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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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18. take the form of smth – принять форму чего-л.
A
B
1. contrast
2. teaching staff
3. advance
4. settle
5. entire
6. give
7. explain
8. subject
9. teacher
10. observe
a. proceed
b. tutor
c. total
d. faculty
e. account for
f. matter
g. follow
h. differ
i. present
j. solve
1. to confer
2. to write
3. to take into
4. to split
5. to put
6. to settle
7. to take
8. to advance
9. to deliver
10. to be
a. into groups
b. the form of smth
c. an academic matter
d. a degree
e. a faculty member
f. a theory
g. an essay
h. an emphasis on smth
i. account
j. a lecture
Following medical school, almost all Doctors of Medicine enter a residency-graduate medical education in a specialty that takes
the form of paid on-the-job training.
19. split v – делить на части, распределять
The teacher split the students (up) into three groups.
20. essay [′esei] n – письменная работа
He wrote an essay on the causes of the First World War.
2. Match the pairs of synonyms from A and B and translate
them.
3. Match the verb on the left with a suitable item on the
right. Use each item once only.
4. Make the following sentences complete by translating the
words and phrases in brackets.
1. We will (продолжать) according to plan. 2. If you already
have a UK (степень бакалавра с отличием), you can study for another higher education qualification. 3. She failed her exams and was
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(следовательно) unable to start her studies at college. 4. The two
most common types of degrees for higher education are the (бака-
лавр гуманитарных наук) and the (бакалавр наук). 5. We have 20
part-time members of (персонал). 6. The quality of someone’s
teaching is no longer a (личный вопрос). 7. The Center for (передо-
вой) Technology helps private and public entities to apply innovative
practices to increase efficiencies. 8. The repairs came to over £500 (в
целом). 9. A candidate with a (степень бакалавра без отличия) can
be admitted to this college. 10. They are working to (решать) the
traffic problem.
5. Insert the correct word from the Active Vocabulary.
1. French and Italian ________ from English in this respect.
2. These comments indicate a ________ lack of understanding.
3. Falling sales and a ________ loss of profits forced the company to
lay off more workers. 4. Our comprehensive Education Services
range from basic to ________ courses for technical and managerial
personnel. 5. Can you ________ for your strange behaviour? 6. You
will ________ a lot of lecture courses at the university. 7. He left
detailed instructions about the best way to ________. 8. Your
________ will last between 2 hours and will typically be in a smaller
group than your lecture. 9. Are you going to ________ a paper at the
conference? 10. For homework I want you to write an ________ on
Greek architecture.
6. Define parts of speech. Translate the words.
1. advance – advanced – advancement;
2. emphasise – emphasis – emphatic – emphatically;
3. confer – conferment – conference;
4. follow – follower – following;
5. solve – solution – solvable – solver;
6. total – totality;
7. consequence – consequent – consequently;
8. presence – present – presentable – presentably – presentation – presenter;
9. differ – difference – different – indifferent – differently –
differentiate.
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SECTION 2
Cambridge College
ber of faculties (colleges): medicine,
arts, law, music, natural sciences, economics, engineering, agriculture,
commerce and education.
University teaching in the UK differs
greatly at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels from that in many other
countries. An undergraduate programme consists of a series of lectures,
seminars, tutorials and laboratory clas-
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. Read and translate Text 4A “The System of Higher Education in Great Britain”.
TEXT 4A
THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION
IN GREAT BRITAIN
Higher education is provided at universities, colleges of education and advanced courses at polytechnics and other establishments
of higher and further education. The oldest and best-known universities are in Oxford, Cambridge, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh,
Bristol, Cardiff, and Birmingham. A university consists of a num-
ses which in total account for about 15 hours per week. Following a
particular programme students take a series of lecture courses, which
may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each
lecture course are seminars, tutorials, laboratory classes that illustrate
the topics presented in the lectures. Lectures are given to large
groups of students (from 20 to 200). Seminars and tutorials are much
smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a
one-to-one basis (one member of staff and one student).
Students prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials.
And this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion by
writing essays or by solving problems. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last two or three
63
hours. Much emphasis is put on the private study nature of a UK degree. Each student has a tutor whom he can consult on any matter
whether academic or personal.
The academic year is split into three terms. Formal teaching
takes place in the first two terms, which last for twenty four weeks in
total. The third term is reserved for classes and examinations and
lasts for six weeks.
After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bache-
lor’s degree and later on to the degree of Master and Doctor.
The Bachelor’s degree is given to students who pass examina-
tions at the end of three or four years of study: Bachelor of Arts for
history, philosophy, language and literature and sometimes some
social studies, or Bachelor of Science or Commerce or Music.
