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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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TEXT 3C
THE BOLOGNA PROCESS
The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and
agreements among European countries designed to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications.
Through the Bologna Accords, the process has created the European
Higher Education Area, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition
Convention. It is named after the place it was proposed, the University of Bologna, with the signing of the Bologna declaration by Education Ministers from 29 European countries in 1999, in the spirit of
European integration.
It was opened up to other countries signatory to the European
Cultural convention of the Council of Europe. Further governmental
meetings were held in Prague (2001), Berlin (2003), Bergen (2005),
London (2007), and Leuven (2009).
The Bologna Process currently has 47 participating countries.
It constitutes an intergovernmental agreement between both EU and
non-EU countries. Therefore, it does not have the status of EU legislation. Also, as the Bologna Declaration is not a treaty or convention,
there are no legal obligations for the signatory states. The extent of
participation and cooperation is completely voluntary.
The European Commission plays an increasingly important
role in the implementation of the Process. The Commission has supported several European projects connected to quality assurance etc.
The system has an undergraduate and postgraduate division, with a
Bachelor’s degree in the former and a Master’s and doctorate in the
latter.
The Russian higher education framework was basically incompatible with the Process: the generic “lowest” degree in all universities in the former Soviet Union was the Specialist which could
be obtained after completing 5 – 6 years of studies. Since the mid90s, many universities have introduced limited educational programmes allowing students to graduate with a Bachelor’s degree (4
years) and then earn a Master’s degree (another 2 years) while preserving the old 5 – 6 years’ scheme. In October 2007 Russia enacted
a move to two-tier education in line with the Bologna Process model.
The transition to real BSc (Bachelor of Science) and MS (Master of
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Science) qualifications has been completed. A Specialist’s degree in
some courses is still continued. It is worth mentioning that Master’s
and Spesialist’s degree holders are eligible for postgraduate courses,
Bachelor’s are not.
Note:
Bologna [bə′ləunjə] – Болонья, город на севере Италии, административный центр одноименной провинции, а также региона Эмилия-Романья. Старейший университетский центр Европы: Болонский университет был основан в 1088 г.
18. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the Bologna Process?
2. What is this Process named after?
3. How many countries does the Bologna Process have?
4. How do these countries participate in it?
5. What is the role of the European Commission in the Pro-
cess?
6. Was Russian higher education compatible with the Process?
7. How did it change in line with the Bologna Process model?
19. Consider the following statements and say if you agree
or disagree with them. Use the introductory phrases from the
previous units.
1. The Bologna declaration was signed by Education Ministers
to make European higher education unified.
2. The Bologna Process was only open to the European Union
countries.
3. The countries which signed the Bologna declaration don’t
have any legal obligations.
4. The Bologna Process system of higher education includes
Bachelor’s, Specialist’s, Master’s and doctorate degrees.
5. In the former Soviet Union, the first university degree was a
Bachelor’s degree.
6. A Specialist’s degree was not preserved in Russian higher
education after introduction of the Bologna Process model.
7. The transition to the Bologna Process model hasn’t been
completed in Russia yet.
8. Bachelor’s degree holders are eligible for postgraduate
courses.
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9. Master’s degree students can apply to take a doctorate (PhD)
course.
20. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell
it in English.
21. Using the information from some reference books or
the Internet, speak on the following topics.
1. The countries of the former Soviet Union in the Bologna
Process.
2. Russia in the Bologna Process.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of the Bologna Process model as compared with the previous system of higher education in Russia.
22. Based on the information given in the texts of Unit 3
speak on higher education Russia.
SECTION 3
SPEAKING
23. Practise dialogue 1.
Dialogue 1
The University Open Day
The Dean and some lecturers welcome candidates seeking ad-
mission and answer their questions.
A.: I’d like to take a correspondence course. What can you tell
me about it?
Dean: A correspondence course is an educational course that
you take at home, receiving your work and sending it back by post or
by email. Students anywhere can take classes without having to
physically be present at the university. The lecturer will grade the
material, and then send on the next assignment. It perfectly suits the
particular needs for those students who work.
B.: We’ve heard that there are a lot of well-equipped laborato-
ries at your University. Will we be able to study and work there?
Dean: Certainly, you will. You will even have to do it; other-
wise you won’t be able to do your laboratory tests and works. Be-
sides it will help you to improve your professional skills. I’m sure
you will do your best to get very good results working in the laboratories.
53
A.: Will I be able to borrow books from the University library
being a correspondence student?
Dean: Yes, you will have to join our library. It is well-stocked
with books from the list of the recommended works for students. The
library working hours are convenient for those who work as well as
study.
