSITY ENTERTAINMENTS COMMITTEE
The University Entertainments Committee meeting was held (1)
owing / because of / on account recent financial losses. The Events Officer reported on the last two events. He said that students had been very
busy (2) due to / in view / therefore the exams, and (3) then / since / so
ticket sales had been poor. The Finances Officer blamed the losses on
the high charges made by the performers at those events. (4) Since / On
account of / As a result these charges, he said, the events would have lost
money even if every ticket had been sold. One suggestion was to increase
ticket prices in future but it was felt that, (5) so / therefore / as many
students have little money, this would not lead to an improvement in the
financial situation. After discussion it was agreed that (6) because / so /
in view of the seriousness of the situation and (7) besides / since / owing
to there was a real danger of the university authorities closing down the
Entertainments Committee, the next two events would have to be cancelled immediately. This would mean that the performers in question
would have to be contacted strait away, (8) owing to / since / therefore the
fact that contracts had already been signed with them.
164
5.14. Out of 10 conjunctions, 5 have been used incorrectly . Spot
the mistakes.
THE WRONG WORD
For the first time in my life I was alone in a foreign country. (1) However, I wasn’t worried. (2) Despite I couldn’t speak the language very well
I could make myself understood fairly well. So I decided to be confident,
and (3) otherwise the things I said probably weren’t totally correct, it
didn’t matter. (4) Even though, there were some difficult moments and
this was one of them.
I walked into a cafe, wanting to buy a pineapple juice. (5) Though I
wasn’t completely sure of the word for “pineapple”, I thought I could
remember it. I asked for my drink. The waiter simply looked at me. (6)
Despite that, I tried again, this time saying the same word in a slightly
different accent.
Later I found out what a stupid mistake I had made. (7) In spite of
the word I used was similar to the word for “pineapple”, it had a totally
different meaning. (8) However this, the waiter wrote down my order
and went away as normal, (9) although I thought I could see him smiling
when he left. It didn’t matter, (10) though, because he returned with the
right drink. I was lucky enough. I found out later that the word I’d used
meant “paint”.
5.15. Read this extract from a brochure and fi ll each gap with
one suitable word.
THE DIAMOND HOME ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM
As (1) … as the finest in picture quality, this system gives you the
finest sound quality. In (2) …, it couldn’t be easier to operate. Follow
the simple instructions and you’ll have a wonderful sound system and a
home cinema (3) … well. (4) … being able to watch satellite TV channels
from all over the world, you’ll be able to watch sports events on TV in a
variety of exciting ways. For example, at the press of a button you can
follow a particular player. You can edit your own videos. (5) … to the new
system, you can become not just a film-watcher but a film-maker!
165
5.16. Fill in each space in these sentences with a suitable link
word or phrase. More than one answer may be possible.
1. Mother’s upset and it’s all … to your behavior.
2. Prices have risen … of an increase in demand.
3. The train has been cancelled … to circumstances beyond our
control.
4. … understand how the human body works, you need some
knowledge of chemistry.
5. … there was no food in the house we rang for a pizza.
6. The vase was put on top of the cupboard … it would not get
broken.
7. I was scared when I walked home … the street was so dark.
8. … milk is so good for you, why don’t you drink more of it?
9. I didn’t go… I didn’t want to leave you alone.
10. She started to use e-mail … that she could send messages more
quickly.
5.17. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some
of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be
there. Spot the mistake.
1. ______ I am writing in order to apologize for my behavior.
2. ______ I wanted to avoid getting to there too early and
3. ______ causing you any inconvenience. As for everyone else
4. ______ had decided to arrive on time, I was the last to arrive, which
5. ______ must have been looked rather impolite but it was all
6. ______ because of being good intentions. I thought the party was going
7. ______ to be informal so as I wore jeans. As a result, I must have looked
8. ______ rather too odd. I would also like to explain why I hardly ate any
9. ______ food all evening. As of I’m a vegetarian, I was unable
10. _____ to enjoy the delicious food you and your wife had prepared.
11. _____ Since that it has been years since I ate meat, I do hope you will
12. _____ appreciate my feelings on this. Moreover, I do regret asking
13. _____ you to put the cat out. It was due to that my allergy to cats.
14. _____ I sincerely hope it didn’t catch cold as a result of she being
15. _____ outside on such a chilly evening. Finally, owing that to
166
16. _____ carelessness on my part, wine was spilt all over your carpet.
17. _____ I will do all I can in order for to get it cleaned, whatever
18. _____ the cost of the operation. Moreover that, I’d love to
19. _____ pay a visit one more another time. I am certain this time
20. _____ nothing is going to spoil the pleasure of your company.
5.18. Complete each gap with a conjunction or preposition from
the box below.
BUT DESPITE DESPITE EVEN THOUGH HOWEVER HOW-
EVER NEVERTHELESS ON THE CONTRARY THOUGH WHEREAS
WHILE YET ALTHOUGH FURTHERMORE SO
THE ELGIN MARBLES
The Elgin Marbles are statues which date back to the 5th century BC. (1)… they were created in Greece and were located there until
the late 18th century, they are now exhibited in the British Museum,
London. The statues used to be in Athens (2) ... they were bought in
1799 by the Englishman Lord Elgin, who wanted to bring them back to
Britain as part of his personal art collection.
(3) ..., on the sea voyage back to England, the ship carrying them was
sunk and the Marbles were temporarily lost. It would be an incredibly
expensive operation to recover them. (4) ..., Elgin did so, and (5) ... he
was a very rich man, he placed himself in enormous debt. (6) ... his own
desires, he had to sell the Marbles to the British Government to recover
his losses and they were housed in the British Museum, where they have
remained ever since.
