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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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4. correspond – correspondence – correspondent – corresponding – correspondingly;
5. educate – educator – education – educational – educationalist;
6. complete – incomplete – completeness – completely – completion;
7. employ – employable – unemployable – employee – employer – employment – unemployment;
8. lecture – lecturer – lectureship.
SECTION 2
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. Read and translate Text 1A “V.G. Shukhov Belgorod
State Technological University”.
TEXT 1A
V.G. SHUKHOV BELGOROD STATE
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University was founded in 1970 and since that time it has grown significantly. Now it offers a wide range of academic courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, enabling students to be successful in the current job
market.
The academic activity is conducted across some 60 departments which are arranged into nine institutes:
the Institute of Architecture and Building Engineering;
the Institute of Information Technologies and Operating Systems;
the Institute of Building Materials Science and Technospheric
Safety;
the Institute of Production Equipment and Machine Building
Engineering;
the Institute of Economics and Management;
the Institute of Transportation Technology;
the Institute of Power Engineering;
the Institute of Distance Learning;
the Institute of Correspondence Learning.
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There are about 25,000 students doing Bachelor’s, Specialist’s,
V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State
Technological University
construction industry: mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, economists, civil engineers, architects,
computer engineers, ecologists and
others.
There are a lot of laboratories at the
University. They are fitted with up-todate equipment and instruments to
provide a high level of training. They
are of great help to the students.
Here our students carry out their experiments and do research work.
Master’s, and Doctoral degree courses at the University. Correspondence and distance learning programmes specifically tailored to
the needs of those who work are also available. A lot of professionals
do the refresher course here. With 800 foreign students, representing
nations across the world – from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin
America, the University is a truly multicultural higher educational
institution.
Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University is justifiably proud of its teaching. More than 600 professors and lecturers
work at it. The University trains highly-skilled specialists for the
The University library provides the students with access to
thousands of research and learning resources in print and online.
They can borrow course books, manuals, journals and literature on
the subjects they are interested in. There are some reading rooms
suited to different styles of learning.
The students of all abilities, from complete beginners to athletes, make the most of the University sports facilities including a
few large well-equipped gyms, sports grounds, and a swimming
pool.
The students studying away from home are accommodated in
the halls of residence located on the university campus. The students
can organise most of their day-to-day needs without leaving the
campus which includes the Library and Computer Centre, academic
buildings, catering and social facilities, like the Palace of Culture.
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The academic year runs from September to June, and it is divided into two terms. A Bachelor’s degree course takes four academic years to complete, a Specialist’s degree course – five academic
years, and a Master’s degree course – two academic years.
According to the University curriculum the four-year period is
divided into: 1) one year of general study when our students are
taught different subjects of general nature, for example, Strength of
Materials, Theoretical Mechanics, History of Russia, Foreign Languages, Descriptive Geometry and some others; and 2) three years of
professional training when our students learn special subjects, quite
necessary for their future profession. Our students take end-of-term
tests and examinations twice a year. If the students who don’t pay for
their studies pass them successfully, they are granted monthly scholarships. During the terms, our students have to attend lectures and
seminars, carry out laboratory tests and do practical work. At the end
of the period of study, every student writes and gets ready a graduation paper and then defends it in the presence of the examiners’
body. Soon the defence is over and the former student becomes an
engineer with a University diploma.
The University offers a postgraduate course leading to a Doctor’s (Candidate) degree. It takes three academic years to complete.
At present about 300 postgraduate students take it.
Every year a lot of young engineers graduate from the University. They work at plants, factories, research institutes, design offices, carry out research work, create new types of materials, or work
out new methods of production processes. The construction industry
needs such experts and always gladly receives them.
Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University is committed to producing the professionally minded and skilled graduates that
employers want. The University educates the students to be creative,
innovative and well equipped for the twenty-first century. Strong
industry links have a positive impact on the employability of the
graduates.
8. What would you say if you took part in the following dia-
logue? Use the information given in Text 1A. Act the dialogue.
A.: When was Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University founded?
B.: … .
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A.: What institutes are there at the University?
B.: … .
A.: How many departments does the University have?
B.: … .
A.: How many students study at the University?
B.: … .
A.: What academic programmes does the University offer?
B.: … .
A.: What are the periods of study for the academic pro-
grammes?
B.: … .
A.: What can you say about the teaching staff?
B.: … .
A.: What specialists does the University train?
B.: … .
A.: What are the University laboratories like?
B.: … .
A.: Where can the students borrow literature for their studies?
B.: … .
A.: Are there any facilities for the students to go in for sports?
B.: … .
A.: Where do the students studying away from home live?
B.: … .
A.: What does the University campus include?
B.: … .
A.: What is the university committed to?
B.: … .
