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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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29. Make up and act dialogues considering the following
The location of Stratford-on-Avon.
The house Shakespeare lived in.
Shakespeare’s parents.
Shakespeare’s London life.
The theatre where Shakespeare’s plays were staged.
The church where Shakespeare was buried.
The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre.
assignments.
a) You came to London to meet your friends there. You ask
them which places of interest to see in London.
b) You tell your classmates about your holidays in London.
SECTION 4
LISTENING
30. Listen to the Text “Wales” about one of the parts of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Answer
the questions that follow.
1. How long has Wales been united with England?
2. What title is given to the son and heir of the monarch?
3. What is the capital of Wales?
4. What is the capital of Wales like?
5. What language do people of Wales speak?
6. Is the language spoken in Wales similar to English?
7. What is the only distinctive feature left in Wales?
8. What are the Welsh famous for?
31. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 9A of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
32. Retell the text about Wales.
33. Tell your classmates about the other parts of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland).
34. Listen to the Text “William Shakespeare’s Birthplace”
about Stratford-on-Avon. As you listen, fill in the chart according to the following headings.
161
36. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 9B of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
37. Retell the text.
162
UNIT 10
THE UNITED
STATES OF
AMERICA
SECTION 1
VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the Text
“The USA” and translate the given sentences.
1. stretch v – тянуть(ся), растягивать(ся)
The Andes stretch for 7,250 km along the west coast.
2. dense adj – плотный, густой
densely populated – густонаселенный
They cut a path through the dense jungle. That part of the city
has a dense population of immigrants. New York is densely populat-
ed.
3. seaboard [′si:bɔ:d] n – берег моря, побережье
shore [∫ɔ:] n – берег (озера, моря)
The company owns a chain of hotels along/on the Atlantic
seaboard. You can walk for miles along the shore.
4. harbour [′ha:bə] n – гавань, порт
Our hotel room overlooked a pretty little fishing harbour.
5. possess [pə′zes] v – обладать, владеть
Belgium was the first European country to possess a fully
fledged rail network.
6. raise [′reiz] v – выращивать, разводить; поднимать
The farmer raises chickens and pigs. The soil around here isn’t
good enough for raising crops. She raised her eyes from her work.
How can we raise standards in schools?
7. corn [kɔ:n] n – кукуруза; (собир.) зерно, хлеба
Corn is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples
in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times.
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8. wheat [wi:t] n – пшеница
Wheat is a staple crop for millions of people across the world.
9. cattle [kætl] n – крупный рогатый скот
beef cattle – крупный рогатый скот мясных пород
He has twenty cattle on his farm. The production of beef cattle
is foundational to the agricultural economy.
10. plant v – сажать (растения)
We planted trees and bushes in our new garden.
11. wealth [welθ] n – богатство, изобилие
wealthy [′welθi] adj – богатый, изобилующий
During a successful business career, she accumulated a great
amount of wealth. With their natural resources they are potentially a
very wealthy country.
12. urban [′ə:bən] adj – городской
suburb [′sΛbə:b] n – пригород, предместья, окрестности
suburban [sə′bə:bən] adj – пригородный
An urban area is characterised by higher population density
and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. They
live in the suburbs. They live in suburban Washington.
13. adopt [ə′dɔpt] v – принимать
The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving
measures.
14. amendment [ə′mendmənt] n – поправка, дополнение
An amendment to the bill was agreed without a vote.
15. approximate [ə′prɔksimət] adj – приблизительный
The approximate cost will be about $600.
16. settle v – поселиться, обосноваться
America was first settled by people who came across from
Asia over 25,000 years ago.
17. headquarters [′hed,kwɔ:təz] n – центр; главное управле-
ние; штаб
The company’s headquarters is/are in Amsterdam.
18. lay out v – планировать
The gardens were laid out with lawns and flower beds.
19. produce [prə′dju:s] v – производить, вырабатывать
product [′prɔdΛkt] n – продукция, изделие
The factory produces microchips. The region produces 50% of
the country’s wheat. The company’s newest product is selling well.