In recent times, (7) ..., the statues have become the subject of debate
between Britain and Greece and, indeed, among British historians and
archaeologists. (8) ... the Greek authorities have requested the return
of the Marbles on many occasions the request has always been refused.
There are arguments on both sides.
Some people believe that it would be foolish to return them, valid (9)
... the Greek request may be, because of the pollution that is affecting
the Parthenon and the possibility of earthquakes in Greece. Restored to
the Parthenon, the Marbles could be exposed to damage, (10) ... they are
safe in the British Museum.
167
Of course, there are equally compelling arguments for their return,
especially on the moral level. It cannot be denied, (11)... the material
safety the statues enjoy in Britain, that they are part of the Greek heritage.
Many people also refute the argument that Athens would not be a safe
place for them. (12) ..., they claim that if the statues were returned to
Greece, a new state-of-the-art building would be constructed to house
them, where they would be both safe and in their rightful environment.
(13)…, the British authorities have long used the argument that
works of art should not be subject to ownership, but should be kept where
they are accessible to most people. (14) ... in the past they have returned
a number of cultural artefacts from other civilizations to their origins.
(15) …, the argument continues still, and it is likely to be around for
quite some time in the future.
5.19. Spot the mistakes (nouns, verbs, verbals, pronouns, con-
junctions).
1. Although (1) I tried several times (2) but (3) I couldn’t contact
him (4).
2. Being (1) a (2) remarkable actress she has many and (3) keen
admirers (4).
3. She detested him more than (1) always (2) when she discovered
(3) his deceitfulness (4).
4. Whenever (1) he smiles at (2) me I can’t avoid (3) laughing (4).
5. After a (1) brief (2) introduction he went on (3) giving (4) a
speech.
6. The employee (1) was dismissed (2) for denying (3) to work
overtime (4).
7. He was rushed (1) to hospital (2) because (3) he had it difficult
to breathe (4).
8. Everybody have (1) the (2) right to (3) freedom of choice (4).
9. He is ardent (1) in (2) his admiration of (3) all kinds (4) of
sport.
10. I hope I remember (1) going (2) to (3) the dentist’s (4) tomorrow.
11. Many people suffer from (1) mid-life crisis (2) at (3) some stage
during the middle ages (4).
168
12. She was overjoyed (1) if (2) he asked her (3) to marry him (4).
13. He disguised himself (1) so that (2) nobody wouldn’t (3) recognize him (4).
14. A (1) large number (2) was present (3) at the demonstration (4).
15. The old pair (1) have been (2) happily (3) married for (4) fifty
years.
5.20. Fill in the blanks by choosing from the given list of con-
junctions. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
ON THE ONE HAND, HARDLY…WHEN … , AND, WHILE, ALTHOUGH,
BUT, THUS, NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO … , UNTIL, AS, EVEN THOUGH,
IN ADDITION, WHICH, HOWEVER, THEREFORE, ON THE OTHER HAND,
BOTH … AND … , SO FAR, AS WELL AS, YET.
SERGEY KARYAKIN: A NEW CHESS HOPE FOR RUSSIA
(1) … there are dozens of young promising
chess players, the 21-year-old Sergey Karyakin
definitely stands out. (2) … is he Russia’s second
best chess player … the fifth in the world. (3) …
the young chess master holds the record of becoming (4) … the youngest International Master … grandmaster in history at the age of twelve.
(5) … many people tend to call him a prodigy
and look upon him as the future of chess.
Sergey started playing chess at five and attracted attention by winning some major tournaments when still in his early teens. At four-
teen the boy defeated the reign … creating a sensation.
He was also the only human to win against a computer in the Man
vs Machine World Team Championship, (7) … he was the youngest and
the lowest rated player.
(8) … had he turned eighteen … the youngster entered the world’s
top 100 (9) … made him a member of the chess elite. (10) …it’s far from
enough for him (11) … Sergey has been dreaming to become the world
chess champion since the age of twelve. He wants it for himself (12) …
for his country, but which one?
169
Born in Ukraine, the young master has recently accepted Russian
citizenship, (13) … continues to play for the Ukrainian team. Chess is
a fascinating game, (14) … there are other things in life. (15) … Sergey
was home-tutored and had an individual schedule at school he will have
to attend a university to get a higher education. He has already received
some offers but hasn’t made up his mind. Chess definitely stands first on
the list for Sergey, (16) … .
(17) … he will try his best to become number one in the world,
(18) … he will play (19) … the game continues to mesmerize him. When
he was six he told his mother he couldn’t live without chess (20) … he has
managed to retain this feeling. He never stops studying: by playing with a
trainer or a computer, reading chess books and analyzing great matches
of the past. He never misses a chance to communicate with other players. He has great ambitions – let’s wish him luck.
ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON CONJUNCTIONS
Part A. Use the words in the list to complete the gaps. You will
need to use some words / phrases more than once.
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF NEVERTHELESS WHEREAS
ALTHOUGH BUT YET EVEN THOUGH
SHOP TILL YOU DROP!
(1) … the fact that Kelly had lots of homework to do, she agreed to
go shopping with her friend Justine. Justine loved to buy wild clubbing
clothes, (2) … Kelly was more of a jeans and T-shirt kind of girl. (3) …
the rain, they set off on Saturday morning for the town centre. Justine,
as always, had far more cash than Kelly. (4) …, Kelly had an eye for a
bargain. Lunch time found them happy and hungry at the local burger
bar (5) … they’d spent nearly all their money, there were still a few shops
that Justine wanted to visit (6) … she’d promised to be frugal, and (7)…
having aching feet, they managed a couple more hours’ shopping. (8) …
in the end, Kelly did buy something she had been dreaming of buying for
quite some time (9) … her friend returned empty-handed. Well, (10) …
who said it was going to be a holiday time, eh?
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