Bachelors’ degrees are at two levels, Honours and Pass. In some cases, the Honours degree is given for intensive study and examination
in one, two or perhaps three related subjects, while the Pass (or
“General”) degree may be somewhat broader. In other cases, the
Honours degree is given to the students who are more successful in
their examinations.
The first postgraduate degree is that of Master, conferred for a
thesis based on at least one year’s full-time work. Everywhere the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis, which is an
original contribution to knowledge.
The oldest Universities in Great Britain are Oxford and Cambridge Universities. They were founded in the two towns towards the
end of the twelfth century. Because of their age, traditions, historical
associations and reputation the prestige of Oxford and Cambridge
Universities is very high, consequently, competition for admission is
extremely keen.
8. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the oldest and best known universities in the UK?
2. What faculties does a university consist of?
3. What does an undergraduate programme include?
4. What types of classes are associated with each lecture
course?
5. What is the difference between a seminar and a tutorial?
6. What is a tutor in charge of?
7. When is a student given the Bachelor’s degree?
64
8. What are the levels of Bachelor’s degrees?
9. What is the Master’s degree conferred for?
10. What is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy given for?
11. What are Oxford and Cambridge universities famous for?
9. Correct the following sentences beginning with: “I am
afraid that’s wrong” or “That isn’t true to the fact”.
1. Higher education is provided at secondary schools.
2. University teaching in the United Kingdom is the same at
undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
3. A series of lecture courses may last two or three weeks.
4. Seminars and tutorials are given to large groups of students.
5. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all two hours in length
and laboratory works last an hour.
6. The academic year is divided into two terms.
7. Bachelor’s degree is at three levels.
8. The Honours degree is given to all students.
9. The first post-graduate degree is that of Bachelor.
10. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given to all gradu-
ates of higher educational institutions.
11. Oxford and Cambridge Universities were established in the
thirteenth century.
10. Comment on the picture given in the text.
11. Mark the main ideas of the text and retell it in English.
12. Read Text 4B “Universities and Colleges”. Give a brief
overview of its structure and contents in English.
TEXT 4B
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college
of higher education. There are 41 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education, universities offer three- and four-year degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND
(Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses. A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your
final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc
(Bachelor of Science) or BEd (Bachelor of Education). Undergraduates, students who are studying for degrees, go to large formal lec-
65
tures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups
of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer.
Only 25 per cent of the population goes on to higher education.
Competition to get into one of Britain’s universities is fierce and not
everyone who gets A levels can go. Students usually need three A
levels to go to university. Students apply to universities months before they take their A levels. The students are given a personal interview. They offer them a place, which depends on A-level results.
The more popular the university, the higher the grades it will ask for.
Most British students choose to go to university a long way from
their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to
live away from home and develop new interests.
British students do not have to pay enter university, but do
need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some
students whose parents do not earn much money are given a grant
from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow
money from the bank, which must be paid back after they graduate
from university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books,
transport and socialising. In fact, the grant is not much money. Students have to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is
now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are
dropping out, failing to finish their courses.
Not all students study full-time at university or college. Many
people combine their studies with work. Some companies release
their staff for training one or two days a week or for two months a
year. Large companies often have their own in-house training
schemes.
Notes
1. A level – сокращ. от Advanced Level, экзамен по про-
грамме средней школы на повышенном уровне на получение
аттестата об общем образовании
2. to drop out – бросать, оставлять (учебу)
3. in-house – внутренний, внутриведомственный
13. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the types of higher educational institutions?
2. What courses do colleges of higher education offer?
66
3. What is a degree?
4. Is there any difference between the terms a student and an
undergraduate?
5. What is a tutorial?
6. Can everyone who gets A levels go to university?
7. What are the highest and lowest grades?
8. Why do most British students prefer studying away from
home?
9. Do British students have to pay for their study at colleges
and universities?
10. How are students awarded grants?
11. Why are more students dropping out, failing to finish their
courses?
12. Can students in Britain choose which university to go to?
14. Explain the meaning of the following words and expres-
sions and reproduce the context in which they are used.
To offer a degree course, to get a qualification, to pass final
exams, to be awarded a degree, to study for a degree, a tutorial, a
lecturer, competition, fierce, to apply to a university, to take an A
level, to be independent, to earn money, to get a grant, to borrow, to
pay back, rent, to study full-time, to release.
15. Say if you agree or disagree with these statements. Give
your reasoning. Use the introductory phrases from the previous
Units.
1. Most big towns have only colleges of higher education.
2. Universities only offer four-year degree courses.
3. When you pass your final examinations, you are awarded a
degree.
4. Undergraduates have very few tutorials.
5. There is no competition to get into colleges or universities.
6. Students apply to universities immediately after they pass
their A level.
