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Файл:Английский язык для психологов. Учебное пособие
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3. Responsible leaders are expected to be concerned with making a healthy
work environment.
4. Happy employees are said to be good employees.
5. A healthy diet is scientifically proven to affect our physical condition.
6. Green tea is considered to improve brain functions.
7. Industrial psychology is believed to be dated in the early 20th century.
8. The Internet is sure to have changed communication dramatically.
9. Industrial psychology proves to be widely practiced by governments.
10. Employees are believed to discuss all aspects of controversial issues
openly if atmosphere in the company is friendly.
Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
for + существительное (общ. падеж) / местоимение (обьект. падеж)
+ инфинитив.
На русский язык конструкцию переводят придаточным предложением.
Everybody waited for the meeting to start. Все ждали, когда начнется
собрание.
Here is a document for you to sign. Вот документ, который вам нужно
подписать.
Ex. 21. Translate the sentences paying attention to the for + сущ. + инфи-
нитив.
1. They waited for her to speak.
2. The instruction is for employees to follow.
3. This is the right decision for you to make.
4. The company does the best for employees feel comfortable and work
better.
5. They’ve done enough for you to work with pleasure.
6. It is very important for you to select employees that best fit their com-
pany.
7. The best thing for you to do is to follow dress code.
41
8. It is important for the company to produce modern office furniture.
9. They created healthy environment for people to work with pleasure.
10. It is essential for leaders to deal effectively with high levels of stress.
Ex. 22. Make sentences with Infinitive Constructions using the examples.
Translate them.
1. Industrial psychology proves to be widely practiced by governments.
(to be dated in the 20th century; to be interested in worker well-being).
2. We see working environment to impact employees’ creativity. (dress
code – to create a positive image of the company; dress code – to create
a healthy work culture).
3. Clothing that reveals too much of cleavage, back, chest, arms, and legs
is considered to be inappropriate. (organizational psychology – to be a diverse
field; creative freedom in dressing – to prevent monotony).
4. Psychology is known to be divided into many disciplines. (organizational psychology – to apply the principals of psychology; healthy environment – to
improve the quality of the working experience of individuals).
5. The company is expected to have good results. (organizational psychol-
ogy – to create change within the business world; your resume – to be printed in
a few minutes).
6. We would like the impact to be positive. (people – to be affected by
work in a healthy way; you – to organize a leisure area in the office).
7. Make them feel free to express thoughts and share impressions. (to re-
design working environments for better; to dress in a way they like for one day
in a week).
8. The chief manager wants us to think of new ideas for the office. (us – to
follow the same dress code; his employees – to work better).
9. Some companies allow employees to wear T-shirts оn weekends or ex-
tra working hours. (workers – to choose an alternative workspace; workers – to
spend a day outside the office).
10. It is essential for employees to stay focused on their work. (manage-
ment – to take care of healthy environment; people – feel happy).
42
VOCABULARY TEST № 2
1)
environment
a)
отношения
2)
achievement
b)
правильный, надлежащий
3)
condition
c)
результаты, показатели
4)
opportunity
d)
возможность, удобный случай
5)
competitive
e)
щедрый, великодушный
6)
performance
f)
событие, мероприятие
7)
event
g)
обстановка, атмосфера
8)
proper
h)
состояние
9)
relations
i)
конкурентоспособный
10)
generous
j)
достижение
Ex. 1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.
Ex. 2. Find the synonym to the underlined word.
1) achievement 1. success
2. loss
3. failure
2) an opportunity 1. inability
2. a chance
3. impossibility
3) cozy 1. uncomfortable
2. comfortable
3. inhospitable
4) a coworker 1. an opponent
2. a colleague
3. an opposer
5) to collaborate 1. to cooperate
2. to compete
3. to rival
43
Ex. 3. Find the word which is not synonymous to the underlined word.
1) friendly work environment 1. positive work environment
2. healthy work environment
3. toxic work environment
2) goal 1. aim
2. avoidance
3. target
3) proper 1. right
2. correct
3. wrong
4) leisure 1. relaxation
2. work
3. spare time
5) significant 1. important
2. essential
3. secondary
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct word combination.
A healthy diet; a proper workplace; a day outside the office; team building;
career growth.
1. … is scientifically proven to affect our physical condition, so people
should take care of nutrition.
2. Take care of employees health by organizing … .
3. … enhances social relations between staff members, creating the posi-
tive working environment between them.
4. Self-development is essential for our… .
5. Give your employees a chance to spend … and choose an alternative
workspace for that time.
