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Файл:Английский язык. Грамматика со звёздами = English Grammar with the Stars. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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1.27. Put each of the following collective nouns in its correct
place in the sentences below, making it plural if necessary. Some nouns
must be used more than once.
HERD MOB SUITE CONGREGATION SHOAL
BUNCH CROWD FLEET SWARM GANG FLIGHT
1. The … of the British Royal Navy was very strong in the nineteenth century.
2. Disease reduced the farmer’s … from 90 to 65 cows.
3. She was attacked by a … of wasps.
4. A … of shouting people overturned cars, and attacked a police
station.
5. The Irish Prime Minister occupied a … of rooms at the hotel.
6. Some spectators in the …disagreed with the referee’s decision.
7. He bought a large … of bananas.
8. The priest was very sad to see his … getting smaller week by
week.
9. Fishing boats use modern equipment to locate the … of fish.
10. She lost her balance and fell down a … of steps.
11. He was the leader of a well-known … of criminals.
12. British Airways has a … of 26 Boeing 747s.
13. In spring …of birds arrive back in Europe after spending the
winter in Africa.
14. Our picnic was completely ruined by a … of ants.
15. He gave her a … of flowers.
1.28. Put each of the following collective nouns in its correct
place in the sentences, making it plural if necessary . Some nouns must
be used more than once.
FLOCK BUNDLE STACK SET BUNCH
CROWD CREW CLUMP AUDIENCE PACK
1. We sat down in the shade of a … of trees.
2. She gave a … of old clothes to a charity organization.
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3. The … applauded the new play enthusiastically.
4. Has anyone seen a …of keys? I left them somewhere.
5. Golf is an expensive game. You’ll need a … of clubs.
6. The books were arranged in a … one on top of the other.
7. They’ve bought a leather three-piece … - a sofa and two armchairs.
8. Let’s play a game. Who’s got a … of cards?
9. The cruise ship carries 150 passengers and a … of 85.
10. The …of sheep was controlled by a shepherd and two dogs.
11. For their wedding I gave them a … of cutlery (knives, spoons,
forks etc.).
12. I bought a … of blue grapes for dessert.
13. She had to put empty fruit crates in a … but it kept collapsing.
14. The kids picked a … of field flowers to take home.
15. We gathered old newspapers in a … and put them in the attic.
1.29. Make the correct choice.
GOSSIP WITH THE GIRLS
Women are experts at gossiping, and (1) most of them / the most of
them always talk about trivial things, or at least that’s what the majority
of men (2) have / has always thought. However, some new research (3)
suggests / suggest that when women talk to women, (4) a little number of /
a great number of their conversations (5) are / is far from frivolous, and
cover (6) many more / much more topics (up to 40) than when men talk
to other men.
Women’s conversations range from health to their houses, from
politics to fashion, from films to family, from education to relationship
problems. Men tend to have (7) a more / the more limited range of subjects, the most popular being work, sport, jokes, cars, and women. According to Professor Petra Boynton who interviewed over 1000 women,
(8) most / the most women also tend to move quickly from one subject to
another in conversation, whereas three quarters of men usually (9) stick /
sticks to one subject for longer periods of time.
At work, this difference can be an advantage for men, where they
can put other matters aside and concentrate fully on the topic being discussed. On the other hand, it also means that men sometimes find it
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hard to concentrate when (10) a number of / the number of things have to
be discussed at the same time in a meeting.
1.30. Complete the text with English equivalents.
THE MYSTERY OF JACK THE RIPPER
One of the great unsolved murder mysteries of all time is that of Jack
the Ripper. In the autumn of 1888 a brutal murderer walked the dark,
foggy streets of London, terrorizing (1) большинство жителей. The
victims were (2) все женщины and the police seemed powerless to stop
the murders. (3) Паника и страх among Londoners was increased by a
letter sent by the murderer to Scotland Yard. In the letter he made fun
of the attempts to catch him. It finished, ‘Yours truly, Jack the Ripper’.
This was (4) первое из многих писем sent to the police. The murders
continued – (5) их число было seven in total. But in November, they
suddenly stopped after (6) трёхмесячного периода of terror. Jack the
Ripper was never caught and (7) большое количество historians, writers, policemen, and detectives (8) пыталось to discover and prove his
identity. (9) Сотни статей и книг have been written and many films
made about the murders. But the question ‘Who was Jack the Ripper?’
has remained unanswered. (10) Было много suspects including a doctor, a businessman, a painter, and even a member of royalty. But they
remained just that – suspects.
