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Файл:Английский язык для психологов. Учебное пособие
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Client: Exactly, I know I’m not perfect and maybe I could do more, but he
needs to see what I do rather than just what I don’t. I think we are going to have
a heart to heart talk tonight.
Ex. 16. Read the text.
REBT EXAMPLE
Gina is upset because she got a low mark on a math test. The Activating
event, A, is that she failed her test. The Belief, B, is that she must have good
grades or she is worthless. The Consequence, C, is that Gina feels depressed.
After irrational beliefs have been identified, the therapist will often work
with the client in challenging the negative thoughts on the basis of evidence
from the client’s experience by reframing it, meaning to re-interpret it in a
more realistic light. This helps the client to develop more rational beliefs and
healthy coping strategies.
A therapist would help Gina realize that there is no evidence that she must
have good grades to be worthwhile, or that getting bad grades is awful. She desires good grades, and it would be good to have them, but it hardly makes her
worthless.
If she realizes that getting bad grades is disappointing, but not awful, and
that it means she is currently bad at math or at studying, but not as a person, she
will feel sad or frustrated, but not depressed. The sadness and frustration are
likely healthy negative emotions and may lead her to study harder from then on.
Ex. 17. Offer your own example of REBT. Be ready to discuss it.
Ex. 18. Speak on the following topics:
1. Professional deformations as a negative phenomenon.
2. The most common cause of professional deformation is stress.
3. The phenomenon of professional burnout.
4. The cognitive behavioral therapy.
5. Rational emotive behavior.
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Ex. 19. Write your own compositions to the topic “Professional defor-
Конструкция
Пример
Перевод
Объектный
причастный оборот:
сущ. общ. п.
+ прич. I/II
мест. объект. п.
We saw them working
at the project
Мы видели, как они
работали над проектом
Cубъектный
причастный оборот:
сущ. общ. п.
+ гл. + прич. I/II
мест. им. п.
The campaign was considered finished successfully
Считали, что кампания
завершилась успешно
Независимый
причастный оборот:
сущ. общ. п.
+ прич. I/II
мест. им. п.
Nobody having any
more to say, the meeting
was closed
Так как никому больше нечего было сказать, собрание было
закрыто
mation”.
Grammar Point
PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Ex. 20. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to
the Participial Constructions.
1. Man being a very complex organism, many sciences are concerned with
his investigation.
2. Experiments being performed under carefully controlled conditions, be-
havior of experimental animals may not be characteristic of their behavior outside the laboratory.
3. Scientists having been able to discover specialization of different nerve
fibres, a great deal is to be learned about the nature of nerve “message”.
4. This was done for obtaining additional data, the operations not being
shown here.
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5. Scientific measurement may either be direct, the response itself being
measured, or indirect, the measurement being of the stimulus used to obtain
a specific response.
6. A given individual may have many personalities, one of them being central and, perhaps, explaining the others.
7. Hoppe’s experiments were characterized by a certain degree of infor-
mality, the conclusions being based on the subject’s spontaneous remarks concerning their reactions to the various situations.
Ex. 21. Change the first three sentences of Ex. 1 so as to use a clause in-
stead of the Participial Construction. Follow the pattern:
The exams being over, we went to our University sports camp. = As soon
as* the exams were over we went to our University sports camp.
Introduce the clause with such conjunctions as since, as, though, because,
etc.
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VOCABULARY TEST № 4
1. excessive
a) образ мышления
2. mental illness
b) когнитивное искажение
3. average
c) подозрительный
4. cynical
d) излишний, чрезмерный
5. indifference
e) психическое расстройство
6. burnout
f) обычный; посредственный
7. suspicious
g) последствия
8. mindset
h) циничный
9. repercussion
i) равнодушие
10. cognitive distortion
j) истощение физических и ду-
ховных сил
Ex. 1. Match Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 2. Find the synonym to the underlined word.
