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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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B.: The oldest and best-known universities are Oxford and
Cambridge Universities.
A.: What can you say about other universities of Great Britain?
B.: All other universities are fairly new.
A.: Which is the biggest of the new universities?
B.: The biggest of them is London University.
A.: What is London University made up of?
B.: London University is made up of a great variety of colleges
and other institutions including medical schools.
A.: What educational institution has faculties and departments?
B.: A university has.
A.: What are the common faculties?
B.: The most common faculties are arts, law, medicine, sci-
ence, and theology.
A.: What does the department include?
B.: The department includes engineering, economics, com-
merce, agriculture, music, and technology.
25. Make up dialogues of your own using dialogue 1 as a
model.
Situations.
You meet your friend who graduated from one of the Universi-
ties in Great Britain and talk to him about:
a) the University he went to;
b) what he liked and disliked about higher education of Great
Britain;
c) the difference between higher education of Great Britain and
that of Russia.
26. Practise dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2
Talking about Oxford University
John: Who is that scholarly-looking man who walked past and
smiled at you? Surely he isn’t an undergraduate.
Pete: No, that’s my tutor.
John: What is a tutor?
Pete: The tutorial system is one of the ways in which Oxford
and Cambridge differ from all the other English universities. Every
student has a tutor and as soon as you come to Oxford one of the first
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things you do is to go to see your tutor. He, more or less, plans your
work, suggests the books you should read and sets work for you to
do, for example an essay to write. Each week you go to him in his
room, perhaps with two or three other students, and he discusses with
you the work that you have done, criticises in detail your essay and
sets you the next week’s work.
John: Does the tutor also give lectures?
Pete: Yes, he may.
John: But aren’t lectures given by professors?
Pete: Yes, though professors don’t give a great many lectures.
They are often appointed not so much to do teaching work as to carry
on research in their particular subjects.
John: Can you go to any lecture you like, no matter whether it
is by a tutor or professor of your college or not?
Pete: Yes, I can. Lectures are organised not by the colleges but
by the university, and so any member of the university may attend,
for all students are members of the college and of the university. The
result is that where you get a famous professor, you will often find
that his lecture-room is crowded; a dull professor may have only a
handful of students.
John: You said that lectures were organised by the university.
Where is the University?
Pete: It must seem rather strange to you but there isn’t really
any university at Oxford as there is, for example, at Manchester or
Bristol or Edinburgh. Oxford (like Cambridge) is a collection of colleges, each self-governing and independent. “The University” is
merely an administrative body that organizes lectures, arranges examinations, gives degrees, etc.
John: What do you want to do when you leave Oxford?
Pete: What I would like more than anything else would be to
start a school in Oxford for teaching English to foreign students.
John: Well, I wish you like.
Pete: Thanks, John. But let’s walk on again; you’ve hardly
seen any of the colleges yet.
27. Using the above information, fill in the missing remarks
of the dialogue and act it.
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Dialogue 3
Anton: Hello, Mark. I’d like to ask you some questions about
higher education in Britain.
Mark: Oh, I’ll do it with great pleasure.
Anton: Who are lectures given by?
Mark: … .
Anton: Who are the students’ studies supervised by?
Mark: … .
Anton: What are advanced students engaged in?
Mark: … .
Anton: What degree may a student proceed to after three years
of study?
Mark: … .
Anton: What other degrees can a student get after a few years
more at the university?
Mark: … .
Anton: Is the education in the universities and colleges free of
charge?
Mark: … .
Anton: Thank you very much.
28. Practise dialogue 4.
Dialogue 4
Talking about proctors and “Bull-dogs”
at Oxford University
John: Who is that man in the cap and gown with those two
men in bowler hats behind him? Is he a tutor?
Pete: No, he’s a proctor. And the two men behind him are
“bull-dogs”. The proctor’s job is to keep discipline, to see that students aren’t out after midnight, or aren’t driving a car without having
first received permission from the proctor.
John: What punishment can the proctor give?
Pete: Students can be fined a sum of money, or, for a very se-
rious offence, they can be expelled.
John: And the “bull-dogs”, what are they for?
Pete: They are to catch the student if he tries to run away be-
fore his name can be taken.
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John: Oh, I see. Thanks a lot.
29. Make up and act dialogues considering the following
assignments.