1.31. Choose the correct alternative.
A HEARTTHROB OF A DANCER
Zac Efron is an actor of teen and youth musicals and a teen (1) im-
age / icon / character. He was born into an ordinary middle-class family.
His parents had nothing to do with movie business, so Zac was blessed
with a normal (2) babyhood / childhood / adulthood. Being quite a (3)
optimist / idealist / perfectionist, Zac was never happy when he got a B
grade at school.
He was encouraged to act, though, by his own parents, and at the
age of eleven he started taking dancing and singing (4) seminars / lessons
/ auditions. Zac appeared in several high school productions and also
worked at a local theatre which proved valuable (5) experience / work /
impression.
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Yet it’s his parents whom Zac credits for filling his personal basket
with (6) insurance / assurance / confidence. School productions such as
Peter Pan were not only great fun but a (7) method / means / medium to
achieve recognition. Zac’s talent and natural (8) charisma / appeal / temp-
tation later made him just right for one of the major parts in the megasuccessful High School Musical and its sequels. He really has to express
his (9) thanks / thank / thank-you to Disney Studios – it’s not every day
that a guy gets a chance to matriculate from three high schools at once!
Many a song from the musicals hit the
(10) lists / charts / numbers and became
popular in their own right. Somehow Zac
Efron made it cool for kids to think of musicals as hip and happening, more a groove
than a goof so long associated with Broadway-style shows.
Next came another success – Hair-
spray – where Zac portrayed a teen (11) fetish / idol / hero of the 1960s and got to work
with John Travolta. This role made Zac a
All-American new generation star with lit-
tle idle (12) time / period / hours on his hands. Big and small screens are
screaming for his attention. Now he is turning to other, more mature
parts looking for a new (13) looks / image / appearance.
One may say Zac’s (14) career / progress / rise is as creamy as his
complexion. No doubt he managed to disprove the old saying. Indeed,
(15) appearances / looks / faces do matter!
NOUNS IN THE POSSESSIVE CASE
1.32. Choose the correct variant.
A UNIQUE PHENOMENON
Craig Flatman is every (1) nutritionist’s / nutritionists’ nightmare – (2)
a fifteen-year-old / fifteen years’ old who never eats anything but (3) jam /
jam’s sandwiches yet is perfectly healthy. Although his diet contains
hardly any protein and sixty (4) per cent / per cents sugar he is tall and
well-built for his age and functioning quite well.
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The boy rejects any (5) meat / meat’s dishes, never eats fruit and veg-
etables. He lives on bread, jam, and an occasional slice of (6) chocolate /
chocolate’s cake and milk. The (7) boy’s / boys’ strange diet started when
he was a (8) four-month-old / four month’s old baby. He refused to eat
any solid food and it was his (9) parents’ / parent’s job to find something
he would like. He opted for chocolate spread then discovered jam and
started (10) a thirteen-year / thirteen-years obsession.
Is Craig one of the (11) world’s / world wonders? The (12) doctors’ /
doctor’s explanation is that the boy might have choked on something
at an early age and it provoked such a reaction. The (13) boy’s / boys’
parents have a normal diet but his (14) sister / sister’s is a vegetarian. So
when they are all going out for a meal they have to find a restaurant to
cater for the (15) children’s / childrens’ food tastes.
1.33. Add an apostrophe where necessary.
‘HAMLET’ BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Hamlets father the King of Denmark has died, and his mother has
married his fathers brother, Claudius. Denmark is under threat of invasion by a foreign princes army. Two soldiers on duty on the ramparts of
the castle see Hamlets fathers ghost.
Later, the ghost speaks to Hamlet and describes his brothers method
of murdering him. Hamlet promises to avenge his murder, but pretends
to be mad to escape his uncles suspicions.
Claudius asks Hamlets friends to find out the reasons for his strange
behavior. Claudius adviser, Polonius, the father of Hamlets girlfriend
Ophelia, suggests that his madness is caused by love.
Hamlets friends invite a troupe of actors to try to make Hamlet less
unhappy. Hamlet asks them to put on a play he has written in which his
fathers murder will be acted. His uncles guilt becomes clear when he
stops the play and leaves with his courtiers.