1) response 1. realm
2. reaction
3. lack
2) inaccurate 1. incorrect
2. right
3. main
3) aid 1. absence
2. mind
3. help
Ex. 3. Find the word which is not synonymous to the underlined word.
1) thought 1.intention
2. idea
3. notion
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2) to occur 1. to come
2. to take place
3. to happen
3) fundamental 1. basic
2. essential
3. major
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct word or word combination.
Imprint; professional deformations; characterized; social interaction; irra-
tional.
1. Each profession is … by its own realm of deformations.
2. Monotonous and repeated work often leaves an … on the character.
3. Most researchers consider … as a negative phenomenon.
4. Professional deformation undoubtedly causes inefficiency in some cases
of … .
5. Some people’s assumptions are largely … .
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UNIT 5
MOTIVATION IN THE WORKPLACE
Starting point
Ex. 1. Look through the passage with the key ideas of the Unit. Suggest the
problems to be discussed in it.
Why do you learn about motivation in the workplace?
The 2017 “State of the American Workplace Survey,” conducted by Gallup, showed us some enlightening information. That is: 33 % of employees in
the workforce were engaged, 51 % of employees were disengaged, 16 % of employees were actively disengaged.
You read that right! A full 67 % of American workforce is disengaged in
their work. They aren’t feeling it! And because of that, productivity and profitability are probably lower than they could be for organizations.
Motivation for employees is key for organizations that want to maximize
productivity and profit. Luckily, research provides us with a number of insights
into how to improve employee motivation.
The manager who has a clear understanding of motivation, including its
components and basic theories, can begin to pull the right levers within an organization to create rewards for employees that stimulate engagement.
Think about a workplace, and how much more successful a company
would be if that other 67 % were engaged and motivated.
Active Vocabulary
Ex. 2. Listen to the teacher and say the words after him. Learn the new
words by heart.
1. ability [ə’bɪl.ə.ti] способность, умение
2. appreciate [ə’pri:.ʃi.əɪt] ценить
3. autonomy [ɔː’tɒnəmi] автономия, самостоятельность
4. desire [dɪ’zaɪər] желать (сильно)
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5. direction [dɪ’rekʃən] направление
6. effort [‘efət] усилие, попытка
7. engagement [ɪn’ɡeɪdʒ.mənt] вовлеченность (персонала)
8. expectancy [ɪk’spektənsi] ожидаемое, ожидание
9. extrinsic motivating factor [ek’strɪn.zɪk] внешний фактор мотивации
10. flexibility [ˌfleksɪ’bɪləti] гибкость
11. individual (n) [ˌɪn.dɪ’vɪdʒ.u.əl] личность, индивидуальность
12. instrumentality [ˌɪnstrəmen’tælɪtɪ] средство
13. intensity [ɪnˈten.sə.ti] интенсивность, сила
14. intrinsic motivating factor [ɪn’trɪn.zɪk] внутренний фактор моти-
вации
15. memorize [‘meməraɪz] запоминать, заучивать наизусть
16. perception [pə’sep.ʃən] восприятие
17. performance [pə’fɔː.məns] I. результаты, показатели; II. результа-
тивность, производительность
18. persistence [pə’sɪstəns] настойчивость, упорство
19. person’s needs [‘pɜː.sən’z niːdz] потребности человека
20. personality trait [‘pɜː.sən’æl.ə.ti treɪt] черта личности
21. productivity [ˌprɒd.ʌk’tɪv.ə.ti] производительность
22. profitability [ˌprɒf.ɪ.tə’bɪl.ə.ti] рентабельность, прибыльность
23. public recognition [‘pʌb.lɪk ˌrek.əɡ’nɪʃ.ən] общественное признание
24. reward [rɪ’wɔːd] вознаграждение
25. skill variety [skɪl və’raɪəti] разнообразие навыков
26. task identity [tɑ:sk aɪ’dentəti] идентификация задач
27. task significance [tɑ:sk sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns] важность задачи
28. to achieve a goal [ə’ʧiːv ɑ gəʊl] достичь цели
29. to be engaged [ɪn’ɡeɪdʒd] заниматься (чем-либо)
30. to equate [ɪ’kweɪt] приравнивать
31. to propose [prə’pəʊz] предлагать
32. unmotivated [ˌʌn.’məʊ.tɪ.veɪ.tɪd] немотивированный
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Word Study
1. восприятие
2. вовлеченность
3. вознаграждение
4. потребности
5. результативность
6. разнообразие
7. упорство
8. важность
9. самостоятельность
10. способность
11. ожидаемое
12. средство
13. признание
14. гибкость
a) engagement
b) variety
c) persistence
d) perception
e) significance
f) instrumentality
g) reward
h) recognition
i) ability
j) performance
k) needs
l) flexibility
m) expectancy
n) autonomy
Ex. 3. Match Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 4. Read sentences with new words and translate them. Check how
much you have remembered.