1. Your classmate asks you about student life in Oxford or
Cambridge.
2. You explain the functions of the following members of the
university teaching staff:
a lecturer,
a reader,
a tutor,
a professor.
SECTION 4
LISTENING
30. Listen to the Text “Universities”. Answer the questions
that follow.
1. Are British universities open to everyone?
2. How is it possible to get a place at a British university?
3. Is the number of students on a particular course limited?
4. Why are drop-out and failure rates low?
5. What is the negative side of the system of higher education
in Britain?
6. Why have the numbers of school-leavers who went on to
university doubled over the last 20 years?
7. What do all universities in Britain differ in?
8. What are the most prestigious universities?
9. How do students make their choices about the university to
go to?
10. How do students pay for their study?
11. Are British universities popular with overseas students?
12. What does the Erasmus programme arrange?
13. Are all universities in Britain equal on status?
31. As you listen to the text, say which of these statements
are true and which are false.
1. The offer made by the university has nothing to do with
market forces.
2. Full-time students can’t have a job.
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3. Students don’t often see their teachers.
Faculties of modern universities.
The University of Stirling.
The University of Sussex.
The University of York.
The features of modern universities
4. Many British school leavers go on to universities.
5. Many cities have more than one university.
6. Prestigious universities have strengths and weaknesses.
7. Students prefer going to universities in their home cities.
32. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 4A of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
33. Retell the text about higher education in Britain.
34. Tell your classmates about Cambridge University based
on the information collected.
35. Listen to the Text “Modern Universities”. As you listen,
fill in the chart according to the following headings.
36. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 4B of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
37. Retell the text about modern universities in Great Britain.
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UNIT 5
HIGHER
EDUCATION
IN THE USA
SECTION 1
VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the Text
“The System of Higher education in the United States of America” and translate the given sentences.
1. go on v – продолжать
Go on with your work. She didn’t want to go on being a secre-
tary all her life, so she went back to college.
2. contain [kən′tein] v – содержать в себе, вмещать
I’ve lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
3. graduate school – аспирантура
graduate study – учеба в аспирантуре
It was in graduate school that she discovered the direction her
career would take. Graduate study at the University of Kansas prepares students as innovators and leaders who are ready to meet the
demands of industry, government, and our global society.
4. major (in) [′meidʒə] v – специализироваться по какому-
либо предмету
She majored in earth sciences at Arizona State University.
5. minor (in) [′mainə] v – изучать непрофилирующий пред-
мет (в качестве второй специальности)
I minored in Spanish in college.
6. freshman [′fre∫mən] n – студент-первокурсник
She is a freshman at Harvard.
7. sophomore [′sɔfəmɔ:] n – студент-второкурсник
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This summer, thirty-six bright, motivated sophomores will participate in the six-week course in African American studies.
8. junior [′dʒu:niə] n – студент предпоследнего курса
This programme is only for juniors.
9. senior [′si:niə] n – студент последнего курса
In the USA, a Senior is a student in the last (usually fourth)
year of college, university, or high school.
10. determine [di′tə:min] v – определять, устанавливать
People should be allowed to determine their own future.
11. average [′ævəridʒ] adj – средний, обычный, нормальный
Average earnings are around £20000 per annum. 40 hours is a
fairly average working week for most people.
12. add [æd] v – прибавлять, присоединять
addition [ə′di∫n] n – прибавление, увеличение, дополнение
in addition to – вдобавок, в дополнение к, кроме того
Chlorine is added to the water to kill bacteria. If you add all
these amounts together you get a huge figure. Twice a week the children are tested in basic mathematical skills such as addition. A secretary would be a welcome/useful addition to our staff. In addition to
his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.
13. train [′trein] v – обучать(ся), учить
training n – обучение
Isn’t Michael training to be a civil engineer? Few candidates
had received any training in management.
14. grow [′grəu] (grew, grown) v – расти, увенчиваться
growing adj – растущий, возрастающий
The company profits grew by 5% last year. There is growing
opposition to the latest proposals.
15. quality [′kwɔləti] n – качество
Their products are of very high quality.
16. mean [mi:n] (meant [ment]) v – значить; подразумевать
means [mi:nz] n – средство, способ
by means of – посредством
These figures mean that almost six percent of the working
population is unemployed. What do you mean by that remark? They
had no means of communication. She tried to explain by means of
sign language.