Hamlet kills Polonius in error and is sent to England with his friends
as part of the kings attempt to kill him. What happens next? Well, read
the play, will you?
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1.34. Choose the correct variant.
THE BLUE HOUSE
In Coyoacan, an old residential area of Mexico City, there is a house
with bright blue walls, tall windows and green shutters, surrounded by
trees. It is one of the most extraordinary places in Mexico, (1) the surre-
alist painter Frida’s Kahlo / the surrealist painter Frida Kahlo’s home. She
died in 1954 at the age of 47. Her husband was Diego Rivera, another
great Mexican artist.
The entrance is guarded by two giant statues nearly (2) seven metres /
seven metres’ tall. Now the room is a gallery where some of (3) Frida’s /
Frida paintings can be seen. The first thing you notice when you go into
the kitchen is the floor; it’s painted bright yellow to stop insects from
coming in. There is a long yellow table for (4) Frida and Diego’s / Frida’s
and Diego’s lunch parties, and a yellow dresser holding traditional green
and brown Mexican dishes. Here, their guests often found themselves
in the company of (5) Frida’s / Fridas’ pets, Fulang Chang, a beloved
monkey, or Bonito the parrot, who used to perform tricks at the table in
return for butter!
Everywhere in the house you can feel (6) Frida and Diego’s / Fri-
da’s and Diego’s spirit. Upstairs Frida’s palette and brushes are still on
the worktable in her studio, as if she had just put them down. In (7)
Diego’s / Diego bedroom you can see his (8) stetson’s / stetson hat and a
huge pair of shoes. In another bedroom there is a cupboard with a glass
door, which contains one of the colorful (9) Mexican / Mexican’s dresses
which Frida loved wearing. Here you don’t feel her 10) sixty year’s / sixty
years’ absence.
1.35. Choose the correct variant.
TOUGH GIRLS
The South African swimmer Natalie du Toit was only seventeen
when she lost her leg in a (1) road / road’s accident. She was going to a
training session at the swimming pool on her motorbike when a car hit
her. Her leg had to be amputated at the knee. At the time she was one
of (2) South Africa’s / South African most promising young swimmers. It
was (3) everybody’s / everybody thought that she would never be able to
swim competitively again.
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But Natalie was determined to carry on. She went back into the pool
only after (4) three months’ / three-month’s break after the accident. And
just one year later, at the Commonwealth Games in Manchester, she
swam (5) an 800-metre / 800-metre’s in 9 minutes 11.38 seconds and
qualified for the final and not disabled (6) swimmers’ / swimmer’s one
either! Although she didn’t win a medal, she still made history.
Bethany Hamilton was the best girl surfer of her age when she lost an
arm in a (7) shark / shark’s attack. She was only thirteen years old and
was surfing in Hawaii when a tiger shark attacked her. It happened so fast
she didn’t even scream.
But Bethany was determined to get back on a surf board as soon as
possible. Hardly had she left the hospital when the girl began practicing
her surfing exercises on the beach with her (8) doctor’s / doctors’s permission. Everyone was amazed to see her surfing to her heart’s content
so soon after her accident.
“The first time I went back into the sea I was so happy I cried”, she
said. “It was easier than I thought. But obviously it’s much more difficult than with both arms, and I have to accept I’ll probably never be (9)
world / world’s champion, which used to be my dream”.
Since then Bethany has signed a contract with Rip Curl, and has
written a book about her experiences which has been made into a film.
“I always dream of the sea”, she says. “When you surf a wave, it’s like
walking on water, and when you’re in the air, it’s like flying”. But now
she is trying to stay out of (10) harm’s / harm way.
1.36. Put nine missing possessive apostrophes.
DAVID COPPERFIELD
David Copperfield, the novel by Charles Dickens, is a story of one
boys struggle after losing his parents. Davids father dies when he is
young, and his mother remarries.
His stepfather, Mr Murdstone, treats David unkindly, and he can
only find happiness with the Peggoty family, his nurses relatives. At
school, at first he is unhappy but then wins his friends respect.
However, when his mother dies, his stepfather sends him to work in
a factory in London, where the other boys make fun of him. David runs
away and walks to his aunts house in Dover. Here he grows up happily,
goes to school and becomes a clerk in a lawyers office in London.