164
20. carry on trade – вести торговлю
A
B
1. give up
2. harvest
3. poverty
4. scattered
5. exact
6. disorganise
7. suburban
8. emigrate
9. lower
10. lose
a. layout
b. dense
c. urban
d. plant
e. settle
f. possess
g. adopt
h. approximate
i. wealth
j. raise
1. wealthy
2. headquarters
3. constitutional
4. densely
5. manufactured
6. beef
7. approximate
8. Eastern
9. suburban
10. ripe
a. number
b. populated
c. shore
d. office
e. train
f. cattle
g. amendments
h. corn
i. products
j. person
They are allowed to carry on trade in this region.
2. Match the pairs of antonyms from A and B and translate
them.
3. Match the following attributes on the left with a suitable
noun on the right.
words and phrases in brackets.
говлю) with many European countries. 3. (Поднимать) your hand if
you know the answer. 4. The tanker stayed in Boston (гавань) three
days to undergo repairs. 5. The hills (постираться) out as far as we
can see. 6. There are five cows and a calf in that herd of (крупный
рогатый скот). 7. He lives on the eastern (побережье). 8. I’ve made
a few last-minute (поправки) to the article. 9. This bread is made
from (пшеница). 10. These companies (производить) electrical
goods.
4. Make the following sentences complete by translating the
1. Box Hill is a (пригород) of Melbourne. 2. They (вести тор-
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5. Insert the correct word from the Active Vocabulary.
1. The usually ________ and harvest rice. 2. The council is expected to ________ the new policy at its next meeting. 3. I don’t
________ a single DVD. 4. The most ________ ________ sovereign
nation is Monaco, with a population density of 16,754 people/km
6. What percentage of the national ________ is spent on health care?
7. He swam from the boat to the ________. 8. After they got married, they decided to ________ in Brighton. 9. Over 82% of Texans
live in ________ areas. 10. Use these figures as an ________ guide
in your calculations.
root.
ly – possessiveness – possessor;
unproductive – productiveness – productivity.
2.
5. The company has its European ________ in Brussels.
6. Define parts of speech. Translate the words of the same
1. dense – densely – denseness – density;
2. possess – possessed – possession – possessive – possessive-
3. wealth – wealthy;
4. urban – suburb – suburban;
5. amend – amendment;
6. approximate – approximately – approximation;
7. settle – settled – unsettled – settlement – settler;
8. produce – producer – product – production – productive -
SECTION 2
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. Read and translate Text 10A “The USA”.
TEXT 10A
THE USA
The United States of America is one of the largest countries in
the world. Its territory stretches from the Atlantic seaboard, across
the central plains, over the Rocky Mountains to the densely populated west coast and then to the island state of Hawaii. America is a
land of physical contrasts including the weather. It possesses every
variety of climates, from that of the tropics to that of the Arctic re-
166
gions. The United States is also a land of rivers and lakes. The
Brooklyn bridge, New York
production, and the Northern States
are known for apples, berries and
vegetables. A wealth of minerals provides a solid base for American industry.
The United States of America was
founded in 1776. The Constitution
was adopted in 1787. 26 amendments
have been introduced since then. The
Constitution operates today and sets
Northern state of Minnesota is known as the land of 10,000 lakes.
The broad Mississippi River is the world’s third river after the Nile
and the Amazon.
American farmers plant wheat on the western plains. They
raise corn, wheat and fine beef cattle in the Midwest. Florida and
California are famous for their vegetables and fruit
the basic forms for the US government
The United States of America is a federation of 50 states.
The USA is largely an urban nation. Approximately two-thirds
of the population live in urban areas. At present the population of the
USA is about two hundred and thirty nine million. The USA is called
“the nation of immigrants”. The country was settled and developed
by generations of immigrants and their children. The language of
Americans is somewhat different from English spoken in Great Britain. Its grammar and structure are the same but there are new meanings in its vocabulary. There is also marked difference in pronunciation.
There are a lot of big cities in the USA, such as New York,
Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Boston, Dallas, San Francisco
and others. New York is the largest city in the United States. It is in
the south eastern New York State at the mouth of the Hudson River.