17. applicant for admission (entry) – абитуриент
We have had 600 applicants for admission this year.
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18. private [′praivət] adj – частный
a) a sophomore b) an undergraduate c) a graduate
d) a freshman e) a senior f) a postgraduate g) a junior
A
B
1. decrease
2. maximum
3. supplementary
4. discontinue
5. conceal
6. minor
7. public
8. remove
a. basic
b. mean
c. private
d. average
e. major
f. grow
g. add
h. go on
a) in addition to b) growing c) determine d) quality e) entry
f) community g) contain h) basic i) train j) by means of
The higher education system includes both private and public
universities. She has a small office that is used for private discussions.
19. community [kə′mju:nəti] college – местный «общин-
ный» колледж (двухгодичное среднее специальное учебное заведение)
A majority of students who head to community colleges after
high school say they plan to eventually get a four-year degree.
20. basic [′beisik] adj – основной
In this class, you will learn the basic principles of chemistry.
2. Match the words with the definitions below.
1. a student in the first year of study;
2. a student in the second year of study;
3. a student in the third year of study;
4. a student in the last year of study;
5. a student doing a Bachelor’s degree;
6. (BrE) a student doing his/her second degree;
7. (AmE) a student doing his/her second degree.
3. Match the pairs of antonyms from A and B and translate
them.
4. Replace the underlined words with the words below.
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1. This course aims to prepare students for middle and senior
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a. He is a graduate student.
b. Chris is a physics graduate.
c. Lorna is going to graduate from the University of Leeds.
a. She will major in philosophy at Harvard.
b. What is your major, English or French?
c. The USA is a major influence in the United Nations.
a. She took the train to Edinburgh.
b. I had to train hard for the race, running 60 miles a week.
c. The book describes the train of events.
a. He’s too mean to buy her a ring.
b. I’m sorry if I offended you – I didn’t mean any harm.
c. The mean of 5, 4, 10, and 15 is 8.5.
a. Enquiries to our office average 1,000 calls a month.
b. Prices have risen by an average of four percent.
c. I was just an average sort of student.
managerial positions. 2. This essay is not of an acceptable standard –
do it again. 3. Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat. 4. Here is
a list of questions that many applicants for admission ask to help
make the admission process easy for you. 5. She does a lot of work
besides her lectures. 6. We express our ideas using words. 7. An inquiry was set up to ascertain the cause of the accident. 8. In the United States, a junior college is a two-year post-secondary school whose
main purpose is to provide academic, vocational and professional
education. 9. An increasing number of people are returning to fulltime education. 10. We need to make fundamental changes to the
way in which we treat our environment.
5. Read and translate the following groups of sentences
paying attention to the words in italics which can function as a
noun and a verb, or a verb and an adjective, or a noun and an
adjective, with the same form. They can have similar or different
meanings. Look up your dictionary if necessary.
6. Define parts of speech. Translate the words.
1. contain – container – containerize – containment;
2. add - - added – addition – additional – additionally – additive;
3. train – trainable – trainee – trainer – training;
4. quality – qualitative – qualitatively;
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5. apply – applied – applicant – application – applicable;
Harvard University Campus
quality of research facilities, the
number and competence of applicants
for admission.
Colleges and universities (either public or private) are supported by public
funds or privately. The average
course is four years. During the first
two years students follow a basic pro-
6. private – privacy;
7. basic – basically – basics.
SECTION 2
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. Read and translate Text 5A “The System of Higher Education in the United States of America”.
TEXT 5A
THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
After leaving secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on to higher education. American institutions of higher education include: technical training schools, community colleges, colleges offering four-year Bachelor’s degree programmes, and universities which contain one or more colleges and graduate schools offering Master’s or Doctoral degree programmes. The factors determining an institution’s prestige are the quality of the teaching faculty,
gramme. It means that every student must select at least one
course from each of the basic fields of study: English, science, modern languages, history or physical education. After the first two years
every student majors in one subject and minors in another one. In
addition to major and minor courses s/he can select other subjects
according to the professional interest.
After four years of study students get the degrees of Bachelor
of Science (B.S.), Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.), Bachelor of Letters (B.L.) or Bachelor of Arts (B.A.). Then students may go on
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