7. If the university is prestigious, it asks for higher A-level results.
8. British students don’t like to study away from their home
towns.
9. A student is awarded a grant if his/her parents earn a little.
10. Students don’t often work during the holidays.
67
11. Some companies don’t allow their employees to study at
higher educational institutions.
16. Put the following headings in a logical order according
to the text.
1. The ways undergraduates pay for their studies.
2. The types of classes undergraduates go to.
3. Preference for studying away from home.
4. The courses universities and colleges offer.
5. Combining work with studies.
6. The requirements for getting into a university or a college.
7. Grants.
8. University degrees.
9. The UK government’s attitude to in-house training schemes.
17. Mark the main ideas of the text and retell it in English.
18. Read Text 4C “Oxford University” and tell the class
what information is new to you.
TEXT 4C
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
Oxford University is one of the two oldest and most respected
universities in the UK. It is situated 100 km of London in the city of
Oxford. The University’s origins can be traced to the early 12th cen-
tury. It was modelled on the University of Paris, with initial faculties
of theology, law, medicine and liberal arts.
Oxford is a collegiate university. It consists of about 35 separate colleges. Colleges are self-governing institutions consisting of a
head and fellows. Each has its own hall, chapel, library, and endowments. The university has 16 faculties including medieval and modern European languages and literature, agricultural science, social
studies and others.
The usual course for a Bachelor’s degree is three years, but in
classics and chemistry it is four. Final examination takes place in
June, and students are classified. No further examination is required
for a Master’s degree, which is taken on the payment of the neces-
sary fees seven years after matriculation.
68
Oxford houses the Bodleian Library and the Ashmolean Museum. The Oxford University Press, established in 1478, is one of the
largest and most prestigious university publishers in the world.
Oxford University is considered to give a very high standard of
education, and is known to be a difficult place for students to be accepted to study in. Oxford University graduates often become powerful and successful members of British society, and many of the leading people in professions such as law, politics, and the civil service
have traditionally been “Oxford-educated”, though this is beginning
to change. Oxford and Cambridge Universities are sometimes criticised for the fact that about half their students come from public
schools (expensive private schools), even though most British children do not attend these schools. Some people also think of Oxford
and Cambridge colleges as too old-fashioned, traditional, and elitist,
and regard them as not really understanding how ordinary people
think and live.
Notes
1. a collegiate university [kə′li:dʒiət] – университет, объеди-
няющий несколько самостоятельных колледжей
2. a fellow – член совета колледжа
3. matriculation [mə,trikju′lein] – зачисление в университет
4. the Bodleian Library [′bodliən] – Бодлианская библиотека
Оксфордского университета; вторая по значению в Великобритании после Британской библиотеки (British Library); имеет около 5 млн. томов; основана в 1598 г.; названа по имени основателя Томаса Бодли (Thomas Bodley)
5. the Ashmolean Museum [æ′məuliən] – музей Ашмола;
музей и библиотека древней истории, изящных искусств и археологии при Оксфордском университете; основан в 1683 г.;
назван по имени основателя Элиаса Ашмола (Elias Ashmole)
19. Ask your classmates about the text and let them answer
these questions.
1. Where is Oxford University situated?
2. When was Oxford University established?
3. How many colleges does it consist of?
4. What are Oxford University colleges like?
5. What colleges does the University have?
69
6. What is the system of degrees at the University?
7. Why is Oxford University considered to be prestigious?
8. What do Oxford graduates become?
9. What are Oxford and Cambridge Universities criticised for?
10. What does the term Oxford-educated mean?
20. Consider the following statements.
1. Oxford University is a collegiate one.
How do you understand it? Can you express your opinion?
2. Oxford University gives a very high standard of education.
Do you agree? Can you give your reasons?
3. Oxford University graduates often become powerful and
successful members of British society, though this is beginning to
change.
Do you agree to that? What is really meant?
21. Discuss pros and cons of the fact that some people think
that Oxford and Cambridge Universities are too old-fashioned,
traditional, and elitist.
Here are some useful expressions for the supporters:
The point I’m making is…; it is generally felt…; I’m bound to
say …; I’m inclined to point out…; everyone knows that …, etc.
Some useful expressions for the opponents:
That’s not the point…; I think it’s absurd to…; anyone can
see…; the facts just don’t support…, etc.
22. Retell Text 4C.
23. Make up a story about higher education of Great Britain based on the information given in the above texts.
SECTION 3
SPEAKING
24. Practise dialogue 1.
Dialogue 1
Talking about Higher Education of Britain
A.: What kinds of higher educational institutions are there in
Great Britain?
B.: There are universities and colleges of higher education.
A.: What are the oldest and best-known universities in the UK?
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