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Файл:The Academy of Art and Design. Учебное пособие
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III. Give English equivalents of the following words and expressions.
Цветовая гамма, внешность, сосуществовать, высокое качество,
лаконичный крой, классический стиль, утонченный образ, привлекательный,
романтичные фасоны, повседневная одежда, предпочтение, модная
индустрия, качество изделий, бюджетные бренды, индустрия моды, модный
стандарт, продукт индустрии моды, рынок модной одежды, модная
тенденция, модные инновации.
IV. Word formation exercise.
a) Use the words in capitals to form a new word that fits into each blank.
Fast Fashion is a process of rapid design, ____ MANUFACTURE___,
marketing, and ___RETAIL___ at a cheaper cost. The clothes’ lifetime is short, so
they make lots of waste which is not good for our environment.
The fast fashion business model is built on ___EFFICIENT___ and speed,
with merchants employing data and technology to ___REACTION___ to shifting
consumer tastes and launch new trends more swiftly than traditional stores. Global
supply networks are another tool used by fast fashion companies to get cheap
ingredients and produce clothing.
The popularity of fast fashion grew as a result of more
___ACCESSIBILITY___, quick manufacturing and shipping methods,
consumers’ increasing desire for modern clothing, and consumers’ increased
purchasing power, particularly among younger consumers to satiate these needs for
instant ___GRATIFY___. Due to all of the aforementioned reasons, fast fashion is
presenting a threat to the established clothing brands’ practice of systematically
releasing new collections and lines every season. Fast-fashion ___RETAIL___
frequently introduce new goods several times in a single week in order to stay up
to date.
Although fast fashion has been ___EFFECTIVITY___ in providing
consumers with reasonably priced and fashionable clothing, it has also come under
fire for its detrimental effects on the environment, its labor abuses, and its ethical
dilemmas. While the cheap costs are ___FREQUENT___ attained through the
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exploitation of workers in the global supply chain, the quick production of clothing
adds to waste and pollution. Fast fashion retailers have also been charged with
stealing designs from smaller, independent designers and failing to pay them fairly
for their clothing [21].
b) Read the text again. Guess if 1-5 below are true (T) or false (F).
1. The clothes’ lifetime is long, so they make lots of waste which is good for
our environment. T / F
2. The fast fashion business model is built on efficiency and speed. T / F
3. The popularity of fast fashion grew as a result of more inaccessible, slow
manufacturing and shipping methods. T / F
4. Fast-fashion retailers not frequently introduce new goods several times in
a single week in order to stay up to date. T / F
5. Fast fashion is presenting a threat to the established clothing brands’
practice of systematically releasing new collections and lines every season. T / F
V*. Translate the following sentences into English using the active
vocabulary of the Unit.
1. Большинство людей ассоциируют слово «мода» с Францией.
Действительно, это слово имеет французское происхождение, но корень
данного слова идёт от латинского слова «modus», которое означает: образ,
мера, правило, способ, предписание. Европейская культура и в частности
мода берут своё начало из античности.
2. Зарождение моды произошло во Франции в 14 веке. В то время
богатые женщины начинали носить большие конусные головные уборы. В
народе конусный головной убор называли шляпа с рогами. Спустя время
начали входить в моду бархат и шелк.
3. Законодателем стиля стала Венеция в 15 веке. Женщины носили
декольте, длинные шлейфы, особое внимание уделяли волосам, носили на
голове сложные высокие прически, добавляли шиньоны, подвязывая их
шарфами.
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4. В середине 16 века исчезает декольте, и появляются поднятые
воротники. В моду входят туфли и пышные юбки, настоящие модники и
модницы начали пользоваться парфюмом. Позже диктовать моду начинает
снова Франция. Появляются законы красоты, а весь мир берет пример с
француженок. Появляются первые издания стиля и моды. В 18-19 веке в
моду входят: мушки, парики, женские корсеты, стиль рококо.