1. He is an experienced worker who is always seeking to improve his per-
formance.
2. High-performance cars are fast, powerful, and easy to control, but they
are the most expensive ones.
3. Our company’s performance wasn’t good for the first three years.
4. For 5 students, however, the training ended prematurely because they
were unmotivated.
5. This student has already memorized all the lines.
6. The company is currently recruiting for an experienced psychologist to
improve employee engagement.
7. She’s part of a team of scientists who are engaged on motivation re-
search.
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8. He has the ability to explain things clearly.
А
В
1) performance
a) the process of encouraging people to be inter-
ested in the work of an organization
2) intensity
b) not wanting to do something, or not wanting to
do something well
3) unmotivated
c) a person, especially when considered separately
and not as part of a group
4) persistence
5) how well a person, machine, etc. does a piece of
work or an activity
6) engagement
7) ability to change or be changed easily according
to the situation
8) motivation
9) the fact that someone or something persists
d) to desire
e) the physical or mental power or skill needed to
do something
10) an individual
f) the things person must have for a satisfactory
life
11) ability
g) the reasons why people do particular things
12) needs
h) the quality of being extreme in strength or force
13) flexibility
i) to want something, especially strongly
9. His persistence and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve its in-
ternational success.
10. There is persistence, or the amount of time an individual can maintain
the effort to achieve a goal.
11. A theory of human motivation, developed in 1954 by Abraham
Maslow, says that people will only satisfy some needs after more basic needs
have been satisfied.
12. A job’s motivating potential can be influenced by skill variety, task
identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback.
Ex. 5. Match the words from column A with their meanings from column B.
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Ex. 6. Read the following international words and translate them into
1. active [‘æktɪv]
2. autonomy [ɔː’tɒnəmi]
3. comic [ˈkɒm.ɪk]
4. component [kəm’pəʊnənt]
5. energy [‘enədʒɪ]
6. focus [‘fəʊkəs]
7. history [‘hɪstəri]
8. information [ˌɪnfə’meɪʃən]
9. instrument [‘ɪn.strə.ment]
10. intensity [ɪn’tensɪti]
11. interest [‘ɪntrəst]
12. manager [‘mænɪdʒər]
13. maximize [‘mæk.sɪ.maɪz]
14. motivation [ˌməʊtɪ’veɪʃən]
15. person [‘pɜːsən]
16. public [‘pʌblɪk]
17. status [‘steɪtəs]
18. stimulate [‘stɪmjəleɪt]
19. student [‘stju:dənt]
20. theme [θiːm]
Performance
ability
motivation
opportunity
Russian.
Ex. 7. Answer the questions before reading the text. Read the text and
check if you are right.
1. Does performance depend on motivation?
2. Do many people equate unmotivated person with being lazy?
3. Is motivation a stable state of mind?
4. Does motivation depend on person’s needs?
5. Is there only an intrinsic reason for motivation?
What is Motivation?
Motivation is one of three key performance elements. In fact, research
suggests that performance is a function of ability, motivation and opportunity:
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