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Файл:Английский язык для психологов. Учебное пособие
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8)
incentive
h)
performance
9)
self-report
i)
value
10)
cognitive
j)
of estimate
Participle I
Participle II
Perfect Participle
Active
planning
–
having planned
Passive
being planned
planned
having been planned
Функции
Примеры
Перевод
Определение
Many of the people questioned refused to answer
Многие из опрошенных
людей отказались отвечать на вопросы
Часть составного
именного сказуемого
Agreeableness is indicated
in empathic, sympathetic,
and kind behaviours
Доброжелательность выражается в сопереживании, сочувствии и добром
поведении
Ex. 16. Speak on the following topics:
1. Methods for personnel selection and training.
2. Paying attention to human behavior as an employee of the organization.
3. The behavior of people in an organization is due to a system of various
factors.
4. Personalities are characterized in terms of traits.
5. Companies try to assess a candidate’s personality.
Ex. 17. Write your own compositions to the topic “Personality traits and
employee selection”.
Grammar Point
THE PARTICIPLE
FORMS OF THE PARTICIPLE
FUNCTIONS OF PARTICIPLE
61
Обстоятельство
а) времени
б) причины
в) образа действия
When making a diagnosis
the psychologist encounted
many difficulties.
Being invited to the conference he left for London.
Psychologists have investigated hundreds of traits
using the self-report approach
При постановке диагноза
психолог столкнулся с множеством трудностей.
Так как его пригласили
на конференцию, он уехал
в Лондон.
Психологи исследовали
сотни признаков, используя подход самоотчетов
Ex. 18. Make different forms of the Participle.
Perfect Participle Active:
to emerge, to wish, to connect, to found, to investigate, to refer, to in-
crease, to focus, to indicate, to classify.
a) Present Participle Passive:
to influence, to explain, to link, to recommend, to seek, to suggest, to re-
port, to select, to discuss, to deceive.
с) Perfect Participle Passive:
to control, to work, to test, to ask, to carry out, discriminate, to practice, to
prefer, to employ, to vary.
Ex. 19. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Participle in the
function of an attribute.
1. The term self-regulation refers to a complex and dynamic set of process-
es involved in setting and pursuing goals.
2. The self-regulatory processes resulting from approach and avoidance
goals differ in subtle but very important ways.
3. Psychologists give answers to questions about the compatibility of employees, their working potential, their attitude to work, and the peculiarities of
behavior in various professional situations.
62
4. In job interviews, companies try to assess a candidate’s personality and
the potential for a good match, but interviews are only as good as the people
conducting them.
5. Companies using them believe that these tests improve the effectiveness
of their selection and reduce turnover.
Ex. 20. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Participle in the
function of a part of compound nominal predicate.
1. Practical organizational psychology is currently paying considerable at-
tention to human behavior as an employee of the organization.
2. Extraversion, sometimes referred to as surgency, is indicated by asser-
tive, energetic, and gregarious behaviours.
3. The most fundamental aspect of self-regulation theory is the idea that
much of human behavior is directed toward accomplishing goals.
4. Some traits are linked to higher levels of happiness and well-being.
5. Personalities are characterized in terms of traits
Ex. 21. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Participle in the
function of aт adverbial.
1. Children use the five factors when freely describing themselves and
others.
2. Having been made redundant an employee retained his statutory redundancy payment and was soon re-employed.
3. Psychologists have investigated hundreds of traits using the self-report
approach
4. Avoidance goals are also powerful influences on behavior, representing
undesired future states that individuals wish to avoid.
5. Matching people to jobs matters, because when people do not fit with
their jobs or the company, they are more likely to leave, costing companies as
much as a person’s annual salary to replace them.
63
Ex. 22. In the following sentences find all the participles, define their
forms and functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. This process is called validating the test.
2. Some traits are connected to greater longevity while others have been
linked to an increased risk of illness.
3. It refers to differences in the motivations that energize behavior, varying
from a promotion orientation (seeking out new opportunities) to a prevention
orientation (avoiding negative outcomes).