5. Начиная с 20 века моду, начинают диктовать дизайнеры, а не
знатные и богатые люди. Появляются первые дома мод, со временем
начинается отказ от корсетов и длинных юбок. С 50-х годов женщины
начинают носить брюки наравне с мужчинами. В 70-х годах появляются
джинсы, в моду входит раскрепощенный стиль.
6. Сегодня мода достаточно актуальное явление. Человеку
необходимо соответствовать определенному социальному статусу, и именно
мода помогает правильно ориентироваться в создании своего стиля.
7. В отличие от моды, продиктованной брендами и дизайнерами,
стиль каждый выбирает себе сам. Он может формироваться под влиянием
разных факторов: социального статуса; вида деятельности; принадлежности
к какой-либо субкультуре; образа жизни; убеждений и личных вкусов.
8. Моду и стиль невозможно четко разграничить. За популярными
трендами стоит следить хотя бы для того, чтобы выбрать для себя
подходящие и адаптировать под свой стиль.
9. Мода уходит и возвращается. А стиль – это то, что человек
выбирает сам для себя. Стиль определяется вещами, которые подбираются в
соответствие друг к другу.
10. Мода меняется вместе с людьми. Происходит постепенный отказ
от штампов – определенные фасоны могут носить только люди с
модельными параметрами. Одежда стала универсальной и адаптивной.
Женская мода обретает комфорт, а мужская – разнообразие.
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VI. In pairs, discuss the statements below. Say what you think and ask
Agreement
Disagreement
I agree with you.
Yes, that is what I think too.
You are right!
Yes, but don’t you think…?
True, but I think…
I see what you mean, but…
your partner if he/she agrees or disagrees with you. Use the following phrases
to help you:
1. Following fashion is crucial. Do you agree or disagree?
2. Fashion trends are difficult to follow these days and it’s widely believed that
they primarily exist just to sell clothes. Some people believe that we shouldn’t
follow them and that we should dress in what we like and feel comfortable in.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3. People spend too much time and money on fashion. Do you agree or disagree?
Fashion quiz*
1. Who influenced women’s fashion in the 1960s?
a) Marilyn Monroe
b) Jacqueline Kennedy
c) Katharine Ross
2. What does Threadless sell?
a) shorts
b) jeans
c) T-shirts
3. What was Carnaby Street famous for in the 60's?
a) fashion center
b) fashion designer
c) fashion production
4. What is Vera Wang's signature style?
a) wedding
b) military
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c) navy
5. Which of these is Russian jewelry house?
a) Lydia Courteille
b) Faberge
c) Chopard
6. Who is the best known for high-heeled shoes with red-lacquered soles?
a) Rupert Sanderson
b) Manolo Blahnik
c) Christian Louboutin
7. Where would you wear Doc Martens?
a) on your feet
b) on the neck
c) on the head
8. What is the nationality of the fashion designer Kenzo?
a) Italian
b) Japanese
c) Cuban
9. Where would a ‘busby’ be worn?
a) on the head
b) on the leg
c) on the finger
10. What is a skirt shorts combo called?
a) scorts
b) jeans
c) T-shirt
Grammar section
I. Read the text and find sentences with the following tenses: Present
Simple; Present Continuous; Past Simple.
It’s my birthday tomorrow. I like my birthday, and tomorrow I will do my
best to celebrate it as it should be!
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All morning I will be preparing for the forthcoming party. I'll get up at 9
o'clock sharp and I’ll be in a good mood for sure! I'll be singing while I'm taking a
bath! I’ll be dancing while I'm getting dressed!
I’ll be drinking hot coffee when my parents call me. They always call me at
about 10. They'll congratulate me and I'll congratulate them. And we'll be telling
each other all sorts of nice things and Mum will be very pleased with it.
When I was a child, I used to be rude to my Mum because I didn’t like the
way she arranged my birthday parties. But now I’m sorry about it, and I always try
to talk to my Mum politely, even if I am not in the mood or I'm in a hurry.