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He falls in love with Dora, his employers daughter, and when his
aunts money is lost in a bad investment, he works writing reports of parliament for the newspapers. Many parts of the story follow the events of
Dickens own life.
WORD FORMATION: THE USE OF SUFFIXES
1.37. Make nouns ending in -ENCE/-ANCE from the following
verbs. Change the spelling if necessary. Put each noun in its correct
place in the sentences below.
ACCEPT, PREFER, OBEY, DEFEND, OFFEND, INSIST, COINCIDE,
REFER, DEPEND, CORRESPOND, RESIDE, DIFFER,
INTERFERE, EXIST, PRETEND
1. He couldn’t go to university but continued his education through
… courses.
2. This monument is in memory of those who died in … of this
country.
3. Police dogs are trained to a high standard of … .
4. Tea or coffee? Do you have any … ?
5. She wasn’t really angry at all. It was just … .
6. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and atlases are called … books.
7. The doctors tried to cure him of his … on drugs.
8. The United Nations came into … in 1945.
9. Despite his … that he was innocent, he was arrested.
10. I can’t tell the … between butter and margarine.
11. I hope she didn’t take … . I was only joking.
12. I met John on holiday quite by chance. What a … .
13. She complained of … by her mother-in-law in her private affairs.
14. ‘Place of …’ means the place where you live.
15. When the girl saw the ring she was speechless and just nodded
in … .
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1.38. Make nouns ending in -ENCE/-ANCE from the following
verbs. Change the spelling if necessary. Put each noun in its correct
place in the sentences below.
TOLERATE, ANNOY, RESIST, AVOID, INSURE, RESEMBLE,
ENTER, ATTEND, PERFORM, ACCEPT, DISOBEY
DISTURB, ASSIST , ENDURE, ASSURE
1. It was the actor’s finest …, wasn’t it?
2. The teacher kept a record of every student’s ... .
3. This signature bears no ... to mine! It’s a forgery!
4. When I received the offer of a job, I immediately wrote a letter
of ... .
5. The police were called to a ... at a private party last night.
6. My house ... covers me for fire, flood, theft and damage.
7. When she was very old she couldn’t look after herself without ... .
8. When people kept talking, he showed his ... by turning round.
9. The ... to the park is through that gate there.
10. After fierce ... for two days, the soldiers surrendered to the enemy.
11. Continuing his journey alone, it was a remarkable show of ... .
12. They recommend ... of the city centre during the present road
repairs.
13. When treating sick children the doctor displayed surprising… .
14. My parents’ … and support mean the world to me.
15. The child’s … was put down to his upbringing.
1.39. Make nouns ending in –MENT from the following verbs.
Change the spelling if necessary. Put each noun in its correct place in
the sentences below.
JUDGE, AGREE, ENTERTAIN, IMPROVE, POSTPONE, ARRANGE,
ENLARGE, ENCOURAGE, ADVERTISE, ESTABLISH
1. The ... for Monday is that we’ll meet at 7 and take the train at 7.45.
2. I like this photo. I think I’ll have an ... made.
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3. This is the city’s ... district, full of cinemas and theatres.
4. We regret to announce the ... of this evening’s concert.
5. The teachers were pleased at the ... in his work.
6. His parents gave him a lot of ... in his studies.
7. There was a newspaper ... for a job as a typist.
8. Sorry, it was just an error of … .
9. The talks went long into the night, but no … was reached.
10. The … of the local University was beneficial for the city.
1.40. Make nouns ending in -CY from the following adjectives.
Change the spelling if necessary. Put each noun in its correct place in
the sentences below.
ILLITERATE, OBSTINATE, PRIVATE, URGENT, EFFICIENT,
PREGNANT, ACCURATE, VACANT, FREQUENT, FLUENT
1. Swiss watches are famous for their ... .
2. A ... for an office manager was advertised in the newspaper.
3. This is a matter of great ... . It must be discussed as soon as pos-
sible.
4. Donkeys are known for their ... . They won’t do what they’re
told.
5. After five years in London, of course he speaks English with
great ... .
6. He always did his job well. Everyone appreciated his ... .
7. The ... of this bus service is about one every ten minutes.
8. I don’t like to be visited or phoned too much at home. I like my ... .
9. … is still a problem for some developing countries.
10. The woman suffered great discomfort during … but bore it stoically.
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