4. First and foremost, the five factors have consistently emerged from fac-
tor analyses conducted on numerous data sets composed of descriptive trait
terms from a number of languages, including English, Chinese, and German.
5. A theory based in self-efficacy, self-regulation is “A theory of motiva-
tion based on the setting of goals and the receipt of accurate feedback that is
monitored to enhance the likelihood of goal attainment”.
6. Self-evaluation can be helped along if feedback is given when a person
is working on their goals because it can align how a person feels about how
they are doing to achieve a goal and what they are actually doing to achieve
their goals.
7. Goals can even vary in the extent to which one is consciously aware that
the goal is guiding behavior.
8. Most theories of self-regulation propose that goals are arranged hierar-
chically in a series of means-ends relationships.
9. One method some companies use to improve this match and detect the
people who are potentially good job candidates is personality testing.
10. In employee selection, one complicating factor is that people filling
out the survey do not have a strong incentive to be honest.
64
VOCABULARY TEST № 3
1. emerge
a) предусмотрительность
2. inquisitive
b) познавательный
3. anxiety
c) склонность
4. span
d) черта, особенность
5. foresight
e) общительный
6. depression
f) любознательный
7. trait
g) беспокойство
8. gregarious
h) появляться, возникать
9. propensity
i) промежуток времени
10. cognitive
j) депрессия
Ex. 1. Match Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 2. Find the synonym to the underlined word.
1) avoid 1. domain
2. argued
3. shun
2) content 1. matter
2. true
3. basic
3) unquestionably 1. irritability
2. undoubtedly
3. anxiety
Ex. 3. Find the word which is not synonymous to the underlined word.
1) research 1.exploring
2. excitement
3. investigation
65
2) field 1. locus
2. domain
3. sphere
3) different 1. varied
2. differ
3. various
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct word or word combination.
Personalities; practical organizational psychology; collectivism; principles
of psychology; psychologists.
1. … is currently paying considerable attention to human behavior as an
employee of the organization.
2. One of the important … is that each person is individual.
3. … are characterized in terms of traits, which are relatively enduring
characteristics that influence our behavior across many situations.
4. … have investigated hundreds of traits using the self-report approach.
5. … is the tendency to focus on one’s relations with others.
66
UNIT IV
PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION
Starting point
Ex. 1. Look through the passage with the key ideas of the Unit. Suggest the
problems to be discussed in it.
Each profession is characterized by its own realm of deformations. Hence,
numerous studies of professional development of teachers revealed the following deformations: authoritarianism, dogmatic teaching, indifference, conservatism, role expansionism, social hypocrisy, behavioral transfer.
Most researchers consider professional deformations as a negative phenomenon, which reduces individual adaptation possibilities. At the same time,
a number of researchers believe that broadly defined development of the mindset deformations, as well as deformations of dynamic stereotypes, thinking
strategies, cognitive schemes, professionally oriented semantic structures of a
professional – could be regarded as natural phenomena, which character depends on the depth of professional expertise and the degree of labor tasks specificity.
There are several types of professional deformations:
General professional – determined by invariant features of professional
tasks, forms of communication, mindset. In a number of other studies, they are
called “professional accentuation of personality”.
Typological – formed by the fusion of personality characteristics and the
functional structure features of professional activity.
Individual – determined primarily by personal orientation; profession only
creates favorable conditions for the development of those personal traits, which
occurred before professionalization started (for example, among the teachers of
primary school one could often encounter people who remained in the profession because they have strongly expressed need to have power, repression, control over other people).