Anyway, now I arrange birthday parties by myself so there is no reason to be sad
on my B-day.
I’ll be going shopping from about twelve till two. Then I'll clean and cook.
And if nobody helps, it will take me two hours. At six my friends will finally
come! We will have fun, play table games and chat!
II. Explain the difference between Present Simple; Present Continuous;
Past Simple (See Appendix with the rules and explanations).
III. Put the verb into the correct form.
A kimono (to be) a long traditional Japanese dress that (to wrap) around the
body and (to have) distinctively voluminous sleeves. It (to be) tied around at the
waist with the Obi belt. The elaborately tied Obi belt, which could be as long as 12
feet or more, (to be) another distinguishing feature of the Kimono. The Kimono
used to be decorated with the wearers’ family crest.
In Japan, a Kimono is worn by both men and women. The kimono’s roots
can be traced back over a thousand years to the Nara period (710-794) when Japan
(to be) heavily influenced by Chinese culture. The kimono’s basic structure and
straight-line cutting method (to be) established during this time.
It (to become) the traditional clothing around the late 700’s, and everyone in
Japan used to wear their Kimonos, all the time, men, women, and children. Since
then, Kimono (to undergo) many changes.
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Unit 2. HOW TO BECOME A FASHION DESIGNER
I. Read the text and answer the questions below.
Whether you're interested in mass-market, ready-to-wear, or high
fashion/haute couture, all fashion designers need the same basic comprehension of
art, design, and the fashion industry in order to succeed.
A fashion designer outlines, designs, and creates clothing garments. Fashion
designers, however, don’t just make clothes. They often apply cultural attitudes,
aesthetics, and inspirations to their designs. Designers also work in tandem with
other individuals in the fashion business, like stylists, merchandisers,
patternmakers, seamstress, costume designers, modeling agencies, design firms,
magazine editors, and more.
The fashion industry is an international multi-billion dollar business with
many sectors and career paths beyond traditional, prêt-à-porter design, including
fashion merchandising, eyewear, outerwear, sportswear, accessory design,
footwear, outerwear, handbags, and more.
Fashion, like all art forms, is a product of self-expression. Fashion is more
than just the clothing you wear, but the way it is worn and the visual story it tells.
Your job as a designer is to produce something other people will love
wearing. The exploratory process of sketching, selecting fabrics, or revising your
first muslin may spark a design idea for you, but inspiration may change as you
cast models, decide on hair and makeup, or plan how to show your collection on
the runway.
Every individual possesses a unique set of skills. As a fashion designer, the
skills below are essential to gain success in the industry.
1. Artistic ability and creativity. The most important skill for a fashion
designer or any artist is a natural talent. You want your art to be recognizable and
distinguishable. Many fashion designers had careers as architects, graphic
designers, or in other related fields before switching to fashion. Many artistic skills
are innate and can't be taught – however, formal classes and daily practice can help
you enhance your skillset.
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2. Communication skills. Any top fashion designer needs good
communication skills to develop their brand. Throughout your career, you may
have the opportunity to be a part of a design team or lead one of your own. When
working with teams, bring your research and ideas to the table instead of waiting
for direction. Listening is a large part of collaborating effectively. You aren't
building a collection alone. You have to hear what your teammates are saying in
order to provide feedback and push your designs to evolve.
3. Sewing and drawing skills. Sewing is a fundamental skill for any fashion
designer. Complete mastery of basic skills of fashion construction – such as
navigating a sewing machine – isn’t necessary, but it would behoove any budding
designer to develop an intimate knowledge of the craft involved in producing your
designs. Knowing about different fabrics and the properties that make them unique
will help you better select the right material for your garments.
