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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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this field, and defends his thesis. These are professors from his university or sometimes other universities who question the candidate
and finally decide whether he deserves the degree.
Ivanov: That makes a lot of things clear to me. Thanks a lot.
26. Fill in the missing remarks of the dialogue using the
above information.
Dialogue 3
Maxim: I’m glad to have this opportunity to talk to you, Dr.
Barton. Do you mind my asking some questions about the Universities in America?
Dr. Barton: Certainly not. Education is my business and hobby. What do you want to know?
Maxim: First, do you have a National University?
Dr. Barton: … .
Maxim: Can the students go to the University free of charge?
Dr. Barton: … .
Maxim: Most of your Universities have a central campus, don’t
they?
Dr. Barton: … .
Maxim: What degrees do American Universities offer?
Dr. Barton: … .
Maxim: Do your students take an oral examination over four
years of work before receiving a Bachelor’s Degree?
Dr. Barton: … .
Maxim: That clears up most of my questions, Dr. Barton. It’s
good to have this information from someone directly connected with
University life. I hope to visit several American Universities while
I’m here in the United States.
Dr. Barton: … .
27. Practise dialogue 4.
Dialogue 4
Talking about the Cost of Education
Ivanov: Is the cost of education very high?
Barbara: It has actually tripled within last twenty years or so.
A student’s expenses usually include housing, because many stu-
dents live away from home, food, books, and personal expenses and
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of course the tuition fees, which is what one pays to enroll in cours-
es. That’s why a lot of students, for the most part unskilled, are in
need of jobs to be able to continue their education. So they are a
good supply of cheep labor. And when you can get a job, the wages
are usually not high, both on and off campus.
Ivanov: It must be very hard for the family budget.
Briggs: It sure is. Education is very expensive in the USA.
However, we believe it to be a good investment for a lifetime.
Ivanov: Do students usually live on campus?
Barbara: Yes, most of them live in dormitories, dorms for
short. For those who do not, the housing situation is hard because the
rent is constantly on the rise.
Ivanov: What kind of financial assistance can be offered to
students?
Donald: A student can be offered a loan. This must be repaid
with interest after the student leaves the school. Then there are grants
that are awarded to needy students and they don’t have to be repaid.
Many students get financial aid.
Ivanov: Is academic performance taken into consideration in
awarding grants?
Donald: Not usually. But there are also scholarships, which are
awarded for academic excellence as a rule. Barbara’s got a scholar-
ship. In Graduate School, the graduate students involved in research
projects usually get fellowships.
28. Make up and act dialogues considering the following
assignments.
1. You talk to your American counterpart about the cost of ed-
ucation in the USA and Russia.
2. You are at the English lesson. Your teacher asks you about
different types of sums of money paid to support American students
during their study at colleges or universities (a grant, a scholarship, a
fellowship).
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SECTION 4
LISTENING
29. Listen to the Text “Instruction Conducted at Colleges
and Universities”. Answer the questions that follow.
1. Who provides instruction in American colleges and Universities?
2. What is the aim of instruction?
3. How are computers used for instruction?
4. What is a specific feature of recent decades at American colleges and universities?
5. Do levels of teaching differ in colleges and universities?
6. What universities have the largest campuses?
7. What are the leading universities?
8. What schools can be referred to as research universities?
9. What are minor universities like?
10. What stages does the American system of higher education
include?
30. As you listen to the text, say which of these statements
are true and which are false.
1. The official name of a university indicates the level of teaching it provides.
2. Universities provide courses leading to a Bachelor’s degree.
3. Some colleges offer PhD courses.
4. Federal money plays a very important role in the total performance of many universities.
5. It is not prestigious to go to Graduate School.
6. Scientists and scholars of international renown can’t be
found in minor universities.
31. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 5A of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
32. Retell the text.
33. Compare the ways of instruction provided at American
higher educational institutions with those of Russia.
34. Listen to the Text “Harvard University”.
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35. You will hear the numbers given below in the chart.
1636 1 6 10 (x 2) 1600
45 22000 70 100000 40
Say what these numbers refer to.
36. Check your answers with your groupmates and
Tapescript 5B of the Text. Look up the words you do not know
in the dictionary.