B.: Are there any student societies at the University?
Dean: There certainly are. We have student clubs, which are
extremely popular with the students of our institute, especially firstyear students. So we hope that you will take part in the activities of
our discussion and theatrical groups or the department. Of course,
there are a lot of sports clubs among which you can find something
to your liking. In senior years, if you are interested in research work,
you will be able to join research societies.
A.: I’ve heard that there is a museum in the main building of
the University. What is this museum like?
Dean: You are right. There is a museum in the main building.
It is the University History Museum. Among its exhibits, there are
some documents, photos and instruments.
A.: Where can we hand in our applications?
Dean: The Admission Board Department will take them from
June 20th till July 31st.
24. Make up dialogues of your own using dialogue 1 as a
model.
Situations:
a) You are an applicant for entry. Put some more questions in
addition to the above about admission requirements.
b) You meet your foreign friend. Talk to him about the system
of higher education in Russia.
25. Practise dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2
Talking about Studies
Two friends, Ivan and Paul, meet in the library. They haven’t
seen each other for along time. Ivan is a full-time student and Paul is
a correspondence student.
Ivan: Hallo, Paul, old chap! Haven’t seen you for ages. How
are you getting on?
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Paul: I’m very glad to see you! Everything is O.K. Well, Ivan,
I suggest we should go to a café and talk.
Ivan: No objections. But first tell me, old man, what are you
doing here? You look so anxious as though you are solving a very
serious problem.
Paul: Right you are, Ivan. I’m a correspondence student of the
University. They send me a lot of written assignments and demand
that everything should be done on time. I’m busy like hell, you
know…
Ivan: So am I! The difference is that you don’t have to attend
classes. You can manage your time more freely than me.
Paul: There are pros and cons about it. As for me, I prefer the
type of study I’ve chosen. Well, enough of that! Let’s go, old chap.
26. Using dialogue 2 as a model, make up a dialogue of
your own about two friends discussing pros and cons of full-time
and correspondence or distance learning education.
27. Practise dialogue 3.
Dialogue 3
Studying for Exams
Shawn: Hi, Kim.
Kim: Hey, Shawn, good to see you again.
Shawn: How have you been?
Kim: OK. I didn’t sleep much last night though. I stayed up un-
til 2 a.m. studying for an exam.
Shawn: I was up late last night too. The semester is almost
over. I’ve had exams all week.
Kim: Are you going back to your home town after you gradu-
ate?
Shawn: I think so. After I graduate I’ll probably go back home
and try to get a job.
Kim: Do you know where you’d like to work?
Shawn: Not yet, but I want to be an English translator.
Kim: That’d be really cool. I’d like to be a translator too, but I
don’t think my English is good enough.
Shawn: Don’t worry about that. Your English is better than
most of my classmates.
Kim: Thanks, Where are you going now?
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Shawn: I’m going to study at the library. I have to take an ex-
am tomorrow.
Kim: Me too. How late does the library stay open?
Shawn: I think it’s open until 9 p.m.
Kim: OK. Good luck.
Shawn: You too.
28. Make up dialogues of your own using dialogue 3 as a
model.
Situations.
You meet your friend and talk about:
a) preparations for end-of-term examinations;
b) your plans after graduating.
29. Fill in the missing remarks in dialogue 4 and finish it
up.
Dialogue 4
Jane is talking to Martin about winter holidays.
Jane: … .
Martin: Nowhere. Just stayed here.
Jane: … .
Martin: I was working. I wanted to go away but I couldn’t.
Jane: … .
Martin: On the college newspaper mostly. Some lab work too.
Jane: … .
Martin: Well, if you’re really interested (…) .
SECTION 4
LISTENING
30. Listen to the Text “St. Petersburg University”. Answer
the questions that follow.
1. When was St. Petersburg University founded?
2. What outstanding people did the University give the world?
3. What buildings does the University occupy?
4. Who does the teaching staff consist of?
5. When did Elizabeth II visit St. Petersburg University?
6. What did she say in her speech at the University?
56
31. As you listen to the text, say which of these statements
The foundation of Russian culture.
The evidence of a knowledge level.
The role of monasteries.
Pre-revolutionary educational
institutions.
Higher education.
are true and which are false.
1. D.I. Mendeleyev was a St. Petersburg University graduate.
2. The main University building is situated in Peirodvoretz.
3. Elizabeth II visited all lecture halls and labs of the University.
4. She met the outstanding University professors.
5. In her address to the lecturers and students she mentioned
Peter I’s role in creating the splendours of St. Petersburg.
32. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 3A of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
33. Retell the text about St. Petersburg University.
34. Do you know anybody who studies at St. Petersburg
University or graduated from it? If yes, tell your classmates
about his/her study there.