9. Put questions to which these are the answers. The im-
portant words in the answer are italicized. Act the dialogue.
A.: … ?
B.: Foreign students admitted to the University represent nations across the world – from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America.
A.: … ?
B.: The four-year period of study is divided into one year of
general study and three years of professional training.
A.: … ?
B.: There are two terms in the academic year.
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A.: … ?
B.: The students take end-of-term tests and examinations twice
a year.
A.: … ?
B.: If the students who don’t pay for their studies pass their
tests and examinations successfully, they are granted monthly schol-
arships.
A.: … ?
B.: When the period of study is over, every student writes, gets
ready and then defends a graduation paper.
A.: … ?
B.: A postgraduate course leading to a Doctor’s (Candidate)
degree takes three academic years to complete.
A.: … ?
B.: Young engineers who graduate from the University work at
plants, factories, research institutes and design offices.
A.: … ?
B.: They carry out research work, create new types of materials or work out new methods of production processes.
10. Comment on the picture given in the text.
11. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell
it in English.
12. Read Text 1B “Reasons for Going to University”. Give
a brief overview of its structure and contents in English.
TEXT 1B
REASONS FOR GOING TO UNIVERSITY
At one point or another in their secondary school lives, students are faced with one big question: should they go to university?
Some students decide not to go. They might think that higher education is not necessary for them or that they have something more
meaningful to do. Other students decide to go to university. Although
these students all think that it is worth spending the next four years in
classrooms, the reason why they think so might be different. Students
go to university for a variety of reasons: academic interest, future
career, or social life.
15
First, many students attend university to study a particular subject in depth. University curriculums allow students to choose a major. This is a significant difference from secondary schools, which
require students to take a wide range of classes regardless of their
interests. Moreover, universities offer a number of specialised courses in one discipline, and these courses are taught by experts in the
fields. Thus, for example, students who are interested in politics can
major in political science and take courses about the political system,
political philosophy, comparative politics, and other specific topics
related to politics. In addition, universities have various research facilities that help students learn, such as libraries, laboratories, and
computer rooms. Such curriculums, courses, faculty, and facilities
enable students to pursue their academic goals in the field of their
choice, and this is one of the reasons why they go to university.
Another common reason for going to university is that a university education often leads to a better career in the future. In many
countries, companies tend to look for university graduates to fill positions that have greater responsibility and higher pay, such as managers and supervisors. Furthermore, for certain professions including
doctors, lawyers, and school teachers, a university degree is a requirement. In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real
world. For example, they offer courses in accounting, data processing, and foreign languages, as well as internship programmes in
which students can experience working in a company and learning
business skills. In short, some students attend university because a
university degree and the practical skills they can acquire will bring
them better employment opportunities in the future.
Finally, for some students, making friends and enjoying an active social life can be a sufficient reason to stay in university for another four years. In universities, students have the chance to meet
people who come from different places with diverse backgrounds.
They might be in the same class with students who work while attending university, or students who come from other countries. In
addition, universities have a variety of clubs and student organisations, such as sports teams, and hobby groups. By joining them, students can spend time with others who have similar interests. Thus,
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universities can be places to meet a diverse group of people and foster relationships, and these opportunities attract some students to
higher education.
In conclusion, students may have different reasons for going to
university. For many of them, the main reason is to explore the academic field they are interested in. However, some students attend
university to gain an advantage in the job market in the future. Others go to university to meet people with different backgrounds and
develop friendships. Regardless of the reason, it is important for students to remember why they are in university and do their best to
achieve their goals.
13. Answer the following questions.
1. What big problem are most secondary school leavers faced?
2. Do all school students want to go to university? If not, why?
3. What are the main reasons for students to attend university?
4. What is the difference between a school curriculum and a
university one?
5. What can a university education lead to?
6. Can university students acquire any practical skills?
7. What is a university social life like?
8. What is important for students to remember when they are in
university?
14. Retell the parts of the text in which these words and
phrases are used. Use these phrases in short stories of your own.
It is worth going to university, for a variety of reasons, to study
a particular subject, to take a specialised course, to be interested in,
research facilities, to pursue academic goals, a university degree, a
better career, to acquire skills, a sufficient reason, a variety of student
organisations, to explore an academic field, to do one’s best.
15. Discuss the text in pairs. Use the pattern below as a
model and guidelines.
A.: It has been stated in the text that some students decide not
to go to university because they are of the opinion that they have
something more meaningful to do.
B.: I think it’s debatable. As a matter of fact a university de-
gree is a requirement for future career.
A.: As far as I know from the text …, etc.