67
Professional deformation undoubtedly causes inefficiency in some cases of
1.
absence
[ˈæbsəns]
отсутствие
2.
aid
[eɪd]
помощь
3.
average
[ˈævərɪdʒ]
средний, обычный; посредственный
4.
burnout
[ˈbɜːnaʊt]
истощение физических
и духовных сил
5.
cognitive deficiency
[ˈkɒɡnətɪv dɪˈfɪʃənsi]
neur. когнитивный дефи-
цит
6.
cognitive distortion
[ˈkɒɡnətɪv dɪsˈtɔ:ʃən]
psychol. когнитивное искажение
7.
cynical
[ˈsɪnɪkəl]
циничный
8.
devastation
[ˌdevəsˈteɪʃən]
опустошение, разорение
9.
disorder
[dɪˈsɔːdər]
расстройство, болезнь
10.
excessive
[ɪkˈsesɪv]
излишний, чрезмерный
11.
hypocrisy
[hɪˈpɒkrəsi]
лицемерие
12.
illogical
[ɪˈlɒdʒɪkəl]
нелогичный
13.
imprint
[ˈɪmprɪnt]
след, отпечаток
14.
inaccurate
[ɪnˈækjərət]
неточный, неправильный
15.
indifference
[ɪnˈdɪfərəns]
равнодушие
16.
interaction
[ˌɪntərˈækʃən]
общение, взаимодействие
17.
irrational thinking
[ɪˈræʃənəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
иррациональное мышление
18.
lack of sth.
[læk]
недостаток чего-либо
19.
mental illness
[ˈmentəl ˈɪlnəs]
psychol. психическое рас-
стройство
social interaction.
Active Vocabulary
Ex. 2. Listen to the teacher and say the words after him. Remember the
words.
68
20.
mental representation
[ˈmentəl
ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃən]
psychol. ментальный образ;
психическое представление
21.
mind
[maɪnd]
ум
22.
mindset
[ˈmaɪndˌset]
образ мышления
23.
negativism
[ˈneɡətɪvɪzm]
psychol. отрицательное отношение к действительности
24.
overload
[ˌəʊvəlˈəʊd]
перегружать, нагружать
сверх меры
25.
psych yourself up
[saɪk]
психологически подготовиться
26.
realm
[relm]
область, сфера
27.
repercussion
[ˌriːpəˈkʌʃənz]
последствия
28.
response
[rɪˈspɒns]
ответ, реакция
29.
suspicious
[səˈspɪʃəs]
подозрительный
30.
to adjust
[əˈdʒʌst]
регулировать; приспосабливаться
31.
to characterize
[ˈkærəktəraɪz]
отличаться; описывать, характеризовать
32.
to distress
[dɪˈstres]
мучить, тревожить
33.
to distribute
[dɪˈstrɪbjuːt]
раздавать, распределять
34.
to interpret
[ɪnˈtɜːprɪt]
истолковывать; переводить
35.
to monitor
[ˈmɒnɪtər]
наблюдать, контролировать
36.
to occur
[əˈkɜːr]
случаться, происходить
37.
to pertain
[pəˈteɪn]
относиться, иметь отношение к чему-либо
38.
to protect
[prəˈtekt]
защищать
39.
to repression
[rɪˈpres]
сдерживать, подавлять, угнетать
40.
tyrant
[ˈtaɪərənt]
тиран
69
Word Study
1)
отличаться; описывать, характеризовать
a)
to distress
2)
ответ, реакция
b)
indifference
3)
отсутствие
c)
inaccurate
4)
наблюдать, контролировать
d)
to pertain
5)
лицемерие
e)
realm
6)
неточный, неправильный
f)
to repression
7)
мучить, тревожить
g)
to characterize
8)
равнодушие
h)
absence
9)
область, сфера
i)
response
10)
отрицательное отношение
к действительности
j)
hypocrisy
11)
сдерживать, подавлять
k)
negativism
12)
относиться, иметь отношение
к чему-либо
l)
to monitor
Ex. 3. Match Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 4. Read sentences with new words and translate them. Check how
much you have remembered.
1. The campaign aims to combat public indifference to racial discrimina-
tion.
2. Democrats said it was a cynical attempt to smear the President’s reputa-
tion.
3. She describes her husband as a tyrant.
4. Databases are generally protected to copyright.
5. The company will have to change its whole mindset if it is to survive.
6. Police said the accident occurred about 4.30 pm.
7. The charges seemed a little excessive.
8. Colleagues became suspicious when he started acting strangely.
9. Hypnosis can be an aid to giving up smoking.
10. Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.
70
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