37. Retell the Text.
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UNIT 6
ENGLISH AS
A GLOBAL
LANGUAGE
SECTION 1
VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the Text
“World English” and translate the given sentences.
1. language [′læŋgwidʒ] n – язык
foreign [′fɔrən] language – иностранный язык
native [‘neitiv] language/(syn.) mother tongue [tΛŋ] – род-
ной язык
speak a language – говорить на языке
learn a language – изучать язык
teach [ti:t∫] (taught [tɔ:t]) a language – преподавать язык
She speaks several foreign languages. They were speaking
their native language. Russian is her mother tongue. She is very
good at learning languages. She teaches the English language at our
local school.
2. achieve [ə′t∫i:v] v – достигать, добиваться
He will never achieve anything. I achieved only half of what I
hoped to do.
3. spread (spread) [spred] v n – распространяться, развер-
тываться, простираться; распространение, протяжение, простирание
widespread adj – широко распространенный
The news spread through the village very quickly. The rapid
spread of the disease is alarming the medical authorities. There is
widespread public concern about this problem.
4. expand [iks′pænd] v – расширять(ся), распространяться
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expansion [iks′pæn∫n] n – расширение, распространение
Metals expand when they are heated. Student numbers are ex-
panding rapidly. The expansion of higher education will continue.
5. avoid [ə′vɔid] v – избегать, сторониться, уклоняться
He always tries to avoid giving a straight answer.
6. advantage [əd′va:ntidʒ] n – преимущество, благоприят-
ное положение
Living in a big town has many advantages, such as good
schools, libraries and theatres. Peter’s university education gave him
an advantage over boys who had not been to a university.
7. affair [ə′feə] n – дело
She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently. What I do
in my spare time is my affair.
8. fluent [′flu:ənt] adj – беглый (о речи), владеющий речью
fluently adv – бегло (о речи)
He speaks fluent English. He is fluent in English. He speaks
English fluently.
9. establish [i′stæbli∫] v – основывать, учреждать, устанав-
ливать
The firm was established in 1920. The custom has been estab-
lished in the college hall of dining early on Sundays.
10. develop [di′veləp] v – развивать, совершенствовать, раз-
рабатывать
development n – развитие, рост, расширение, эволюция
The plan developed slowly in his mind. It has developed into a
very large city. This was an important stage in the country’s devel-
opment.
11. throughout [θru′aut] adv prep – повсюду, во всех отно-
шениях; через, по всему, в продолжение (всего времени и т. п.)
The house was furnished throughout. I rained throughout the
night.
12. the number [′nΛmbə] n – число, количество
a number of – ряд, некоторое число
Please let us know the exact number by fax. A number of important changes have been made in the project.
13. promote [prə′məut] v – выдвигать, продвигать, способ-
ствовать, содействовать, поддерживать
He worked hard and was soon promoted to head teacher. He
worked hard to promote this scheme.
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14. increase [in′kri:s] v, [′inkri:s] n – возрастать, увеличи-
A
B
1. improve
2. scatter
3. differ
4. accomplish
5. misplace
6. enlarge
7. expand
8. set up
a. vary
b. expand
c. achieve
d. establish
e. assume
f. increase
g. develop
h. promise
вать(ся), расти; возрастание, рост, увеличение
The population has increased by 2000,000. There was a steady
increase in population.
15. major [′meidʒə] adj – главный; бóльший, более важный
All of her major plays have been translated into English. There
are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor.
16. vary [′veəri] v – менять(ся), изменять(ся), разниться
various [′veəriəs] adj – различный, разный
variety [və′raiəti] n – разнообразие, ряд, множество
The price varies according to the season. His reasons for leaving were many and various. She didn’t like the work because it
lacked variety. Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.
17. no longer – больше не
He no longer lives here.
18. lose [lu:z] (lost) v – терять; упустить; проигрывать
loss n – потеря, утрата; проигрыш
I’ve lost my keys. The company has lost a lot of business to its
competitors. We lost to a stronger team. The closure of the factory
will lead to a number of job losses. The company has announced net
losses of $1.5 million. Brazil’s 2 – 1 loss to Argentina.
19. tend v – иметь тенденцию, склонность (к чему-л.)
Prices are tending upwards. I tend to wake up early.