35. Listen to the Text “Some Facts of the History of Education in Russia”. As you listen, fill in the chart according to the
following headings.
36. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 3B of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
37. Retell the text about the history of education in Russia.
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UNIT 4
HIGHER
EDUCATION IN
GREAT BRITAIN
VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the Text
“The System of Higher Education in Great Britain” and trans-
late the given sentences.
1. advance [əd′va:ns] n v – продвижение вперед, успех, прогресс; продвигаться вперед, делать успехи, развиваться
advanced adj – передовой, прогрессивный; продвинутый
advanced course – курс повышенного типа
We live in an age of rapid technological advance. This research has done much to advance our understanding of language
learning. This is the most advanced type of engine available. There
were only three of us on the advanced course.
2. tutor [′tju:tə] n – преподаватель, руководитель группы
студентов, консультант, куратор
tutorial [tju:′tɔ:riəl] n – практическое занятие с руководите-
лем; консультация; урок; семинар
His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy. The total number of hours spent in lectures, tutorials and practicals varies
according to the course of study.
3. account for [ə′kaunt] v – объяснять (что-л.); отвечать (за
что-л.); составлять определенную часть
take into account – принимать во внимание, учитывать
Students account for the vast majority of our customers. I hope
my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the
exams when she marks my paper.
SECTION 1
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4. staff [sta:f] n – штат, штаты (служащих и т.п.), персонал,
сотрудники
teaching staff – профессорско-преподавательский состав
faculty [′fæk(ə)lti] n – факультет, отделение; профессорско-
преподавательский состав
faculty member – преподаватель вуза
There is a good relationship between staff and students at the
university. As a university, we recognise that our students are talented in different ways, and our teaching staff work hard to bring out
the best in all of our students. She’s a member of the Harvard faculty.
The university hired more faculty.
5. emphasis[′emfəsis] n – особое внимание, акцент
put an emphasis on smth – придавать особое значение,
особенно подчеркивать что-л.
The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language.
Schools here put great emphasis on written work and grammar.
6. proceed [prə′si:d] v – приступить, перейти (to – к
чему-л.), приняться (за что-л.); продолжать
He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in
more detail. We can now proceed to the main business of the meeting. Before we proceed further, does anyone have any questions?
7. Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр гуманитарных или матема-
тических наук
Bachelor of Science – бакалавр наук
Honours [′ɔnəz] degree – степень бакалавра с отличием;
диплом с отличием
Pass degree – степень бакалавра без отличия; диплом без
отличия
The Bachelor of Arts is the most popular degree at most universities around the world. The Bachelor of Science is a versatile degree that provides students with the optimal balance between a defined sequence of study and flexible course options. Most graduate
programmes require undergraduate Honours degrees. An ordinary
degree is a pass degree without honours.
8. confer [kən′fə:] a degree – присваивать (присуждать)
степень
An honorary doctorate degree was conferred on him by Edinburgh University.
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9. follow [′fɔləu] v – следовать, придерживаться; заниматься
чем-л.
We expect even greater successes to follow. Why didn’t you
follow my advice? You will have to study hard if you intend to follow the law (=be a lawyer).
10. solve [sɔlv] v – решать, разрешать (проблему и т.п.)
Attempts are being made to solve the problem of waste
disposal.
11. matter [′mætə] n – вопрос, дело; предмет (обсуждения)
personal matter – личный вопрос
academic matter – вопрос, связанный с учебой
They had important matters to discuss. Planning a project is
just a matter of working out the right order to do things in. I’d like to
speak to my teacher about an academic (a personal) matter.
12. total [′təutl] adj – весь, целый, совокупный; полный
in total – целиком, в целом
The club has a total membership of 300. These products, in to-
tal, account for about 80% of all our sales.
13. consequent [′kɔnsikwənt] adj – являющийся результатом
(чего-л.), (логически) последовательный
consequently – следовательно; поэтому; в результате
Our use of harmful chemicals and the consequent damage to
the environment is a very serious matter. I spent most of my money
in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of
the holiday.
14. take a lecture course – прослушать курс лекций
He took a lecture course in biology.
15. give (deliver [di′livə]) a lecture – читать лекцию
Who is giving the lecture this afternoon? Professor Ivanov de-
livers lectures to first-year students.
16. present [pri′zent] v – представлять; показывать
He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting. The
classroom presented a cheerful busy atmosphere to the visitors.
17. differ (from smth/smb) v – различаться, отличаться от
чего-л./кого-л.
The findings of the various studies differ significantly. Their
house differs from mine I having no garage.
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