4. Understanding of fabrics and materials. You can familiarize yourself with
the various elements of garment design by touching fabrics, changing the tension
of different stitches, and experimenting with embroidery. Take advantage of
resources such as technical classes, online tutorials, and craft books that walk you
step by step through the construction of a garment. Selecting fabric is an important
part of expressing your ideas. Touch and feel the fabrics you intend to work with;
making creative decisions based on only a swatch may limit your ability to
understand movement and draping on a human body.
Many fashion schools and degree programs in the United States, like
Parsons School of Design or Fashion Institute of Technology, have launched the
careers of successful designers, like Marc Jacobs. These programs give you the
tools and training to thrive in the business. However, you don't need a bachelor's
degree in fashion design to become a top designer. Successful fashion designers
without traditional design school degrees include Diane von Furstenberg, Karl
Lagerfeld, Michael Kors, Jean Paul Gautier, Alexander Wang, and Donna Karan.
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The career path to becoming a fashion designer doesn't happen overnight.
Though it can take years to break into the business, the following tips will help you
get started.
1. Get inspired. Pull inspiration from things you are genuinely interested in:
music, art, history, architecture, and especially people. With inspiration flowing,
use mood boards to organize and edit your thoughts. Your boards can consist of a
wide range of visual references, including editorial sources, street style, and
photographs (even if they aren’t related to fashion). You can also compile fabrics,
textures, colors, style references, and accessories.
2. Study fashion trends. While you don't need a fashion degree to design
clothes, it helps to have a fundamental knowledge of art, creation, and the fashion
business to get you started as a clothing designer. Take sewing or pattern-making
classes if you don't know how to physically create garments, or take a drawing
class if you’re unfamiliar with sketching or computer-aided design. Even classes in
fashion history can contribute to your design inspiration. Familiarize yourself with
the latest fashion trends by studying current fashion shows and magazines.
3. Start smart, not small. Your goal at the beginning of your career is to gain
as much experience as you can. Ask questions, reach out to collaborators, and seek
out mentors. Look for internships or entry-level positions to get closer to the
products you want to create and the customers you hope to serve. If you surround
yourself with people who share your excitement and drive, you will push each
other to create better products. And most people want to be around others who are
excited about what they’re doing.
4. Sketch your ideas. The first goal of a sketch is to begin visualizing the
design in your head. The second goal of a sketch is to create a blueprint for the
patternmaker to create your first muslin or prototype. These minimalistic, flat
drawings will communicate the technical elements of your idea, including darts
and seams, sleeve length, overall length, fit, shape, and more. You can indicate
what fabrics might be used for each garment by attaching a swatch to the page.
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This gives the patternmaker an idea of the weight or stiffness the garment should
have, and whether they are printed, patterned, or solid.
5. Hone your voice and signature style. You don’t have to stay within a
particular style, as long as you make thoughtful creative decisions that aid your
brand as a designer. All of your creative decisions in the design process – even the
details – tell a story.
6. Build your collection. Creating a collection is not a linear journey. You
can build a unified collection that presents a singular idea, or your collection can
be composed of a variety of looks representing different ideas all connected by
your design choices. These might be consistent proportions, colors, or even the
lack of color. You can allow for eclecticism and diversity within the spirit of your
collection. Focus your collection to display your point of view. If you choose to
limit the colors in your collection, you ought to vary your silhouettes, and vice
versa. You can ask your partners, peers, or friends to give their feedback on your
designs and how the pieces all fit together [14].
Discussion questions
1. What is a fashion designer?
2. Is it hard to be a fashion designer?
3. In your opinion, what are some important skills or traits for fashion designers?
4. What skills do you need to become a fashion designer?
5. Can you learn fashion design on your own?
6. Can you be a fashion designer if you can't draw?
7. Do you need talent for fashion design?
8. How long does it take to become a fashion designer?
9. What fashion designer should learn first?
10. What is the personality type of a fashion designer?
11. Is fashion designing only about clothes?
12. What are 4 main types of fashion designers?
13. Where can fashion designers work?
14. How long does it take to become a professional fashion designer?
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