44
UNIT III
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
Starting point
Ex. 1. Look through the passage with the key ideas of the Unit. Suggest the
problems to be discussed in it.
Some I-O psychologists develop methods for personnel selection and training, while others analyze managers’ styles and effectiveness or study ways to
improve workplace morale, job satisfaction, and productivity.
Practical organizational psychology is currently paying considerable attention to human behavior as an employee of the organization. Psychologists give
answers to questions about the compatibility of employees, their working potential, their attitude to work, and the peculiarities of behavior in various professional situations.
The behavior of people in an organization is due to a system of various factors, both external circumstances and internal, relating to the mental life of
a person. Each organization is a unique sociocultural education that lives according to its own internal patterns. Each organization forms a certain way of
thinking and certain ways of behavior of workers. To explain and predict the
behavior of people in an organization, knowledge about the typological characteristics of employees is recognized as interesting and important.
One of the important principles of psychology is that each person is individual. Each person has his own values, character and life experience, different
abilities to learn and resolve stress, as well as attitudes to different issues, beliefs and motives. However, the behavior of individuals is largely determined
by the goals and objectives that the organization sets itself, and the requirements that it makes to the individual. A person who has come to work in an organization assumes a number of restrictions on his behavior, dictated by the
regulations, the norms of this organization, the corporate code of conduct.
45
Active Vocabulary
1.
agreeableness
[əˈɡriːəblnəs]
psychol. доброжелательность,
конформность
2.
anxiety
[æŋˈzaɪəti]
беспокойство
3.
cognitive
[ˈkɒɡnətɪv]
познавательный
4.
conscientiousness
[ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs]
добросовестность, сознательность
5.
controversial
[ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl]
спорный
6.
co-worker
[ˌkəʊˈwɜːkə]
коллега
7.
domain
[dəʊˈmeɪn[
область, сфера
8.
depression
[dɪˈpreʃn]
депрессия
9.
empathic
[ˌem.pəˈθetɪk]
эмпатический, умеющий поставить себя на место другого,
сопереживающий; чуткий
10.
extroversion
[ˌekstrəˈvɜːʃn]
psychol. экстраверсия, экстравертность; сосредоточенность
на внешних предметах
11.
excitement
[ɪkˈsaɪtmənt]
возбуждение, волнение
12.
feedback
[ˈfiːdbæk]
ответная реакция, отклик
13.
foresight
[ˈfɔːsaɪt]
предусмотрительность, прозорливость
14.
foreseeable
[fɔːˈsiːəbl]
предвидимый; в обозримом будущем
15.
gregarious
[ɡrɪˈɡeəriəs]
общительный
16.
incentive
[ɪnˈsentɪv]
стимул
17.
individual
[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]
n. личность, индивидуаль-
ность, тип; adj. отдельный,
одиночный; индивидуальный
18.
inquisitive
[ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv]
любознательный
19.
irritability
[ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪləti]
раздражительность
20.
introversion
[ˌɪntrəˈvɜːʃn]
psychol. сосредоточенность на
самом себе, на своих внутренних переживаниях
Ex. 2. Listen to the teacher and say the words after him. Remember the
words.
46
21.
locus
[ˈləʊkəs]
место; центр, средоточие
22.
moody
[ˈmuːdi]
легко поддающийся переменам
настроения; унылый, угрюмый
23.
neuroticism
[njʊəˈrɒt.ɪ.sɪ.zm]
psychol. невротизм
24.
Personality psychology
[ˌpɜːsənˈæləti
saɪˈkɒlədʒi]
psychol. психология личности
25.
propensity
[prəˈpensəti]
склонность
26.
psychoticism
[psychoticism]
psychol. психотизм
27.
self-esteem
[ˌselfɪˈstiːm]
самоуважение
28.
self-regulation
[ˌselfˌreɡjəˈleɪʃn]
саморегулирование
29.
span
[spæn]
интервал, промежуток времени
30.
subtle
[ˈsʌtl]
тонкий, неуловимый, хитроумный, ловкий
31.
surgency
[ˈsɜːdʒənsɪ]
psychol. динамизм
32.
sympathetic
[ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk]
относящийся с сочувствием
(с одобрением)
33.
taxonomy
[tæk’sɔnəmɪ]
описание; классификация, систематизация
34.
to argued
[ɑːɡjuː]
спорить
35.
to avoid
[əˈvɔɪd]
избегать
36.
to discriminate
[dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt]
дискриминировать, быть
настроенным против коголибо; различать
37.
to emerge
[ɪˈmɜːdʒ]
появляться, возникать
38.
to revitalize
[riːˈvaɪtəlaɪz]
оживлять
39.