It is a financial centre of the country, the headquarters of the clothing
industry and the publishing business. It has a lot of schools and libraries, and some of the finest art galleries and museums in the
world. Two hundred miles south of New York is the city of Washington, the capital of the United States of America. It is the largest
metropolitan area in the country. Laid out by the French architect in
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the late eighteenth century, it was the world’s first city especially
Amazon [′æməzən]
Anaheim [′ænəhaim]
Arctic [′a:ktik]
Arlington [′a:liŋtən]
California [,kælə′fɔ:niə]
Capitol [′kæpitl]
Chicago [∫i′ka:gəu]
Dallas [′dæləs]
Disneyland [′diznilənd]
Florida [′flɔridə]
Hawaii [hə′waii]
Hollywood [′hɔliwud]
Hudson [′hΛdsən]
Lincoln [′liŋkəln]
Los Angels [lɔs′ændʒəli:z]
Michigan [′mi∫igən]
Minnesota [,mini′səutə]
Mississippi [,misi′sipi]
New York [,nju:′jɔ:k]
Nile [′nail]
Philadelphia [,filə′delfiə]
Potomac [pə′təumək]
San Francisco
[,sænfrən′siskəu]
Washington [′wɔ∫iŋtən]
planned as a centre of government. Chicago is the second largest city
in the United States. It was built on the shore of Lake Michigan and
is a busy inland port. Chicago is the centre of the meat packing industry. The city is famous for its stores and museums. It is a gigantic
industrial and economic centre. San Francisco, on the Pacific Coast
in California, is considered to be the most beautiful city in the United
States. It has a fine natural harbor; it carries on the trade with other
countries. Los Angeles in southwestern California is famous for Hollywood, where both movie and TV shows are produced, and its
world-famous Disneyland in the nearby suburb (Anaheim). Philadelphia is the centre of culture, education and science as well as business and industry.
The United States of America became the world leading country at the beginning of the twentieth century.
8. Practice the pronunciation of the following proper
names.
9. Finish up the sentences of the text.
1. America is a land of … .
2. American farmers plant … .
3. The Constitution operates … .
4. About two-thirds of the population live … .
5. The USA is called … .
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6. The language of Americans is … .
7. New York is a financial … .
8. Washington was laid out by … .
9. Chicago is famous for … .
10. San Francisco is considered to be … .
11. Movie and TV shows are produced in … .
12. The United States of America became … .
10. What would you say if you took part in the following
dialogue? Act it.
A.: Where is the United States of America situated?
B.: … .
A.: What is the climate in the USA?
B.: … .
A.: What are the main rivers and lakes in the USA?
B.: … .
A.: What do American farmers grow?
B.: … .
A.: What are Florida and the northern states famous for?
B.: … .
A.: What provides a solid base for American industry?
B.: … .
A.: When was the United States founded?
B.: … .
A.: When was the Constitution adopted?
B.: … .
A.: How many states are there in the USA?
B.: … .
A.: What is the political system of the USA?
B.: … .
A.: What is the population in the USA?
B.: … .
A.: Why is the USA called “the nation of immigrants”?
B.: … .
A.: Is there any difference between British and American Eng-
lish?
B.: … .
A.: What are the big cities in the USA?
169
B.: … .
A.: What can you say about New York and Chicago?
B.: … .
A.: What can you say about San Francisco, Los Angeles and
Philadelphia? What are they famous for?
B.: … .
11. Comment on the picture given in the text.
12. Mark the main ideas of the text and retell it in English.
13. Read Text 10B “The Capital of the United States of
America”. Give a brief overview of its structure and contents in
English.
TEXT 10B
THE CAPITAL OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
Washington, D.C., the city on the East coast, was founded in
1791. It was named after the first American President George Washington (1732 – 1799). In 1800 Washington, D.C., became the capital
of the USA. A visit to George Washington’s home is a form of pilgrimage for Americans.
Washington was created to be the seat of the government of
the USA. The flag of the USA, the Stars and Stripes, has fifty stars
on a blue background. Each of these stars represents one of the fifty
states. However, the City of Washington is not in any of these states.
It occupies the District of Columbia, abbreviated into D.C., and the
name of the capital always goes with the abbreviation not to be
mixed up with another Washington, which is a State on the Pacific
Coast. The District of Columbia is between the states of Virginia and
Maryland, on the Potomac River not far from the Atlantic Ocean.
Today the population of Washington, D.C., is over 3.4
million. Washington, D.C., is the seat of the US government. All organs of power are situated in the capital city. In Washington, D.C.,
there is no industry. It is a political, administrative, cultural and educational centre of the country. The White House, the Capitol and the
Supreme Court are all in Washington, D.C. The White House, the
official home
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