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Файл:Английский язык для психологов. Учебное пособие
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3.1. Прямое дополнение всегда стоит сразу после сказуемого. В русском языке отвечает на вопросы косвенных падежей (любых, кроме именительного).
I don’t mind adhering a dress code for different categories of employees. –
Я не против соблюдения дресс-кода различными категориями служащих.
He suggested discussing the problem. – Он предлагал обсудить эту
проблему.
3.2. Предложное дополнение обычно употребляется после глаголов,
прилагательных, причастий, требующих после себя определенных предлогов.
They are fond of playing chess. – Они любят играть в шахматы.
It also reduces the costs associated with buying and wearing office dresses
to work. – Это также сокращает расходы, связанные с покупкой и но-
шением офисной одежды на работе.
We were interested in solving this problem. – Мы были заинтересованы
в разрешении этой проблемы.
4.1. Герундий в функции определения всегда употребляется с предлогом (of, for) и стоит после определяемого слова – существительного. Переводится чаще всего существительным.
He used the new method of rewarding. – Он использовал новый метод
поощрения.
We used this way of studying employee’s motivation. – Мы использовали
этот способ изучения мотивации работника.
5.1. Обстоятельство всегда употребляется с предлогами: by, without,
with, in, on, before, after, instead of, in addition to, because of, besides, thanks
to и др., зависит от сказуемого и отвечает на вопросы: где, куда, зачем,
и т. д. Стоит в начале либо в конце предложения. Переводится существительным или деепричастием.
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We can apply this method without testing it. – Мы можем применить
герундий
этот метод без его проверки.
It is difficult to make independent decisions at workplace without having
autonomy. – Сложно принимать независимые решения на рабочем месте,
не имея самостоятельности.
Герундиальные конструкции
Герундиальная конструкция представляет собой комплекс из существительного или притяжательного местоимения, которые указывают на
лицо (или предмет), производящее действие, выраженное герундием. Герундиальная конструкция переводится на русский язык дополнительным
придаточным предложением.
Ex. 13. Translate the sentences with the Gerund in the function of Subject.
1. Winning or losing can be perceived by individuals as an inevitability.
2. Achieving this goal is rather hard.
3. Staying away from work at least two or more weeks a month was stress-
ful.
4. Replacing an employee costs about 33 % of that employee’s salary.
5. Setting the right level of goals and making sure the job design is bal-
anced are some of the challenges managers face daily in order to control stress
in the workplace.
6. Finding ways to eliminate low-priority trivial tasks from your to-dos
helps to fight overload.
7. Downsizing at a company creates stress among the remaining workers.
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Ex. 14. Compare the gerund and the participle as a part of predicate. Trans-
late the sentences with the Gerund.
1. The aim is improving performance and productivity.
2. Employees are experiencing a lack of social support in their roles.
3. His main concern was providing opportunities to handle stress.
4. As new developments are constantly making employee skills obsolete,
workers fear they’ll be replaced by a machine.
5. What are employees saying about the effects of stress on their work-
places?
6. The advantage of low stress is motivating for an individual.
7. A certain amount of stress is motivating for an individual.
8. They started creating a positive image for the company.
9. Individuals responding to stressors aren’t experiencing too many endor-
phins, and exercise can help put them back into action.
10. They continue responding to stressors.
Ex. 15. Translate the collocations. Define the functions of the Gerund.
1. The way of alleviating; chance of being discussed; idea of utilizing the
energy; a method of exploring; the problem of converting; years of experiencing; ways of solving this task; reason for saying; the process for integrating.
2. To be interested in obtaining new data, to result in solving the problem;
to prevent from mixing; to succeed in studying; to suggest telephoning; to avoid
being late; to avoid hitting.
3. To understand without reading; by using the key; after studying; before
studying; because of reducing; to use without testing; instead of reading; on returning home; in spite of improving.
Ex. 16. Mind the gerund and the participle as an attribute. Translate the
sentences with the gerund in the function of attribute.
1. Administrative costs of managing absenteeism are increasing.
2. Employees responding to stressors often struggle to find a balance be-
tween job responsibilities and family responsibilities.
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3. The ways of responding to stressors are different for every person.
on at in of from for
4. They managed to do the first steps for alleviating stress consequences.
5. Behaviorally, a person suffering stress might be prone to sudden verbal
outbursts.
6. He understood these ways of suffering stress.
7. Our psychologist proposed changes for improving employees motiva-
tion.
8. The steps improving employees motivation were successful.
9. Danny’s intensity for reading is high, but his intensity around history is
low.
10. He knows the rapid reading techniques.
Ex. 17. Compare the gerund and the participle in the function of adverbial
modifier.