to supervise
[ˈsuːpəvaɪz]
наблюдать, руководить
40.
to validate
[ˈvælɪdeɪt]
признавать действительным,
подтверждать
41.
thoughtful
[ˈθɔːtfl]
задумчивый, внимательный,
заботливый
42.
trait
[treɪt]
черта, особенность
43.
unquestionably
[ʌnˈkwestʃənəbli]
бесспорно
47
Word Study
1)
спорить
a)
unquestionably
2)
познавательный
b)
foresight
3)
признавать действительным
c)
irritability
4)
оживлять
d)
cognitive
5)
стимул
e)
gregarious
6)
ответная реакция
f)
argued
7)
предусмотрительность
g)
feedback
8)
центр
h)
revitalize
9)
общительный
i)
domain
10)
бесспорно
j)
incentive
11)
раздражительность
k)
locus
12)
область, сфера
l)
validate
Ex. 3. Match Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 4. Read sentences with new words and translate them. Check how
much you have remembered.
1. Marks and comments on assignments provide feedback to students.
2. The evidence does seem to validate his claim.
3. The increased demand for organic produce was not foreseeable ten years
ago.
4. He subtly mentioned his sister was looking for a job.
5. This is a subject that has now moved into the social domain.
6. Religious concerns were unquestionably a factor.
7. Certain personality traits may be inherited from our parents.
8. She suffered a lot from depression after the death of her husband.
9. The long wait only added to our excitement.
10. They want to stimulate growth in the region by offering incentives to
foreign investors.
48
Ex. 5. Match the words from column A with their meanings from column B.
A B 1)
empathy
a)
the feeling of being excited
2)
depression
b)
the part of a person that makes them behave in a
particular way in social situations
3)
anxiety
c)
kind and showing that you consider that what other people want or need is important
4)
propensity
d)
the process of organizing similar things, especially
living things, into groups or types
5)
excitement
e)
the feeling that you are as important as other people and that you deserve to be treated well
6)
thoughtful
f)
a nervous or impatient feeling that you have because you want to do something very much or
want it to happen very much
7)
trait
g)
the ability to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them
8)
self-esteem
h)
a natural tendency to behave in a particular way
9)
personality
i)
a medical condition in which a person is so unhappy that they cannot live a normal life
10)
taxonomy
j)
particular quality in someone’s character
1.
analysis [əˈnæləsɪs]
17.
mechanism [mekənɪzəm]
2.
association [əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən]
18.
model [ˈmɒdəl]
3.
aspect [æspekt]
19.
orientation[ˌɔːrienˈteɪʃən]
4.
basis [ˈbeɪsɪs]
20.
personality [ˌpɜːsənˈæləti]
5.
collectivism [kəˈlektɪvɪzəm]
21.
popular [ˈpɒpjələr]
6.
control [kənˈtrəʊl]
22.
postulate [ˈpɒstʃəleɪt]
7.
dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk]
23.
potential [pəˈtenʃəl]
8.
effectiveness [ɪˈfektɪvnəs]
24.
process [ˈprəʊses]
9.
emotion [ɪˈməʊʃən]
25.
risk [rɪsk]
Ex. 6. Read the following international words and translate them into
Russian.
49
10.
energetic [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk]
26.
role [rəʊl]
11.
equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]
27.
standard [ˈstændəd]
12.
extremely [ɪkˈstriːmli]
28.
subject [ˈsʌbdʒekt]
13.
hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːki]
29.
tendency[ˈtendənsi]
14.
impulsive [ɪmˈpʌlsɪv]
30.
test [test]
15.
lexical [ˈleksɪkəl]
31.
theory[ˈθɪəri]
16.
limitation [ˌlɪm.ɪˈteɪʃən]
Ex. 7. Answer the questions before reading the text. Read the text and check
if you are right.
1. What is personality psychology?
2. What does personality psychology seek to do?
3. What do you know about Big Five (or Five Factor Model) model?
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PERSONALITY
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on under-
standing different aspects of human personality.
The field of personality psychology seeks to understand what causes dif-
ferent personality traits.
Personality psychology helps people better understand the factors that play
a role in personality. It also allows us to know more about how certain personality characteristics affect behavior.
For example, some traits are linked to higher levels of happiness and wellbeing. Some traits are connected to greater longevity while others have been
linked to an increased risk of illness.
According to the American Psychological Association, the study of personality focuses on two main areas.
The first involves studying how individuals differ in terms of different
personality characteristics.
The second focuses on understanding how the many different aspects of
personality function together to create a cohesive whole.
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