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16. Find the key sentence in each paragraph expressing the
bridges and buildings, Shukhov was the inventor
of a new family of doubly-curved structural
forms. These forms based on non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry are known today as hyperboloids of revolution. Shukhov developed not only
many varieties of light-weight hyperboloid towers and roof systems, but also the mathematics
for their analysis.
Vladimir Shukhov was born in the town of
Graivoron, Belgorod uyezd, Kursk guberniya (in
present-day Belgorod oblast) in a petty noble
V.G. Shukhov
main idea.
17. Retell the text according to the plan made up.
18. Read Text 1C “Vladimir G. Shukhov” and tell the class
what information is new to you.
TEXT 1C
VLADIMIR G. SHUKHOV
The University I go to is named after V.G. Shukhov. Vladimir
Grigoryevich Shukhov (1853 – 1939) was a great Russian engineer,
scientist and architect renowned for his pioneering works on new
methods of analysis for structural engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design. Besides the innovations he brought
to the oil industry and the construction of numerous
family. His father Grigory Shukhov was a minor government official. In 1864 Vladimir went to St. Petersburg gymnasium which he
finished with distinction in 1871. During his high school years he
showed mathematical talents, once demonstrating to his classmates
and teacher an original proof of the Pythagorean theorem.
After finishing gymnasium, Shukhov was admitted to the Imperial Moscow Technical School. In 1876 he graduated from school
with distinction. Shukhov was proposed a job as a lecturer in mathematics at the Imperial Moscow Technical School, but he decided to
seek a job in industry instead.
Thereupon Shukhov went to Philadelphia to work on the Russian pavilion at the World’s Fair and to study the inner workings of
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the American industry. In 1877 Shukhov returned to Russia and
joined the drafting office of the Warsaw-Vienna railroad. Within
several months, Shukhov’s frustration with standard and routine engineering made him abandon the office and join the Military Medical
Academy. On his coming to Russia in 1877, he gave up his medical
education and assumed the office of Chief Engineer in a new company specialising in innovative engineering. Shukhov’s works revolu-
tionised many areas of civil engineering, ship engineering, and oil
industry.
After the October Revolution Shukhov decided to stay in the
Soviet Union despite having received alluring job offers from around
the world. Many important Soviet engineering projects of the 1920s
were associated with his name. In 1919 he framed his slogan: “We
should work independently from politics. Buildings, boilers, beams
are needed and so are we”. In the later 1930s he retired from engineering work. Shukov died on February 2, 1939 in Moscow and was
buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
As a leading specialist of metallic structures (hyperboloid
structures, thin-shell structures, tensile structures), he may be com-
pared with Gustave Eiffel. Shukhov’s innovative and exquisite con-
structions still grace many towns across the former Russian Empire:
– about 200 original towers all over the world, the most famous ones being the 160-meter-high Shukhov Tower in Moscow
(1922);
– spacious elongated shop galleries, bridged with innovative
metal-and-glass vaults, notably the Upper Trade Rows on Red
Square, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and Petrovka Passage;
– truss-supported metal framework for the Central Universal
Store in Moscow (1906–08);
– more than 180 bridges across the Volga, Yenisey, Dnieper,
and other rivers.
19. Read the following statements and say if they are right
or wrong. The following phrases may be helpful:
Quite so. Exactly. It’s (partly) true. Just the opposite. I don’t
think so. I can’t agree with you.
1. V.G. Shukhov was a great Russian civil engineer.
2. The structural forms he invented are called bridges.
3. V.G. Shukhov was only famous for his theoretical ideas.
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4. He finished gymnasium in St. Petersburg.
5. He was good at biology at gymnasium.
6. After graduating from the Imperial Moscow Technical
School he worked as a lecturer in mathematics.
7. V.G. Shukhov went to America to study civil engineering
development there.
8. He joined the Military Medical Academy because he didn’t
like routine engineering.
9. After the Revolution Shukhov decided to return to America.
10. His works revolutionised many areas of oil industry.
11. His slogan says that we can’t work without being involved
in politics.
12. Shukhov’s works can be seen in many foreign countries.
20. Using the information from reference books, the Inter-
net and the above text, speak on the following subjects.
1. Shukhov’s family and childhood.
2. Shukhov’s educational background and professional career.
3. Shukhov’s work in America.
4. Shukhov’s pioneering structural works.
5. Shukhov tower in Moscow.
21. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell
it in English.
SECTION 3
SPEAKING
22. Practise dialogue 1.
Dialogue 1
Meeting a Friend
Peter: Hello, Nick.
Nick: Hello, Peter. Haven’t seen you for ages.
Peter: What are you doing here? Are you a student of this uni-
versity?
Nick: Oh, yes. I’ve finished secondary school this year and de-
cided to go to university to do a civil engineering course here.
Peter: Glad to hear that. As you know, I’m a third-year student
of this University.
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