1. While preparing to resist physiologically and psychologically the organ-
ism can meet stressor with plenty of energy at first.
2. If the stressor continues to be present, the person fights the threat by
preparing to resist, physiologically and psychologically.
3. By suffering stress the individual will start to experience fatigue in
fighting.
4. When surveying their 34,000 respondents, the top reasons for turnover
were cited as career development, compensation and benefits.
Ex. 18. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions and define the function of
gerund
1. He insisted _______ increasing the employee’s performance.
2. A general adaptation syndrome consists _______ three stages that indi-
viduals experience: alarm, resistance and exhaustion.
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3. We were interested _______ solving this problem.
4. He was good _______ adapting to a high-stress.
5. She was sorry _______ coming late.
6. It’s necessary to prevent _______ stress consequences.
Ex. 19. Pay attention to the gerund constructions and translate the sen-
tences
1. We enjoyed the company’s performance very much.
2. We appreciate your improving job satisfaction.
3. Her work was interrupted by advising how to change behaviors and atti-
tudes to improve customer service.
4. I can’t imagine my boss approving it.
5. I know of my promotion being prepared.
6. His being appointed to team leader was surprising.
Ex. 20. Translate the sentences into Russian. Define forms and functions
of the Gerund
1. Individual will start to experience fatigue in fighting it and resistance
will wear down.
2. Stress can manifest itself in screaming and shouting, throwing or angrily
destroying office equipment.
3. One of the methods of managing stress is physical activity.
4. Stress also affects the cost of health benefits and medical needs that an
employer will pick up by providing health insurance.
5. Additional healthcare expenses related to addressing stress related prob-
lems.
6. Time management experts suggest planning fifty percent of your day
carefully, and leaving the other half open for unplanned emergencies.
7. Organizational behavior is essential to assist a leader in solving the is-
sues.
8. You can examine differences by studying behavior.
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9. If employees are afraid they’ll be fired for not living up to leadership’s
standards, this can definitely be a source of stress.
10. Understanding the dynamics will assist a leader in facilitating better
team unity.
11. Additional healthcare expenses related to addressing stress related
problems, accounted for $125 billion in healthcare costs.
12. Time management experts suggest that workers reward themselves for
completing the tasks on their list.
13. They start rewarding their employees.
14. Relaxation techniques support a level of calmness by changing focus
to something other than the stressor.
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VOCABULARY TEST № 6
1. constraint
a) требование
2. stressor
b) всплеск
3. to struggle
c) тревога
4. demand
d) сопротивление
5. fatigue
e) неизбежность
6. resistance
f) ограничение
7. inevitability
g) облегчать
8. exhaustion
h) бороться
9. to handle
i) истощение
10. alarm
j) справляться
11. surge
k) усталость
12. to alleviate
l) источник стресса
1) surge
2) stress
3) to encounter
4) adaptation
5) fight-or-flight
6) feelings of
7) physical
8) work–life
9) to control
10) to confront with
a) syndrome
b) response
c) stress
d) balance
e) reaction
f) opportunity
g) stressors
h) exhaustion
i) reliever
j) hormone experience
Ex. 1. Match the Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 2. Make word combinations.
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Ex. 3. Complete the sentences with the correct word combination.
Motivates; demands; surge of hormones; exhaustion; constraints; handle;
anxiety; individual.
1. The symptoms of stress for a person are as … as the conditions that
cause it.
2. The body responds to stress with a … and chemicals that results in
a fight-or-flight response.
3. Continuous, unsuccessful resistance eventually leads to the … .
4. Stress at a certain level is good and … productivity.
5. Some people … stress better than others.
6. … is an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something
that is happening or might happen in the future.
7. Stress is negative when it’s associated with … and demands.
8. … represent the loss of something desired.
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ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
Обучение студентов неязыковых вузов иностранному языку предполагает формирование и закрепление общих представлений о фонетике, грамматике и лексике данного языка, а также изучение терминологической лексики данной специальности. Владение языком специальности является
важной составляющей коммуникативной компетенции студентов.
Чтение текстов по специальности способствует усвоению языкового
материала и расширению представлений о профессии. Способность будущего специалиста реализовывать коммуникативные навыки в устной
и письменной форме является неотъемлемой частью его языковой компетентности. Достигнутый при освоении материалов учебного пособия уровень владения английским языком будет способствовать пониманию и анализу литературы по специальности. Систематические занятия позволят
поддерживать уровень языковых знаний и умений вне языковой среды.
Освоение и совершенствование коммуникативно-речевых компетен-
ций оказывает огромное влияние на возможности самореализации и профессионального роста.
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