20. assume [ə′sju:m] v – предполагать, допускать
When you have a language degree, people assume that you
speak the language fluently.
2. Match the pairs of synonyms from A and B and translate
them.
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9. forward
10. suppose
i. spread
j. lose
noun on the right.
1. world
2. mother
3. rapid
4. major
5. career
6. native
7. various
8. big
9. fluent
10. widespread
a. expansion
b. ways
c. speaker
d. tongue
e. language
f. development
g. advantage
h. affairs
i. support
j. problem
words and phrases in brackets.
to (избегать) confusion with another firm. 3. We have encountered
(главный) problems. 4. Prices usually (иметь тенденцию) downwards at the end of he year. 5. They (изучать) English at university.
6. A large (количество) of people have applied for the job. 7. The
price of oil will (расти). 8. Despite the recession the company is confident of further (расширение). 9. They export their products to
markets (по всему) the world. 10. She (больше не) works here.
company. 2. The company is going to ________ a 100% increase in
profitability. 3. Did you report the ________ of your jewellery to the
police? 4. He speaks French excellently, but his mother ________ is
actually Greek. 5. The company is going to ________ its new products. 6. I am not prepared to discuss my financial ________s. 7. She
will ________ Russian to foreign students. 8. The campaign has received ________ support. 9. The company offers many opportunities
for professional ________. 10. I was surprised by the ________ of
the choices that were available.
root.
3. Match the following attributes on the left with a suitable
4. Make the following sentences complete by translating the
1. I’d like to speak English (бегло). 2. The name was changed
5. Insert the correct word from the Active Vocabulary.
1. A ________ of well-qualified people have recently left the
6. Define parts of speech. Translate the words of the same
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1. foreign – foreigner;
2. speak – computerspeak – speaker;
3. learn – learned – learner – learning;
4. teach – teachable – teacher;
5. achieve – achievable – achievement – achiever;
6. expand – expandable – expanse – expansion – expansionary;
7. advantage – disadvantage – advantageous(ly) – disadvanta-
geous;
8. fluent – fluently – fluency;
9. establish – establishment;
10. develop – developer – development – developmental.
SECTION 2
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. For better or worse, English has become the most global
of languages, the lingua franca (the common language) of business, science, education, politics and pop music. Before reading
Text 6A “World English”, discuss these questions with your
classmates or teacher.
1. In what countries is English spoken as a first language?
2. Why do you think English is becoming a world language?
3. Is this good news for everyone that English is becoming a
global language?
4. How do you feel about the position of English as the number
one world language?
5. How do Britain and the USA try to promote British and
American culture?
6. Are there any differences between British English and
American English?
7. Can we say that English as a global language is no longer
thought of as belonging only to British or American people?
8. Do British and American people bother to learn foreign languages?
9. In some countries people are getting angry about the use of
English words in their own language. How do you feel about this?
Does it matter? Can it be stopped?
8. Read Text 6A to find out if you are right or wrong.
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TEXT 6A
The foreign students with
the English alphabet
English, and the number is increasing. English
has become a global language or international
language, used by people who speak different
native languages to communicate with each
other.
English has achieved the status of a world
language over a long period of time, and for
various historical and cultural reasons. In the
17th century English was spread by settlers
going from Britain to America, and in the
18th and 19th centuries by the expansion of
the British Empire. Many countries which
were part of the empire kept English as their
WORLD ENGLISH
English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is
the first language, or mother tongue, of around 400 million people
living in Britain, Ireland, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Canada
and South Africa, and it is spoken as a second language by another
300 million people. English is learned by many more people worldwide as a foreign language. Altogether about 1.3 billion people speak
official language after independence. This avoided their having to
choose between competing local languages. As an official language,
English is generally used in government, public administration and
the law, and children may be taught in English. Some countries feel
that using English gives them an advantage in international affairs.
More recently, the military and political power of the US has contributed to the spread of English. People in many countries who have
had contact with these great powers have been expected to learn
English. Since the middle of the 20th century, English has been an
official language of international organisations such as the United
Nations.
Economic factors are also important. Britain and the US are
both major business and financial centers, and many multinational
corporations started in these countries. Elsewhere, knowledge of
English is often seen as necessary for success in business, and in
countries which have become tourist destinations English has been
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